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Piatnitskaia S, Rafikova G, Bilyalov A, Chugunov S, Akhatov I, Pavlov V, Kzhyshkowska J. Modelling of macrophage responses to biomaterials in vitro: state-of-the-art and the need for the improvement. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349461. [PMID: 38596667 PMCID: PMC11002093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of medical implants in various areas of medicine, particularly in orthopedic surgery, oncology, cardiology and dentistry, displayed the limitations in long-term integration of available biomaterials. The effective functioning and successful integration of implants requires not only technical excellence of materials but also consideration of the dynamics of biomaterial interaction with the immune system throughout the entire duration of implant use. The acute as well as long-term decisions about the efficiency of implant integration are done by local resident tissue macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages that start to be recruited during tissue damage, when implant is installed, and are continuously recruited during the healing phase. Our review summarized the knowledge about the currently used macrophages-based in vitro cells system that include murine and human cells lines and primary ex vivo differentiated macrophages. We provided the information about most frequently examined biomarkers for acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, foreign body response and fibrosis, indicating the benefits and limitations of the model systems. Particular attention is given to the scavenging function of macrophages that controls dynamic composition of peri-implant microenvironment and ensures timely clearance of microorganisms, cytokines, metabolites, extracellular matrix components, dying cells as well as implant debris. We outline the perspective for the application of 3D systems for modelling implant interaction with the immune system in human tissue-specific microenvironment avoiding animal experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Piatnitskaia
- Cell Technology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Guzel Rafikova
- Additive Technology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Azat Bilyalov
- Additive Technology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Svyatoslav Chugunov
- Additive Technology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Iskander Akhatov
- Laboratory of Mathematical modeling, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Valentin Pavlov
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Urology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunosciences (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
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2
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Jan Z, Hočevar M, Kononenko V, Michelini S, Repar N, Caf M, Kocjančič B, Dolinar D, Kralj S, Makovec D, Iglič A, Drobne D, Jenko M, Kralj-Iglič V. Inflammatory, Oxidative Stress and Small Cellular Particle Response in HUVEC Induced by Debris from Endoprosthesis Processing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093287. [PMID: 37176169 PMCID: PMC10179554 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We studied inflammatory and oxidative stress-related parameters and cytotoxic response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to a 24 h treatment with milled particles simulating debris involved in sandblasting of orthopedic implants (OI). We used different abrasives (corundum-(Al2O3), used corundum retrieved from removed OI (u. Al2O3), and zirconia/silica composite (ZrO2/SiO2)). Morphological changes were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Concentration of Interleukins IL-6 and IL-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF)-α was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Activity of Cholinesterase (ChE) and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) was measured by spectrophotometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid droplets (LD) and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry (FCM). Detachment of the cells from glass and budding of the cell membrane did not differ in the treated and untreated control cells. Increased concentration of IL-1β and of IL-6 was found after treatment with all tested particle types, indicating inflammatory response of the treated cells. Increased ChE activity was found after treatment with u. Al2O3 and ZrO2/SiO2. Increased GST activity was found after treatment with ZrO2/SiO2. Increased LD quantity but not ROS quantity was found after treatment with u. Al2O3. No cytotoxicity was detected after treatment with u. Al2O3. The tested materials in concentrations added to in vitro cell lines were found non-toxic but bioactive and therefore prone to induce a response of the human body to OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zala Jan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Hočevar
- Institute of Metals and Technology, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veno Kononenko
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Nanobiology Group, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Michelini
