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Strategies to capitalize on cell spheroid therapeutic potential for tissue repair and disease modeling. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:70. [PMID: 36494368 PMCID: PMC9734656 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies offer a tailorable, personalized treatment for use in tissue engineering to address defects arising from trauma, inefficient wound repair, or congenital malformation. However, most cell therapies have achieved limited success to date. Typically injected in solution as monodispersed cells, transplanted cells exhibit rapid cell death or insufficient retention at the site, thereby limiting their intended effects to only a few days. Spheroids, which are dense, three-dimensional (3D) aggregates of cells, enhance the beneficial effects of cell therapies by increasing and prolonging cell-cell and cell-matrix signaling. The use of spheroids is currently under investigation for many cell types. Among cells under evaluation, spheroids formed of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are particularly promising. MSC spheroids not only exhibit increased cell survival and retained differentiation, but they also secrete a potent secretome that promotes angiogenesis, reduces inflammation, and attracts endogenous host cells to promote tissue regeneration and repair. However, the clinical translation of spheroids has lagged behind promising preclinical outcomes due to hurdles in their formation, instruction, and use that have yet to be overcome. This review will describe the current state of preclinical spheroid research and highlight two key examples of spheroid use in clinically relevant disease modeling. It will highlight techniques used to instruct the phenotype and function of spheroids, describe current limitations to their use, and offer suggestions for the effective translation of cell spheroids for therapeutic treatments.
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2
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Zhang S, Tuk B, van de Peppel J, Kremers GJ, Koedam M, Pesch GR, Rahman Z, Hoogenboezem RM, Bindels EMJ, van Neck JW, Boukany PE, van Leeuwen JPTM, van der Eerden BCJ. Microfluidic evidence of synergistic effects between mesenchymal stromal cell-derived biochemical factors and biomechanical forces to control endothelial cell function. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:346-359. [PMID: 35995408 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A functional vascular system is a prerequisite for bone repair as disturbed angiogenesis often causes non-union. Paracrine factors released from human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) have angiogenic effects on endothelial cells. However, whether these paracrine factors participate in blood flow dynamics within bone capillaries remains poorly understood. Here, we used two different microfluidic designs to investigate critical steps during angiogenesis and found pronounced effects of endothelial cell proliferation as well as chemotactic and mechanotactic migration induced by BMSC conditioned medium (CM). The application of BMSC-CM in dynamic cultures demonstrates that bioactive factors in combination with fluidic flow-induced biomechanical signals significantly enhanced endothelial cell migration. Transcriptional analyses of endothelial cells demonstrate the induction of a unique gene expression profile related to tricarboxylic acid cycle and energy metabolism by the combination of BMSC-CM factors and shear stress, which opens an interesting avenue to explore during fracture healing. Our results stress the importance of in vivo - like microenvironments simultaneously including biochemical, biomechanical and oxygen levels when investigating key events during vessel repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Our results demonstrate the importance of recapitulating in vivo - like microenvironments when investigating key events during vessel repair. Endothelial cells exhibit enhanced angiogenesis characteristics when simultaneous exposing them to hMSC-CM, mechanical forces and biochemical signals simultaneously. The improved angiogenesis may not only result from the direct effect of growth factors, but also by reprogramming of endothelial cell metabolism. Moreover, with this model we demonstrated a synergistic impact of mechanical forces and biochemical factors on endothelial cell behavior and the expression of genes involved in the TCA cycle and energy metabolism, which opens an interesting new avenue to stimulate angiogenesis during fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Tuk
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke Koedam
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Georg R Pesch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology; Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Zaid Rahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology; Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Remco M Hoogenboezem
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric M J Bindels
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan W van Neck
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pouyan E Boukany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology; Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes P T M van Leeuwen
