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Lu T, Li G, Zhang L, Yuan X, Wu T, Ye J. Optimizing silicon doping levels for enhanced osteogenic and angiogenic properties of 3D-printed biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds: An in vitro screening and in vivo validation study. Mater Today Bio 2024; 28:101203. [PMID: 39221203 PMCID: PMC11364896 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics are valued for their osteoconductive properties but have limited osteogenic and angiogenic activities, which restricts their clinical utility in bone defect repair. Silicon doping has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance these biological functions of BCP. However, the biological impact of BCP is influenced by the level of silicon doping, necessitating determination of the optimal concentration to maximize efficacy in bone repair. This study investigated the effects of silicon doping on both the physicochemical and biological properties of BCP, with a specific focus on osteogenic and angiogenic potentials. Results indicated that silicon doping exceeding 4 mol.% led to the formation of α-TCP, accelerating BCP degradation, enhancing silicon ion release, and promoting mineralization product formation. Simultaneously, silicon doping increased the porosity of BCP scaffolds, which typically reduces their compressive strength. Nevertheless, scaffolds doped with ≤4 mol.% silicon maintained compressive strengths exceeding 2 MPa. In vitro biological experiments indicated that higher levels of silicon doping (≥6 mol.%) partially inhibited the successful differentiation of stem cells and the vascularization of endothelial cells. Optimal conditions for promoting osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis were identified between 2 and 4 mol.% silicon doping, with an optimal level of approximately 4 mol.%. Subsequent in vivo experiments confirmed that BCP scaffolds doped with 4 mol.% silicon effectively promoted vascularization and new bone formation, highlighting their potential for clinical bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teliang Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510316, PR China
| | - Guohao Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, PR China
- Zhoukou Center Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan, 466000, PR China
| | - Luhui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China
| | - Tingting Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510316, PR China
| | - Jiandong Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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Zhang Y, Dong Q, Zhao X, Sun Y, Lin X, Zhang X, Wang T, Yang T, Jiang X, Li J, Cao Z, Cai T, Liu W, Zhang H, Bai J, Yao Q. Honeycomb-like biomimetic scaffold by functionalized antibacterial hydrogel and biodegradable porous Mg alloy for osteochondral regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1417742. [PMID: 39070169 PMCID: PMC11273084 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1417742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Osteochondral repair poses a significant challenge due to its unique pathological mechanisms and complex repair processes, particularly in bacterial tissue conditions resulting from open injuries, infections, and surgical contamination. This study introduces a biomimetic honeycomb-like scaffold (Zn-AlgMA@Mg) designed for osteochondral repair. The scaffold consists of a dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD)-coated porous magnesium scaffold (DCPD Mg) embedded within a dual crosslinked sodium alginate hydrogel (Zn-AlgMA). This combination aims to synergistically exert antibacterial and osteochondral integrated repair properties. Methods: The Zn-AlgMA@Mg scaffold was fabricated by coating porous magnesium scaffolds with DCPD and embedding them within a dual crosslinked sodium alginate hydrogel. The structural and mechanical properties of the DCPD Mg scaffold were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical testing. The microstructural features and hydrophilicity of Zn-AlgMA were assessed. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the controlled release of magnesium and zinc ions, as well as the scaffold's osteogenic, chondrogenic, and antibacterial properties. Proteomic analysis was performed to elucidate the mechanism of osteochondral integrated repair. In vivo efficacy was evaluated using a rabbit full-thickness osteochondral defect model, with micro-CT evaluation, quantitative analysis, and histological staining (hematoxylin-eosin, Safranin-O, and Masson's trichrome). Results: The DCPD Mg scaffold exhibited a uniform porous structure and superior mechanical properties. The Zn-AlgMA hydrogel displayed consistent microstructural features and enhanced hydrophilicity. The Zn-AlgMA@Mg scaffold provided controlled release of magnesium and zinc ions, promoting cell proliferation and vitality. In vitro studies demonstrated significant osteogenic and chondrogenic properties, as well as antibacterial efficacy. Proteomic analysis revealed the underlying mechanism of osteochondral integrated repair facilitated by the scaffold. Micro-CT evaluation and histological analysis confirmed successful osteochondral integration in the rabbit model. Discussion: The biomimetic honeycomb-like scaffold (Zn-AlgMA@Mg) demonstrated promising results for osteochondral repair, effectively addressing the challenges posed by bacterial tissue conditions. The scaffold's ability to release magnesium and zinc ions in a controlled manner contributed to its significant osteogenic, chondrogenic, and antibacterial properties. Proteomic analysis provided insights into the scaffold's mechanism of action, supporting its potential for integrated osteochondral regeneration. The successful in vivo results highlight the scaffold's efficacy, making it a promising biomaterial for future applications in osteochondral repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiangsheng Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhi Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianxiao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxiang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhicheng Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingwen Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanshun Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Medical Devices (Suzhou), Southeast University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
