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Szukiewicz D. CX3CL1 (Fractalkine)-CX3CR1 Axis in Inflammation-Induced Angiogenesis and Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4679. [PMID: 38731899 PMCID: PMC11083509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemotactic cytokine fractalkine (FKN, chemokine CX3CL1) has unique properties resulting from the combination of chemoattractants and adhesion molecules. The soluble form (sFKN) has chemotactic properties and strongly attracts T cells and monocytes. The membrane-bound form (mFKN) facilitates diapedesis and is responsible for cell-to-cell adhesion, especially by promoting the strong adhesion of leukocytes (monocytes) to activated endothelial cells with the subsequent formation of an extracellular matrix and angiogenesis. FKN signaling occurs via CX3CR1, which is the only known member of the CX3C chemokine receptor subfamily. Signaling within the FKN-CX3CR1 axis plays an important role in many processes related to inflammation and the immune response, which often occur simultaneously and overlap. FKN is strongly upregulated by hypoxia and/or inflammation-induced inflammatory cytokine release, and it may act locally as a key angiogenic factor in the highly hypoxic tumor microenvironment. The importance of the FKN/CX3CR1 signaling pathway in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis results from its influence on cell adhesion, apoptosis, and cell migration. This review presents the role of the FKN signaling pathway in the context of angiogenesis in inflammation and cancer. The mechanisms determining the pro- or anti-tumor effects are presented, which are the cause of the seemingly contradictory results that create confusion regarding the therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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Liu X, Zhou M, Tan J, Ma L, Tang H, He G, Tao X, Guo L, Kang X, Tang K, Bian X. Inhibition of CX3CL1 by treadmill training prevents osteoclast-induced fibrocartilage complex resorption during TBI healing. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1295163. [PMID: 38283363 PMCID: PMC10811130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1295163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The healing of tendon-bone injuries is very difficult, often resulting in poor biomechanical performance and unsatisfactory functional recovery. The tendon-bone insertion has a complex four distinct layers structure, and previous studies have often focused on promoting the regeneration of the fibrocartilage layer, neglecting the role of its bone end repair in tendon-bone healing. This study focuses on the role of treadmill training in promoting bone regeneration at the tendon-bone insertion and its related mechanisms. Methods After establishing the tendon-bone insertion injury model, the effect of treadmill training on tendon-bone healing was verified by Micro CT and HE staining; then the effect of CX3CL1 on osteoclast differentiation was verified by TRAP staining and cell culture; and finally the functional recovery of the mice was verified by biomechanical testing and behavioral test. Results Treadmill training suppresses the secretion of CX3CL1 and inhibits the differentiation of local osteoclasts after tendon-bone injury, ultimately reducing osteolysis and promoting tendon bone healing. Discussion Our research has found the interaction between treadmill training and the CX3CL1-C3CR1 axis, providing a certain theoretical basis for rehabilitation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jindong Tan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang He
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Tao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Kang
- Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kanglai Tang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuting Bian
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Tanaka Y, Takeuchi T, Yamanaka H, Nanki T, Umehara H, Yasuda N, Tago F, Kitahara Y, Kawakubo M, Torii K, Hojo S, Kawano T, Imai T. Long-term safety and efficacy of E6011, an anti-fractalkine monoclonal antibody, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis inadequately responding to methotrexate. Mod Rheumatol 2023; 34:37-44. [PMID: 36680426 DOI: 10.1093/mr/road004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of E6011, a humanized anti-fractalkine monoclonal antibody, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with an inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX). METHODS Active RA patients with an inadequate response to MTX were randomly assigned to the E6011 or placebo group and received the study drug subcutaneously every 2 weeks during a 24-week double-blind study period. Subjects who completed evaluations at Week 24 were rolled over into the extension phase and received open-label E6011 (200 or 400 mg) every 2 weeks until Week 102. The safety analysis was conducted up to Week 104, and the efficacy analysis was conducted up to Week 84. RESULTS A total of 169 subjects completed the double-blind treatment phase and were rolled over into the extension phase. In total, 167 (98.8%) subjects experienced any adverse events, and the incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 56.2%. The American College of Rheumatology 20 response rates were observed between 40 and 70% during the extension phase. CONCLUSIONS E6011 was safe and well tolerated with no notable safety concerns up to 102 weeks in RA patients with an inadequate response to MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Tanaka
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisanori Umehara
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nagahama City Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yasuda
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan
- Eisai Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tetsu Kawano
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan
- Gastroenterology, Nichinan-City Chubu Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshio Imai
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan
- Advanced Therapeutic Target Discovery, Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
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Germano DB, Oliveira SB, Bachi ALL, Juliano Y, Novo NF, Bussador do Amaral J, França CN. Monocyte chemokine receptors as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. Immunol Lett 2023; 256-257:1-8. [PMID: 36893859 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are fundamental in many processes related to cardiovascular diseases, such as monocyte migration to vessel walls, cell adhesion, and angiogenesis, among others. Even though many experimental studies have shown the utility of blocking these receptors or their ligands in the treatment of atherosclerosis, the findings in clinical research are still poor. Thus, in the current review we aimed to describe some promising results concerning the blockade of chemokine receptors as therapeutic targets in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and also to discuss some challenges that need to be overcome before using these strategies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yára Juliano
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neil Ferreira Novo
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Bussador do Amaral
- ENT Research Laboratory, Otorhinolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery Department, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nunes França
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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