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Nanobiology Group, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neža Repar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Nanobiology Group, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Caf
- Department for Materials Synthesis, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Kocjančič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Orthopaedics, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- MD-RI Institute for Materials Research in Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Drago Dolinar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Orthopaedics, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- MD-RI Institute for Materials Research in Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Slavko Kralj
- Department for Materials Synthesis, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darko Makovec
- Department for Materials Synthesis, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Iglič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Physics, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Nanobiology Group, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Monika Jenko
- MD-RI Institute for Materials Research in Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Porporati AA, Mödinger Y, Fischer S, Polajžer S, Mettang M, Deisinger U, Podlogar M, Trebše R, Lovšin N. Zirconia-Toughened Alumina Ceramic Wear Particles Do Not Elicit Inflammatory Responses in Human Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6482. [PMID: 37047454 PMCID: PMC10095128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten percent of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) require revision surgery. One of the reasons for THA are wear particles released from the implants that can activate the immune defense and cause osteolysis and failure of the joint implant. The discrepancies between reports on toxicity and immunogenicity of the implant materials led us to this study in which we compared toxicity and immunogenicity of well-defined nanoparticles from Al2O3, zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA), and cobalt chrome (CoCr), a human THP-1 macrophage cell line, human PBMCs, and therefrom-derived primary macrophages. None of the tested materials decreased the viability of THP-1 macrophages nor human primary macrophages at the 24 h time point, indicating that at concentrations from 0.05 to 50 µm3/cell the tested materials are non-toxic. Forty-eight hours of treatment of THP-1 macrophages with 5 µm3/cell of CoCr and Al2O3 caused 8.3-fold and 4.6-fold increases in TNF-α excretion, respectively, which was not observed for ZTA. The comparison between THP-1 macrophages and human primary macrophages revealed that THP-1 macrophages show higher activation of cytokine expression in the presence of CoCr and Al2O3 particles than primary macrophages. Our results indicate that ZTA is a non-toxic implant material with no immunogenic effects in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alan Porporati
- Medical Products Division, CeramTec GmbH, 73207 Plochingen, Germany; (A.A.P.); (Y.M.); (M.M.); (U.D.)
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Yvonne Mödinger
- Medical Products Division, CeramTec GmbH, 73207 Plochingen, Germany; (A.A.P.); (Y.M.); (M.M.); (U.D.)
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Medizintechnik, University of Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sara Polajžer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Melanie Mettang
- Medical Products Division, CeramTec GmbH, 73207 Plochingen, Germany; (A.A.P.); (Y.M.); (M.M.); (U.D.)
| | - Ulrike Deisinger
- Medical Products Division, CeramTec GmbH, 73207 Plochingen, Germany; (A.A.P.); (Y.M.); (M.M.); (U.D.)
| | | | - Rihard Trebše
- Valdoltra Orthopaedic Hospital, 6280 Ankaran, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Lovšin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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4
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Diehl D, Friedmann A, Bachmann HS. Evidence-based selection of reference genes for RT-qPCR assays in periodontal research. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:473-484. [PMID: 35106960 PMCID: PMC9033546 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To underline the necessity of adequate reference genes for real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and evaluate a novel tool for condition‐specific reference gene selection. Background RT‐qPCR is a commonly used experimental technique that allows for highly sensitive analysis of gene transcription. Moreover, the use of internal reference genes as a means for relative quantification has rendered RT‐qPCR a straightforward method for a variety of sciences, including dentistry. However, the expressional stability of internal reference genes must be evaluated for every assay in order to account for possible quantification bias. Materials and Methods Herein, we used the software tool RefGenes to identify putatively stable reference genes with the help of microarray datasets and evaluated them. Additionally, we propose an evidence‐based workflow for adequate normalization of thusly identified genes. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF‐hTert), human acute leukemia‐derived monocytes (THP‐1), and telomerase immortalized gingival keratinocytes (TIGKs) were subjected to set‐ups simulating various glycemic conditions and lipopolysaccharide challenges. Five common housekeeping genes (HKGs) and five genes from RefGenes were selected as targets and RT‐qPCR was performed subsequently. Then, normalization algorithms Bestkeeper, Normfinder, and geNorm were used for further analysis of the putative reference gene stability. Results RefGenes‐derived targets exhibited the highest stability values in THP‐1 and TIGK cell lines. Moreover, unacceptable standard variations were observed for some common HKG like β‐actin. However, common HKG exhibited good stability values in HGF‐hTert cells. Conclusion The results indicate that microarray‐based preselection of putative reference genes is a valuable refinement for RT‐qPCR studies. Accordingly, the present study proposes a straightforward workflow for evidence‐based preselection and validation of internal reference genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Diehl
- Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Anton Friedmann
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Hagen S Bachmann
- Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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5
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Jamieson S, Mawdesley A, Deehan D, Kirby J, Holland J, Tyson-Capper A. Inflammatory responses to metal oxide ceramic nanopowders. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10531. [PMID: 34006936 PMCID: PMC8131359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramic orthopaedic implants are increasingly popular due to the need for robust total joint replacement implants that have a high success rate long-term and do not induce biological responses in patients. This study was designed to investigate the biological effects of ceramic nanopowders containing aluminium oxide or zirconium oxide to activate the human macrophage THP-1 cell line. In vitro investigation of pro-inflammatory gene expression and chemokine secretion was performed studied using RT-qPCR and ELISA, respectively. TLR4 inhibition, using a small-molecule inhibitor, was used to determine whether ceramic-mediated inflammation occurs in a similar manner to that of metals such as cobalt. THP-1 macrophages were primed with ceramics or LPS and then treated with ATP or ceramics, respectively, to determine whether these nanopowders are involved in the priming or activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through IL-1β secretion. Cells treated with ceramics significantly increased pro-inflammatory gene expression and protein secretion which was attenuated through TLR4 blockade. Addition of ATP to cells following ceramic treatment significantly increased IL-1β secretion. Therefore, we identify the ability of ceramic metal oxides to cause a pro-inflammatory phenotype in THP-1 macrophages and propose the mechanism by which this occurs is primarily via the TLR4 pathway which contributes to inflammasome signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Jamieson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4HH, UK
| | - Amy Mawdesley
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4HH, UK
| | - David Deehan
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - John Kirby
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4HH, UK
| | - James Holland
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Alison Tyson-Capper
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4HH, UK.
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6
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Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced SiC Composite (C/SiSiC) as an Alternative Material for Endoprosthesis: Fabrication, Mechanical and In-Vitro Biological Properties. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11020316. [PMID: 29470416 PMCID: PMC5849013 DOI: 10.3390/ma11020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis and subsequent aseptic implant loosening are a major cause of compromising the long-term results of total joint replacements. To date, no implant has been able to mirror radically the tribological factors (friction/lubrication/wear) of in vivo tribological pairings. Carbon-Fibre Reinforced SiC-Composites (C/SiSiC), a material primarily developed for brake technology, has the opportunity to fulfil this requirement. Until now, the material itself has not been used in medicine. The aim of this investigation was to test the suitability of C/SiSiC ceramics as a new material for bearing couples in endoprosthetics. After the preparation of the composites flexural strength was determined as well as the Young’s-modulus and the coefficient of friction. To investigate in vitro biological properties, MG 63 and primary human osteoblasts were cultured on C/SiSiC composites. To review the proliferation, the cytotoxicity standardized tests were used. The cell morphology was observed by light microscopy, ESEM, confocal and 3D-laserscanning microscopy. C/SiSiC possesses a high resistance to wear. Cells exhibited no significant alterations in morphology. Vitality was not impaired by contact with the ceramic composite. There was no higher cytotoxicity to observe. Regarding these results, C/SiSiC ceramics seem to be biologically and mechanically appropriate for orthopaedic applications.