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bram C J van der Eerden
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Vakhrushev IV, Nezhurina EK, Karalkin PA, Tsvetkova AV, Sergeeva NS, Majouga AG, Yarygin KN. Heterotypic Multicellular Spheroids as Experimental and Preclinical Models of Sprouting Angiogenesis. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:18. [PMID: 35053016 PMCID: PMC8772844 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis is the common response of live tissues to physiological and pathological angiogenic stimuli. Its accurate evaluation is of utmost importance for basic research and practical medicine and pharmacology and requires adequate experimental models. A variety of assays for angiogenesis were developed, none of them perfect. In vitro approaches are generally less physiologically relevant due to the omission of essential components regulating the process. However, only in vitro models can be entirely non-xenogeneic. The limitations of the in vitro angiogenesis assays can be partially overcome using 3D models mimicking tissue O2 and nutrient gradients, the influence of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and enabling cell-cell interactions. Here we present a review of the existing models of sprouting angiogenesis that are based on the use of endothelial cells (ECs) co-cultured with perivascular or other stromal cells. This approach provides an excellent in vitro platform for further decoding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of sprouting angiogenesis under conditions close to the in vivo conditions, as well as for preclinical drug testing and preclinical research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Vakhrushev
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elizaveta K. Nezhurina
- P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, National Medical Research Radiological Center, 125284 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Pavel A. Karalkin
- Institute for Cluster Oncology, Sechenov University, 119435 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Nataliya S. Sergeeva
- Department of Biology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander G. Majouga
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies and Biomedical Products, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Konstantin N. Yarygin
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
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Vriend L, Sinkunas V, Camargo CP, van der Lei B, Harmsen MC, van Dongen JA. Extracellular matrix-derived hydrogels to augment dermal wound healing: a systematic review. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:1093-1108. [PMID: 34693732 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic, non-healing, dermal wounds form a worldwide medical problem with limited and inadequate treatment options and high societal burden and costs. With the advent of regenerative therapies exploiting extracellular matrix (ECM) components, its efficacy to augment wound healing is to be explored. This systematic review was performed to assess and compare the current therapeutic efficacy of ECM hydrogels on dermal wound healing. METHODS The electronic databases of (Embase, Medline Ovid, Cochrane Central) were searched for in vivo and clinical studies on the therapeutic effect of ECM-composed hydrogels on dermal wound healing (13th of April 2021). Two reviewers selected studies independently. Studies were assessed based on ECM content, ECM hydrogel composition, additives and wound healing outcomes such as wound size, angiogenesis and complications. RESULTS Of the 2102 publications, nine rodent-based studies were included while clinical studies were not published at the time of the search. Procedures to decellularize tissue or cultured cells and subsequently generate hydrogels were highly variable and in demand of standardization. ECM hydrogels with or without additives reduced wound size and also seem to enhance angiogenesis. Serious complications were not reported. CONCLUSION To date, preclinical studies preclude to draw firm conclusions on the efficacy and working mechanism of ECM-derived hydrogels on dermal wound healing. The use of ECM hydrogels can be considered safe. Standardization of decellularization protocols and implementation of quality and cytotoxicity controls will enable obtaining a generic and comparable ECM product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vriend
- University Medical Centre Groningen, 10173, Plastic Surgery, Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen, 3647, Pathology & Medical Biology, Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands;
| | - Viktor Sinkunas
- University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Cristina P Camargo
- University of Sao Paulo Hospital of Clinics, 117265, Plastic Surgery and Microsurgery and the Plastic Surgery Laboratory, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Berend van der Lei
- University Medical Centre Groningen, 10173, Plastic Surgery , Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Bergman Clinics Heerenveen , Plastic Surgery , Heerenveen , Netherlands;
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- University Medical Centre Groningen, 10173, Pathology & Medical Biology, Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen, 3647, Pathology & Medical Biology, Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands;
