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Labusca L, Herea DD, Emanuela Minuti A, Stavila C, Danceanu C, Plamadeala P, Chiriac H, Lupu N. Magnetic Nanoparticles and Magnetic Field Exposure Enhances Chondrogenesis of Human Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells But Not of Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:737132. [PMID: 34733830 PMCID: PMC8558412 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.737132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Iron oxide based magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are versatile tools in biology and medicine. Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) and Wharton Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSC) are currently tested in different strategies for regenerative regenerative medicine (RM) purposes. Their superiority compared to other mesenchymal stem cell consists in larger availability, and superior proliferative and differentiation potential. Magnetic field (MF) exposure of MNP-loaded ADSC has been proposed as a method to deliver mechanical stimulation for increasing conversion to musculoskeletal lineages. In this study, we investigated comparatively chondrogenic conversion of ADSC-MNP and WJMSC with or without MF exposure in order to identify the most appropriate cell source and differentiation protocol for future cartilage engineering strategies. Methods: Human primary ADSC and WJMSC from various donors were loaded with proprietary uncoated MNP. The in vitro effect on proliferation and cellular senescence (beta galactosidase assay) in long term culture was assessed. In vitro chondrogenic differentiation in pellet culture system, with or without MF exposure, was assessed using pellet histology (Safranin O staining) as well as quantitative evaluation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) deposition per cell. Results: ADSC-MNP complexes displayed superior proliferative capability and decreased senescence after long term (28 days) culture in vitro compared to non-loaded ADSC and to WJMSC-MNP. Significant increase in chondrogenesis conversion in terms of GAG/cell ratio could be observed in ADSC-MNP. MF exposure increased glycosaminoglycan deposition in MNP-loaded ADSC, but not in WJMSC. Conclusion: ADSC-MNP display decreased cellular senescence and superior chondrogenic capability in vitro compared to non-loaded cells as well as to WJMSC-MNP. MF exposure further increases ADSC-MNP chondrogenesis in ADSC, but not in WJMSC. Loading ADSC with MNP can derive a successful procedure for obtaining improved chondrogenesis in ADSC. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the utility of ADSC-MNP complexes for cartilage engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Labusca
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic County Emergency Hospital Saint Spiridon, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dumitru-Daniel Herea
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Emanuela Minuti
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Stavila
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Camelia Danceanu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Petru Plamadeala
- Pathology Department County Children Emergency Hospital Saint Mary, Iasi, Romania
| | - Horia Chiriac
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Lupu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
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Abstract
Among all minerals, iron is one of the elements identified early by human beings to take advantage of and be used. The role of iron in human life is so great that it made an era in the ages of humanity. Pure iron has a shiny grayish-silver color, but after combining with oxygen and water it can make a colorful set of materials with divergent properties. This diversity sometimes appears ambiguous but provides variety of applications. In fact, iron can come in different forms: zero-valent iron (pure iron), iron oxides, iron hydroxides, and iron oxide hydroxides. By taking these divergent materials into the nano realm, new properties are exhibited, providing us with even more applications. This review deals with iron as a magic element in the nano realm and provides comprehensive data about its structure, properties, synthesis techniques, and applications of various forms of iron-based nanostructures in the science, medicine, and technology sectors.