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7
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Characterization of wear debris released from alumina-on-alumina hip prostheses: Analysis of retrieved femoral heads and peri-prosthetic tissues. Micron 2018; 104:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Li B, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Cheng M, Qin H, Cheng T, Wang Q, Peng X, Zhang X. Curcumin Attenuates Titanium Particle-Induced Inflammation by Regulating Macrophage Polarization In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Immunol 2017; 8:55. [PMID: 28197150 PMCID: PMC5281580 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Periprosthetic inflammatory osteolysis and subsequent aseptic loosening are commonly observed in total joint arthroplasty. Other than revision surgery, few approved treatments are available for this complication. Wear particle-induced inflammation and macrophage polarization state play critical roles in periprosthetic osteolysis. We investigated the effects of curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from Curcuma longa, on titanium (Ti) particle-induced inflammation and macrophage polarization in vitro using the murine cell line RAW 264.7 and in vivo using a murine air pouch model. The expression of specific macrophage markers was qualitatively analyzed by immunofluorescence (inducible nitric oxide synthase and CD206) and quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry (CCR7 and CD206), representing M1 and M2 macrophages, respectively. Our results show that curcumin induced a higher percentage of M2 macrophages together with a higher concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and a lower percentage of M1 macrophages with a lower concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). The genes encoding CD86 (M1) and CD163 (M2), two additional markers, were shifted by curcumin toward an M2 phenotype. C57BL/J6 mice were injected with air and Ti particles to establish an air pouch model. Curcumin reduced cell infiltration in the pouch membrane and decreased membrane thickness. The analysis of exudates obtained from pouches demonstrated that the effects of curcumin on macrophage polarization and cytokine production were similar to those observed in vitro. These results prove that curcumin suppresses Ti particle-induced inflammation by regulating macrophage polarization. Thus, curcumin could be developed as a new therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory osteolysis and aseptic loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People' Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People' Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yaochao Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People' Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Mengqi Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People' Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Hui Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People' Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People' Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qiaojie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People' Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaochun Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People' Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People' Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
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9
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Gibon E, Córdova LA, Lu L, Lin TH, Yao Z, Hamadouche M, Goodman SB. The biological response to orthopedic implants for joint replacement. II: Polyethylene, ceramics, PMMA, and the foreign body reaction. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:1685-1691. [PMID: 27080740 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Novel evidence-based prosthetic designs and biomaterials facilitate the performance of highly successful joint replacement (JR) procedures. To achieve this goal, constructs must be durable, biomechanically sound, and avoid adverse local tissue reactions. Different biomaterials such as metals and their alloys, polymers, ceramics, and composites are currently used for JR implants. This review focuses on (1) the biological response to the different biomaterials used for TJR and (2) the chronic inflammatory and foreign-body response induced by byproducts of these biomaterials. A homeostatic state of bone and surrounding soft tissue with current biomaterials for JR can be achieved with mechanically stable, infection free and intact (as opposed to the release of particulate or ionic byproducts) implants. Adverse local tissue reactions (an acute/chronic inflammatory reaction, periprosthetic osteolysis, loosening and subsequent mechanical failure) may evolve when the latter conditions are not met. This article (Part 2 of 2) summarizes the biological response to the non-metallic materials commonly used for joint replacement including polyethylene, ceramics, and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), as well as the foreign body reaction to byproducts of these materials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1685-1691, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Gibon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Biomatériaux Ostéo-Articulaires-UMR CNRS 7052, Faculté de Médecine-Université Paris 7, Paris, France.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hopital Cochin, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Luis A Córdova
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Chile-Conicyt, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Tzu-Hua Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Moussa Hamadouche
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Biomatériaux Ostéo-Articulaires-UMR CNRS 7052, Faculté de Médecine-Université Paris 7, Paris, France.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hopital Cochin, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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10
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways within the osteolytic periosteum and interface membrane in particle-induced osteolysis. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 363:427-47. [PMID: 26004143 PMCID: PMC4735257 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aseptic loosening secondary to periprosthetic inflammatory osteolysis results from the biological response to wear particles and is a leading cause of arthroplasty failure. The origin of this inflammatory response remains unclear. We aim to validate the definite link between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and particle-induced inflammatory signaling pathways in periprosthetic osteolysis. We examine the histopathologic changes of osteolysis and the expression of specific biomarkers for ER-stress-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways (IRE1α, GRP78/Bip, c-Fos, NF-κB, ROS and Ca(2+)). Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and osteoclastogenic molecules (VEGF, OPG, RANKL and M-CSF) were assessed in clinical interface membranes and murine periosteum tissues. We found wear particles to be capable of inducing ER stress in macrophages within clinical osteolytic interface membranes and murine osteolytic periosteum tissues and to be associated with the inflammatory response and osteoclastogenesis. Blocking ER stress with sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) results in a dramatic amelioration of particle-induced osteolysis and a significant reduction of ER-stress intensity. Simultaneously, this ER-stress blocker also lessens inflammatory cell infiltration, diminishes the capability of osteoclastogenesis and reduces the inflammatory response by lowering IRE1α, GRP78/Bip, c-Fos, NF-κB, ROS and Ca(2+) levels. Thus, ER stress plays an important role in particle-induced inflammatory osteolysis and osteoclastogenic reactions. The pharmacological targeting of ER-stress-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways might be an appealing approach for alleviating or preventing particle-induced osteolysis in at-risk patients.