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Li X, Li L, Wang D, Zhang J, Yi K, Su Y, Luo J, Deng X, Deng F. Fabrication of polymeric microspheres for biomedical applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2820-2855. [PMID: 38567423 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01641b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric microspheres (PMs) have attracted great attention in the field of biomedicine in the last several decades due to their small particle size, special functionalities shown on the surface and high surface-to-volume ratio. However, how to fabricate PMs which can meet the clinical needs and transform laboratory achievements to industrial scale-up still remains a challenge. Therefore, advanced fabrication technologies are pursued. In this review, we summarize the technologies used to fabricate PMs, including emulsion-based methods, microfluidics, spray drying, coacervation, supercritical fluid and superhydrophobic surface-mediated method and their advantages and disadvantages. We also review the different structures, properties and functions of the PMs and their applications in the fields of drug delivery, cell encapsulation and expansion, scaffolds in tissue engineering, transcatheter arterial embolization and artificial cells. Moreover, we discuss existing challenges and future perspectives for advancing fabrication technologies and biomedical applications of PMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Li
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Luohuizi Li
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China.
| | - Dehui Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shandong Pharmaceutical Glass Co. Ltd, Zibo, 256100, P. R. China
| | - Kangfeng Yi
- Shandong Pharmaceutical Glass Co. Ltd, Zibo, 256100, P. R. China
| | - Yucai Su
- Shandong Pharmaceutical Glass Co. Ltd, Zibo, 256100, P. R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China.
| | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China.
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518110, P. R. China
| | - Fei Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Jinniu Hospital, Chengdu Jinniu District People's Hospital, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
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Pan Q, Su W, Yao Y. Progress in microsphere-based scaffolds in bone/cartilage tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:062004. [PMID: 37751762 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acfd78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone/cartilage repair and regeneration have been popular and difficult issues in medical research. Tissue engineering is rapidly evolving to provide new solutions to this problem, and the key point is to design the appropriate scaffold biomaterial. In recent years, microsphere-based scaffolds have been considered suitable scaffold materials for bone/cartilage injury repair because microporous structures can form more internal space for better cell proliferation and other cellular activities, and these composite scaffolds can provide physical/chemical signals for neotissue formation with higher efficiency. This paper reviews the research progress of microsphere-based scaffolds in bone/chondral tissue engineering, briefly introduces types of microspheres made from polymer, inorganic and composite materials, discusses the preparation methods of microspheres and the exploration of suitable microsphere pore size in bone and cartilage tissue engineering, and finally details the application of microsphere-based scaffolds in biomimetic scaffolds, cell proliferation and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Pan
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixian Su
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchang Yao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
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5
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Lu T, Ma N, He F, Liang Y, Ye J. Enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold by synergistic effect of silk fibroin coating and zinc doping. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1007-1017. [PMID: 36066873 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221124367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffold has been widely applied to bone regeneration because of its good biocompatibility and bone conduction property. However, the low mechanical strength and the lack of angiogenic and osteogenic induction properties have restricted its application in bone tissue regeneration. In this study, we combined zinc (Zn2+) doping and silk fibroin (SF) coating with expectation to enhance compressive strength, osteogenesis and angiogenesis of BCP scaffolds. The phase composition, morphology, porosity, compressive strength, in vitro degradation and cell behaviors were investigated systematically. Results showed that the scaffold coated with SF exhibited almost 3 times of compressive strength without compromising its porosity compared with the uncoated scaffold. Zn2+ doping and SF coating synergistically enhanced the alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenesis-related genes expression of mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). Furthermore, SF coating notably improved the proliferation, cell viability and in vitro angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This work provides a novel way to modify BCP scaffolds simultaneously with enhancing mechanical strength and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teliang Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, 26467South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, 26467South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fupo He