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Garanina A, Kireev I, Zhironkina O, Strelkova O, Shakhov A, Alieva I, Davydov V, Murugesan S, Khabashesku V, Majouga A, Agafonov V, Uzbekov R. Long-term live cells observation of internalized fluorescent Fe@C nanoparticles in constant magnetic field. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:27. [PMID: 30728022 PMCID: PMC6364403 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theranostics application of superparamagnetic nanoparticles based on magnetite and maghemite is impeded by their toxicity. The use of additional protective shells significantly reduced the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles. Therefore, iron carbides and pure iron nanoparticles coated with multiple layers of onion-like carbon sheath seem to be optimal for biomedicine. Fluorescent markers associated with magnetic nanoparticles provide reliable means for their multimodal visualization. Here, biocompatibility of iron nanoparticles coated with graphite-like shell and labeled with Alexa 647 fluorescent marker has been investigated. METHODS Iron core nanoparticles with intact carbon shells were purified by magnetoseparation after hydrochloric acid treatment. The structure of the NPs (nanoparticles) was examined with a high resolution electron microscopy. The surface of the NPs was alkylcarboxylated and further aminated for covalent linking with Alexa Fluor 647 fluorochrome to produce modified fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (MFMNPs). Live fluorescent imaging and correlative light-electron microscopy were used to study the NPs intracellular distribution and the effects of constant magnetic field on internalized NPs in the cell culture were analyzed. Cell viability was assayed by measuring a proliferative pool with Click-IT labeling. RESULTS The microstructure and magnetic properties of superparamagnetic Fe@C core-shell NPs as well as their endocytosis by living tumor cells, and behavior inside the cells in constant magnetic field (150 mT) were studied. Correlative light-electron microscopy demonstrated that NPs retained their microstructure after internalization by the living cells. Application of constant magnetic field caused orientation of internalized NPs along power lines thus demonstrating their magnetocontrollability. Carbon onion-like shells make these NPs biocompatible and enable long-term observation with confocal microscope. It was found that iron core of NPs shows no toxic effect on the cell physiology, does not inhibit the cell proliferation and also does not induce apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Non-toxic, biologically compatible superparamagnetic fluorescent MFMNPs can be further used for biological application such as delivery of biologically active compounds both inside the cell and inside the whole organism, magnetic separation, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Garanina
- GREMAN, UMR CNRS 7347, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
- National University of Science and Technology «MISiS», 119049 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Kireev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oxana Zhironkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Strelkova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anton Shakhov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Alieva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valery Davydov
- L. F. Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics of the RAS, 142190 Troitsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sankaran Murugesan
- Center for Technology Innovation, Baker Hughes a GE Company, Houston, TX 77040 USA
| | - Valery Khabashesku
- Center for Technology Innovation, Baker Hughes a GE Company, Houston, TX 77040 USA
| | - Alexander Majouga
- National University of Science and Technology «MISiS», 119049 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047 Russian Federation
| | | | - Rustem Uzbekov
- Faculté de Médecine, Université François Rabelais, 37032 Tours, France
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Levy I, Sher I, Corem-Salkmon E, Ziv-Polat O, Meir A, Treves AJ, Nagler A, Kalter-Leibovici O, Margel S, Rotenstreich Y. Bioactive magnetic near Infra-Red fluorescent core-shell iron oxide/human serum albumin nanoparticles for controlled release of growth factors for augmentation of human mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:34. [PMID: 25947109 PMCID: PMC4432958 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (NPs) of sizes less than 50 nm are considered to be non-toxic, biodegradable and superparamagnetic. We have previously described the generation of IO NPs coated with Human Serum Albumin (HSA). HSA coating onto the IO NPs enables conjugation of the IO/HSA NPs to various biomolecules including proteins. Here we describe the preparation and characterization of narrow size distribution core-shell NIR fluorescent IO/HSA magnetic NPs conjugated covalently to Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) for biomedical applications. We examined the biological activity of the conjugated FGF2 on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). These multipotent cells can differentiate into bone, cartilage, hepatic, endothelial and neuronal cells and are being studied in clinical trials for treatment of various diseases. FGF2 enhances the proliferation of hBM-MSCs and promotes their differentiation toward neuronal, adipogenic and osteogenic lineages in vitro. Results The NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Covalent conjugation of the FGF2 to the IO/HSA NPs significantly stabilized this growth factor against various enzymes and inhibitors existing in serum and in tissue cultures. IO/HSA NPs conjugated to FGF2 were internalized into hBM-MSCs via endocytosis as confirmed by flow cytometry analysis and Prussian Blue staining. Conjugated FGF2 enhanced the proliferation and clonal expansion capacity of hBM-MSCs, as well as their adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation to a higher extent compared with the free growth factor. Free and conjugated FGF2 promoted the expression of neuronal marker Microtubule-Associated Protein 2 (MAP2) to a similar extent, but conjugated FGF2 was more effective than free FGF2 in promoting the expression of astrocyte marker Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) in these cells. Conclusions These results indicate that stabilization of FGF2 by conjugating the IO/HSA NPs can enhance the biological efficacy of FGF2 and its ability to promote hBM-MSC cell proliferation and trilineage differentiation. This new system may benefit future therapeutic use of hBM-MSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-015-0090-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Levy
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel.
| | - Ifat Sher
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
| | - Enav Corem-Salkmon
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel.