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11
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Jablonski H, Kauther MD, Bachmann HS, Jäger M, Wedemeyer C. Calcitonin gene-related peptide modulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with periprosthetic osteolysis by THP-1 macrophage-like cells. Neuroimmunomodulation 2015; 22:152-65. [PMID: 24853723 DOI: 10.1159/000360988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An anti-resorptive impact of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on periprosthetic osteolysis, the leading cause of early prosthesis loosening, has been shown previously. In this study, the impact of CGRP on pro-inflammatory cytokine production associated with periprosthetic osteolysis was analysed using THP-1 macrophage-like cells. METHODS Cells were stimulated with ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles (cell-to-particle ratios of 1:100 and 1:500) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS; 1 µg/ml) to establish osteolytic conditions, and simultaneously treated with CGRP (10(-8)M). Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA expression were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. RANK protein was detected by Western blot. Secreted protein levels of TNF-α as well as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were quantified in cell culture supernatants by ELISA and Bio-Plex cytokine assay, respectively. RESULTS Activation of macrophage-like cells failed to enhance the production of RANK but led to a dose- and time-dependent increase of TNF-α mRNA and secreted protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Application of CGRP time-dependently suppressed TNF-α mRNA expression induced by low-particle concentrations and LPS, while both particle- and LPS-induced secretion of TNF-α was inhibited. A pronounced inhibitory effect of CGRP on LPS-induced cytokine production at 24 h of incubation was also observed with IL-1β and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS CGRP shows a time-dependent inhibitory effect on the secretion of osteolysis-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines, indicating an indirect anti-resorptive influence of the neuropeptide on both aseptic prosthesis loosening and bacterially induced bone resorption which might enhance the life time of total joint replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Jablonski
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
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12
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Periasamy VS, Athinarayanan J, Al-Hadi AM, Juhaimi FA, Mahmoud MH, Alshatwi AA. Identification of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in food products: induce intracellular oxidative stress mediated by TNF and CYP1A genes in human lung fibroblast cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:176-186. [PMID: 25528408 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Food grade TiO2 (E171) is a synthetic additive, and widely used as a coloring agent in many foods, pharmaceutical and personal care products. A few reports have highlighted that insoluble particulates (less than 200nm) of food grade TiO2 are found in many foods and confectionary products. However, information regarding the physico-chemical properties (i.e., size and shape)-based food grade TiO2 nanotoxicity related human health issues are limited. The main goal of this study is to examine the presence of nano-sized particulates and its structural characteristics of food grade- TiO2 materials and to assess the acute cellular uptake and metabolic stress induced by these particulates in human lung fibroblast (WI-38) cells. The results of transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction studies indicated that about food grade TiO2 sample contains spherical shaped particulate forms in the nano-scale range, <100nm. The intracellular oxidative stress in human lung fibroblast cells (WI-38) was assessed through studies investigating the cellular uptake of the particles, changes in nuclear and cytoplasmic morphology, intracellular ROS, mitochondrial trans-membrane potential, the cell cycle and the expression of genes linked to metabolic stress markers. Altogether our data clearly indicate that primary metabolic stress indicators such as changes in the intracellular ROS, the dose-dependent loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, alterations in cell cycle progression (G2/M>S>G0/G1) and changes in the TNF and CYP1A gene expression pattern are linked to cellular stress. Thus, food grade TiO2 as nano-scaled contaminants could not only be potential human health risk factors, suggesting that safety considerations with special respect to a few crucial factors such as size, and shape should be considered and regulated by food regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jegan Athinarayanan