| | - Joris A van Dongen
- Utrecht University, 8125, Plastic Surgery, Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,University of Groningen, 3647, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands;
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Dong H. THREE DIMENSIONAL GAIT ANALYSIS OF EXERCISE REHABILITATION AND MUSCLE TENSION. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202127082021_0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Timely assessment and correction of post-stroke hemiplegia gait, to improve walking ability, has become an urgent problem for patients with hemiplegia. Objective: In order to improve the effect of exercise rehabilitation and tensile strength testing, a three-dimensional gait analysis method was proposed. Methods: The kinematics, dynamics, ground reaction force and surface EMG of lower limbs were measured by VICON (Nexus 1.8.5), a three-dimensional gait analysis system, and Noraxon, a wireless surface EMG, while 13 healthy subjects walked. The intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were used to compare the relative and absolute reliability of the two test results. Results: the re-testability ICC was 78~0.96, the standard error SEM% of kinematics parameters was 4.18~15.6, and the SEM% of dynamic parameters was 3.31~21.82. The SEM% of ground reaction force was 1.70~16.67, and the SEM% of surface EMG signal was 8.00~11.11. Conclusions: 3D gait analysis can improve the effect of exercise rehabilitation and tensile strength testing, and has good retesting reliability. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Dong
- Henan University of Science And Technology, China
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6
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Scheiner KC, Maas-Bakker RF, van Steenbergen MJ, Schwendeman SP, Hennink WE, Kok RJ. Post-loading of proangiogenic growth factors in PLGA microspheres. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 158:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kremer A, Wußmann M, Herrmann M, Raghunath M, Walles H. Ciclopirox olamine promotes the angiogenic response of endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:317-328. [PMID: 31006674 DOI: 10.3233/ch-190559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (PHIs) are promising compounds to promote angiogenesis by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a master regulator of angiogenesis. Increased HIF-1α presence induces expression of proangiogenic genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). OBJECTIVE We investigated the pharmacological induction of hypoxia via the PHI ciclopirox olamine (CPX) as angiogenesis strategy on human dermal microvascular endothelial cell (hd-mvEC) spheroids directly and indirectly via activating human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). METHODS HMSCs were isolated from bone marrow and hd-mvECs from foreskin biopsies. MSC-conditioned medium after CPX stimulation (MSC-CM CPX) was analyzed by VEGF ELISA and Proteome Profiler™ Human Angiogenesis Array. Direct stimulation with CPX and indirect stimulation via MSC-CM CPX were compared in sprouting assays of hd-mvEC spheroids. RESULTS Direct stimulation with CPX significantly increased sprouting of hd-mvEC spheroids. MSC-CM CPX also induced sprouting from hd-mvEC spheroids, which was mediated by angiogenic VEGF and other proangiogenic factors that had been produced by stimulated hMSCs. CONCLUSIONS The stimulation with CPX increased the proangiogenic response of hd-mvECs and hMSCs. The direct stimulation of hd-mvECs with CPX has the potential to replace external VEGF supplementation. Thus, CPX can induce angiogenesis in ECs even in the absence of auxiliary cells demonstrating a promising proangiogenic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Kremer
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maximiliane Wußmann
- Fraunhofer Translational Center Regenerative Therapies TLC-RT, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marietta Herrmann
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zuerich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Waedenswil, Switzerland.,Competence Center Tissue Engineering for Drug Discover (TEDD), ZHAW, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | - Heike Walles
- Fraunhofer Translational Center Regenerative Therapies TLC-RT, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Wuerzburg, Germany
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8
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Lee J, Lee SH, Lee BK, Park SH, Cho YS, Park Y. Fabrication of Microchannels and Evaluation of Guided Vascularization in Biomimetic Hydrogels. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:403-413. [PMID: 30603564 PMCID: PMC6171653 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fabrication of microchannels in hydrogel can facilitate the perfusion of nutrients and oxygen, which leads to guidance cues for vasculogenesis. Microchannel patterning in biomimetic hydrogels is a challenging issue for tissue regeneration because of the inherent low formability of hydrogels in a complex configuration. We fabricated microchannels using wire network molding and immobilized the angiogenic factors in the hydrogel and evaluated the vasculogenesis in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Microchannels were fabricated in a hyaluronic acid-based biomimetic hydrogel by using "wire network molding" technology. Substance P was immobilized in acrylated hyaluronic acid for angiogenic cues using Michael type addition reaction. In vitro and in vivo angiogenic activities of hydrogel with microchannels were evaluated. RESULTS In vitro cell culture experiment shows that cell viability in two experimental biomimetic hydrogels (with microchannels and microchannels + SP) was higher than that of a biomimetic hydrogel without microchannels (bulk group). Evaluation on differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in biomimetic hydrogels with fabricated microchannels shows that the differentiation of hMSC into endothelial cells was significantly increased compared with that of the bulk group. In vivo angiogenesis analysis shows that thin blood vessels of approximately 25-30 μm in diameter were observed in the microchannel group and microchannel + SP group, whereas not seen in the bulk group. CONCLUSION The strategy of fabricating microchannels in a biomimetic hydrogel and simultaneously providing a chemical cue for angiogenesis is a promising formula for large-scale tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hwan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538 Republic of Korea
| | - Bu-Kyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyug Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sam Cho
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538 Republic of Korea
| | - Yongdoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
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Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields promote mesenchymal stem cell migration by increasing intracellular Ca 2+ and activating the FAK/Rho GTPases signaling pathways in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:143. [PMID: 29784011 PMCID: PMC5963142 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to migrate to the desired tissues or lesions is crucial for stem cell-based regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Optimal therapeutics for promoting MSC migration are expected to become an effective means for tissue regeneration. Electromagnetic fields (EMF), as a noninvasive therapy, can cause a lot of biological changes in MSCs. However, whether EMF can promote MSC migration has not yet been reported. Methods We evaluated the effects of EMF on cell migration in human bone marrow-derived MSCs. With the use of Helmholtz coils and an EMF stimulator, 7.5, 15, 30, 50, and 70 Hz/1 mT EMF was generated. Additionally, we employed the l-type calcium channel blocker verapamil and the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor PF-573228 to investigate the role of intracellular calcium content, cell adhesion proteins, and the Rho GTPase protein family (RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42) in EMF-mediated MSC migration. Cell adhesion proteins (FAK, talin, and vinculin) were detected by Western blot analysis. The Rho GTPase protein family activities were assessed by G-LISA, and F-actin levels, which reflect actin cytoskeletal organization, were detected using immunofluorescence. Results All the 7.5, 15, 30, 50, and 70 Hz/1 mT EMF promoted MSC migration. EMF increased MSC migration in an intracellular calcium-dependent manner. Notably, EMF-enhanced migration was mediated by FAK activation, which was critical for the formation of focal contacts, as evidenced by increased talin and vinculin expression. Moreover, RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 were activated by FAK to increase cytoskeletal organization, thus promoting cell contraction. Conclusions EMF promoted MSC migration by increasing intracellular calcium and activating the FAK/Rho GTPase signaling pathways. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of MSC migration and will enable the rational design of targeted therapies to improve MSC engraftment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0883-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Gharaei MA, Xue Y, Mustafa K, Lie SA, Fristad I. Human dental pulp stromal cell conditioned medium alters endothelial cell behavior. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:69. [PMID: 29562913 PMCID: PMC5861606 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is of utmost importance for tissue regeneration and repair. Human dental pulp stromal cells (hDPSCs) possess angiogenic potential, as they secrete paracrine factors that may alter the host microenvironment. However, more insight into how hDPSCs guide endothelial cells (ECs) in a paracrine fashion is yet to be obtained. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effect(s) of conditioned medium derived from hDPSCs (hDPSC-CM) on EC behavior in vitro. Methods hDPSCs were harvested from third molars scheduled for surgical removal under informed consent. The angiogenic profile of hDPSC-CM was identified using human angiogenesis antibody array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and ELISA, the mRNA and protein expression level of specific angiogenic biomarkers was determined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to hDPSC-CM. The effect of hDPSC-CM on HUVEC attachment, proliferation and migration was evaluated by crystal violet staining, MTT, transwell migration along with real-time cell monitoring assays (xCELLigence; ACEA Biosciences, Inc.). A Matrigel assay was included to examine the influence of hDPSC-CM on HUVEC network formation. Endothelial growth medium (EGM-2) and EGM-2 supplemented with hDPSC-CM served as experimental groups, whereas endothelial basal medium (EBM-2) was set as negative control. Results A wide range of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase protein 1, plasminogen activator inhibitor (serpin E1), urokinase plasminogen activator and stromal cell-derived factor 1, was abundantly detected in hDPSC-CM by protein profiling array and ELISA. hDPSC-CM significantly accelerated the adhesion phases, from sedimentation to attachment and spreading, the proliferation rate and migration of HUVECs as shown in both endpoint assays and real-time cell analysis recordings. Furthermore, Matrigel assay demonstrated that hDPSC-CM stimulated tubulogenesis, affecting angiogenic parameters such as the number of nodes, meshes and total tube length. Conclusions The sustained proangiogenic and promaturation effects of hDPSC-CM shown in this in vitro study strongly suggest that the trophic factors released by hDPSCs are able to trigger pronounced angiogenic responses, even beyond EGM-2 considered as an optimal culture condition for ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gharaei
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Y Xue
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - S A Lie
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Fristad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, N-5009, Bergen, Norway.
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Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Stem-Cell Spheroids Created From a Coculture of Stem Cells and Endothelial Cells. IMPLANT DENT 2017; 26:922-928. [PMID: 29111993 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was performed to fabricate stem-cell spheroids formed with human gingiva-derived stem cells and endothelial cells and to evaluate their viability and osteogenic differentiation potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gingiva-derived stem cells were isolated, and stem cells and endothelial cells with a total of 6 × 10 cells were seeded into concave micromolds with different ratios of 6:0 (group 1), 4:2 (group 2), 3:3 (group 3), and 2:4 (group 4). RESULTS Gingiva-derived stem cells and/or endothelia cells formed spheroids in concave microwells. There was a decreasing trend in the diameter of spheroids with increasing amounts of endothelial cells, but there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. The secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor from the spheroids was noted. The results of the alkaline phosphatase activity assays showed significantly higher values for groups 2, 3, and 4 when compared with the value of group 1. CONCLUSIONS Conclusively, stem-cell spheroids formed with human gingiva-derived stem cells and endothelial cells using concave microwells enhanced osteogenic differentiation potential, and multicell spheroid-based cell delivery could be a simple and effective strategy for improving stem-cell therapy.
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12
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Cheng R, Cai XR, Ke K, Chen YL. Notch4 inhibition suppresses invasion and vasculogenic mimicry formation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Curr Med Sci 2017; 37:719-725. [PMID: 29058285 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a process by which aggressive tumor cells generate non-endothelial cell-lined channels in malignant tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has provided new insights into tumor behavior and has surfaced as a potential target for drug therapy. The molecular events underlying the process of VM formation are still poorly understood. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the relationship between Notch4 and VM formation in HCC. An effective siRNA lentiviral vector targeting Notch4 was constructed and transfected into Bel7402, a HCC cell line. VM networks were observed with a microscope in a 3 dimensional cell culture system. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated using wound healing and transwell assays. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity was detected by gelatin zymography. Furthermore, the role of Notch4 inhibition in Bel7402 cells in vivo was examined in subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of mice. The results showed that downregulation of Notch4 destroyed VM network formation and inhibited migration and invasion of tumor cells in vitro (P<0.05). In vivo, tumor growth was also inhibited in subcutaneous xenograft model (P<0.05). The potential mechanisms might be related with down-regulation of MT1-MMP, MMP-2, MMP-9 expression and inhibition of the activation of MMP2 and MMP9. These results indicated that Notch4 may play an important role in VM formation and tumor invasion in HCC. Related molecular pathways may be used as novel therapeutic targets for HCC antiangiogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xin-Ran Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Kun Ke
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yan-Ling Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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