| | - Ofra Ziv-Polat
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel.
| | - Amilia Meir
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
| | - Avraham J Treves
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Hematology Division, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
| | - Ofra Kalter-Leibovici
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Ramat Gan, Israel, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Shlomo Margel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel.
| | - Ygal Rotenstreich
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
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Perlstein B, Finniss SA, Miller C, Okhrimenko H, Kazimirsky G, Cazacu S, Lee HK, Lemke N, Brodie S, Umansky F, Rempel SA, Rosenblum M, Mikklesen T, Margel S, Brodie C. TRAIL conjugated to nanoparticles exhibits increased anti-tumor activities in glioma cells and glioma stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Neuro Oncol 2012; 15:29-40. [PMID: 23144078 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are characterized by resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and therefore, alternative therapeutic approaches are needed. TRAIL induces apoptosis in cancer but not in normal cells and is considered to be a promising anti-tumor agent. However, its short in vivo half-life and lack of efficient administration modes are serious impediments to its therapeutic efficacy. Nanoparticles (NP) have been used as effective delivery tools for various anticancer drugs. TRAIL was conjugated to magnetic ferric oxide NP by binding the TRAIL primary amino groups to activated double bonds on the surface of the NP. The effect of NP-TRAIL was examined on the apoptosis of glioma cells and self-renewal of glioma stem cells (GSCs). In addition, the ability of the NP-TRAIL to track U251 cell-derived glioma xenografts and to affect cell apoptosis, tumor volume, and survival among xenografted rats was also examined. Conjugation of TRAIL to NP increased its apoptotic activity against different human glioma cells and GSCs, as compared with free recombinant TRAIL. Combined treatment with NP-TRAIL and γ-radiation or bortezomib sensitized TRAIL-resistant GSCs to NP-TRAIL. Using rhodamine-labeled NP and U251 glioma cell-derived xenografts, we demonstrated that the NP-TRAIL were found in the tumor site and induced a significant increase in glioma cell apoptosis, a decrease in tumor volume, and increased animal survival. In summary, conjugation of TRAIL to NP increased its apoptotic activity both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, NP-TRAIL represents a targeted anticancer agent with more efficient action for the treatment of GBM and the eradication of GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Perlstein
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Corem-Salkmon E, Perlstein B, Margel S. Design of near-infrared fluorescent bioactive conjugated functional iron oxide nanoparticles for optical detection of colon cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5517-27. [PMID: 23112575 PMCID: PMC3480238 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon cancer is one of the major causes of death in the Western world. Early detection significantly improves long-term survival for patients with the disease. Near- infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoparticles hold great promise as contrast agents for tumor detection. NIR offers several advantages for bioimaging compared with fluorescence in the visible spectrum, ie, lower autofluorescence of biological tissues, lower absorbance, and consequently deeper penetration into biomatrices. Methods and results NIR fluorescent iron oxide nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution were prepared by nucleation, followed by controlled growth of thin iron oxide films onto cyanine NIR dye conjugated gelatin-iron oxide nuclei. For functionalization, and in order to increase the NIR fluorescence intensity, the NIR fluorescent iron oxide nanoparticles obtained were coated with human serum albumin containing cyanine NIR dye. Leakage of the NIR dye from these nanoparticles into phosphate-buffered saline solution containing 4% albumin was not detected. The work presented here is a feasibility study to test the suitability of iron oxide-human serum albumin NIR fluorescent nanoparticles for optical detection of colon cancer. It demonstrates that encapsulation of NIR fluorescent dye within these nanoparticles significantly reduces photobleaching of the dye. Tumor-targeting ligands, peanut agglutinin and anticarcinoembryonic antigen antibodies (αCEA), were covalently conjugated with the NIR fluorescent iron oxide-human serum albumin nanoparticles via a poly(ethylene glycol) spacer. Specific colon tumor detection was demonstrated in chicken embryo and mouse models for both nonconjugated and the peanut agglutinin-conjugated or αCEA-conjugated NIR fluorescent iron oxide-human serum albumin nanoparticles. Conclusion Conjugation of peanut agglutinin or αCEA to the nanoparticles significantly increased the fluorescence intensity of the tagged colon tumor tissues relative to the nonconjugated nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enav Corem-Salkmon
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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