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, 47870Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, 26467South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, 26467South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, 26467South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Wang L, Lian J, Xia Y, Guo Y, Xu C, Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhang X, Li B, Zhao B. A study on in vitro and in vivo bioactivity of silk fibroin / nano-hydroxyapatite / graphene oxide composite scaffolds with directional channels. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Nicoara AI, Stoica AE, Ene DI, Vasile BS, Holban AM, Neacsu IA. In Situ and Ex Situ Designed Hydroxyapatite: Bacterial Cellulose Materials with Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214793. [PMID: 33121009 PMCID: PMC7663409 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and bacterial cellulose (BC) composite materials represent a promising approach for tissue engineering due to their excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of two types of materials based on HAp and BC, with antibacterial properties provided by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The composite materials were obtained following two routes: (1) HAp was obtained in situ directly in the BC matrix containing different amounts of AgNPs by the coprecipitation method, and (2) HAp was first obtained separately using the coprecipitation method, then combined with BC containing different amounts of AgNPs by ultrasound exposure. The obtained materials were characterized by means of XRD, SEM, and FT-IR, while their antimicrobial effect was evaluated against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and yeast (Candida albicans). The results demonstrated that the obtained composite materials were characterized by a homogenous porous structure and high water absorption capacity (more than 1000% w/w). These materials also possessed low degradation rates (<5% in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C) and considerable antimicrobial effect due to silver nanoparticles (10–70 nm) embedded in the polymer matrix. These properties could be finetuned by adjusting the content of AgNPs and the synthesis route. The samples prepared using the in situ route had a wider porosity range and better homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ionut Nicoara
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.N.); (B.S.V.); (I.A.N.)
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Elena Stoica
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.N.); (B.S.V.); (I.A.N.)
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-784069104
| | - Denisa-Ionela Ene
- Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Stefan Vasile
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.N.); (B.S.V.); (I.A.N.)
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ionela Andreea Neacsu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.N.); (B.S.V.); (I.A.N.)
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
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Lutzweiler G, Ndreu Halili A, Engin Vrana N. The Overview of Porous, Bioactive Scaffolds as Instructive Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration and Their Clinical Translation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E602. [PMID: 32610440 PMCID: PMC7407612 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous scaffolds have been employed for decades in the biomedical field where researchers have been seeking to produce an environment which could approach one of the extracellular matrixes supporting cells in natural tissues. Such three-dimensional systems offer many degrees of freedom to modulate cell activity, ranging from the chemistry of the structure and the architectural properties such as the porosity, the pore, and interconnection size. All these features can be exploited synergistically to tailor the cell-material interactions, and further, the tissue growth within the voids of the scaffold. Herein, an overview of the materials employed to generate porous scaffolds as well as the various techniques that are used to process them is supplied. Furthermore, scaffold parameters which modulate cell behavior are identified under distinct aspects: the architecture of inert scaffolds (i.e., pore and interconnection size, porosity, mechanical properties, etc.) alone on cell functions followed by comparison with bioactive scaffolds to grasp the most relevant features driving tissue regeneration. Finally, in vivo outcomes are highlighted comparing the accordance between in vitro and in vivo results in order to tackle the future translational challenges in tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Lutzweiler
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, UMR_S 1121, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
| | - Albana Ndreu Halili
- Department of Information Technology, Aleksander Moisiu University, 2001 Durres, Albania;
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