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Al-Hadi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al Juhaimi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H Mahmoud
- Human Nutrition Department, National Research Centre Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali A Alshatwi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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13
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Wen J, Li J, Pan H, Zhang W, Zeng D, Xu L, Wu Q, Zhang X, Liu X, Jiang X. Strontium delivery on topographical titanium to enhance bioactivity and osseointegration in osteoporotic rats. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4790-4804. [PMID: 32262668 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00128e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Strontium-substituted hierarchical Ti surface can enhance the osseointegration by both increasing new bone formation and reducing bone resorption under osteoporotic conditions.
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Lucas y Hernandez J, Laffenêtre O, Toullec E, Darcel V, Chauveaux D. AKILE™ total ankle arthroplasty: Clinical and CT scan analysis of periprosthetic cysts. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2014; 100:907-15. [PMID: 25453920 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite good clinical results following total ankle replacement (TAR), the development of large periprosthetic cysts (>400 mm(2)) in the medium-term is a source of concern. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to detect any large periprosthetic cysts in a cohort of AKILE™ patients using radiographs and CT scans, and then to compare these findings to published ones. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 127 TAR procedures were performed between June 1995 and January 2012. We retrospectively reviewed 68 cases with the newest AKILE™ implant design that had a minimum follow-up of 36 months. The average follow-up was 81 ± 33 months; eight patients were lost to follow-up. The outcomes consisted of analyzing radiographs (A/P and lateral weight bearing views, Meary view and lateral views of flexion/extension) and helical CT scans, performing clinical evaluations (range of motion, AOFAS score, Foot Function Index, pain levels) and determining the survivorship of TAR implants. RESULTS TAR survival at 5 years was 79% for in situ implants and 62% for revision-free implants. The AOFAS score improved from 33.7 ± 14.7 to 77.1 ± 15.1 (out of 100) and the pain sub-score was 30.2 ± 9.7 (out of 40) at the last follow-up. The average ankle range of motion was 32.3° ± 12.7° on the radiographs. CT scan revealed Type A cysts (<200 mm(2)) under the talar implant in 52% of cases and in the tibia in 50% of cases; these cysts were smaller than 100 mm(2) in 80% of cases and had no effect on the implants. No periprosthetic cysts larger than 400 mm(2) in size were identified. DISCUSSION The medium-term functional results and survivorship are comparable to those reported for other TAR designs. The incidence of cysts was low overall and there were no large-diameter cysts, which should improve long-term survival. The implant's design and materials likely played a role in preserving the periprosthetic bone stock. The AKILE™ TAR has distinctive features related to the low rate of large periprosthetic cysts in the medium-term. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV (retrospective case series).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lucas y Hernandez
- Orthopédie-traumatologie Pr. Chauveaux, groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - O Laffenêtre
- Orthopédie-traumatologie Pr. Chauveaux, groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - E Toullec
- Polyclinique de Bordeaux Tondu, 151, rue du Tondu, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - V Darcel
- HIA Robert-Picqué, 351, route de Toulouse, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - D Chauveaux
- Orthopédie-traumatologie Pr. Chauveaux, groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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Protection against titanium particle-induced inflammatory osteolysis by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in vivo. Inflammation 2013; 35:1378-91. [PMID: 22391745 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Wear particle-induced vascularized granulomatous inflammation and subsequent inflammatory osteolysis is the most common cause of aseptic loosening after total joint replacement (TJR); however, the precise mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. This study investigates the effects of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Bzb) on the expression of key biochemical markers of bone metabolism and vascularised granulomatous tissues, such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). In addition, the effect of Bzb on apoptosis of CD68+ cells was examined. A total of 32 female BALB/C mice were randomly divided into four groups. After implantation of calvaria bone from syngeneic littermates, titanium (Ti) particles were injected into established air pouches for all mice (excluding negative controls) to provoke inflammatory osteolysis. Subsequently, Bzb was administered at a ratio of 0, 0.1, or 0.5 mg/kg on day 1, 4, 8, and 11 post-surgery to alleviate this response. All of the air pouches were harvested 14 days after the surgical procedure and were processed for molecular and histological analysis. The results demonstrated that Ti injection elevated the expression of RANKL, OPG, VEGF, and TRAF6 at both the gene and protein levels, increased counts of infiltrated cells and thickness of air pouch membranes, and elevated the apoptosis index (AI) of CD68+ cells. Bzb treatment significantly improved Ti particle-induced implanted bone osteolysis, attenuated vascularised granulomatous tissues and elevated AI of CD68+ cells. Therefore, the proteasome pathway may represent an effective therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of aseptic loosening.
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Noordin S, Masri B. Periprosthetic osteolysis: genetics, mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions. Can J Surg 2013; 55:408-17. [PMID: 22992398 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.003711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aseptic loosening and periprosthetic osteolysis occur as a result of the biological response to particulate wear debris and are one of the leading causes of arthroplasty failure. Periprosthetic osteolysis originates from chronic inflammatory responses triggered by implant-derived particulate debris, which cause recruitment of cells, including macrophages, fibroblasts, lymphocytes and osteoclasts. These cells secrete proinflammatory and osteoclastogenic cytokines, exacerbating the inflammatory response. In addition to their direct activation by phagocytosis, there are contributing autocrine and paracrine effects that create a complex milieu within the periprosthetic space, which ultimately governs the development of osteolysis. Chronic cell activation may upset the delicate balance between bone formation and bone resorption leading to periprosthetic osteolysis. This article summarizes the genetic mechanisms underlying periprosthetic loosening and identifies potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahryar Noordin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
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Alshatwi AA, Vaiyapuri Subbarayan P, Ramesh E, Al-Hazzani AA, Alsaif MA, Alwarthan AA. Al2O3Nanoparticles Induce Mitochondria-Mediated Cell Death and Upregulate the Expression of Signaling Genes in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2012; 26:469-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Alshatwi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab; Department of Food Science and Nutrition; College of Food and Agricultural Sciences; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451; Saudi Arabia
| | - Periasamy Vaiyapuri Subbarayan
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab; Department of Food Science and Nutrition; College of Food and Agricultural Sciences; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451; Saudi Arabia
| | - E. Ramesh
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab; Department of Food Science and Nutrition; College of Food and Agricultural Sciences; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451; Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal A. Al-Hazzani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology; College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451; Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alsaif
- College of Applied Medical Sciences; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451; Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alwarthan
- Departments of Chemistry Department, College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451; Saudi Arabia
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Ding Y, Qin CQ, Fu YR, Xu J, Huang DS. In vitro
comparison of the biological activity of alumina ceramic and titanium particles associated with aseptic loosening. Biomed Mater 2012; 7:045019. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/7/4/045019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cheng T, Peng XC, Li FF, Zhang XL, Hu KZ, Zhu JF, Zeng BF. Transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1 signaling pathways regulate TNF-α production by titanium alloy particles in RAW 264.7 cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 93:1493-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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