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Matsuoka M, Onodera T, Iwasaki K, Hamasaki M, Ebata T, Hosokawa Y, Fukuda R, Kondo E, Iwasaki N. Analysis of foot-originating malignant bone tumors: Epidemiology, characteristics, and survival outcomes. Foot Ankle Surg 2024:S1268-7731(24)00117-6. [PMID: 38849215 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2024.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study examines the characteristics and outcomes of foot-originating malignant bone tumors via Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database analysis. METHODS A retrospective review of 14,695 malignant bone tumor cases from 2000 to 2019 was conducted. RESULTS Of the eligible cases, 147 (2.3 %) were foot-origin tumors, typically smaller and more commonly treated with surgery than those in other locations. These tumors were more frequently treated with surgical resection, with a higher proportion undergoing amputation. In contrast, foot-origin tumors were less often managed with chemotherapy and radiation. Foot-origin tumors exhibited higher survival rates compared to non-foot-origin tumors as shown in univariate analysis, although multivariate analysis did not reflect significant differences. CONCLUSION Foot-originating malignant bone tumors tend to be smaller and are frequently surgically treated, correlating with favorable survival outcomes. These findings point to early detection as a potential factor in the improved survival rates, not necessarily the tumor's origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatake Matsuoka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Koji Iwasaki
- Department of Functional Reconstruction for the Knee Joint, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Masanari Hamasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Taku Ebata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Hosokawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Fukuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Eiji Kondo
- Centre for Sports Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, North 14 West 5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan.
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
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Sun C, Li S, Ding J. Biomaterials-Boosted Immunotherapy for Osteosarcoma. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400864. [PMID: 38771618 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumor that emanates from mesenchymal cells, commonly found in the epiphyseal end of long bones. The highly recurrent and metastatic nature of OS poses significant challenges to the efficacy of treatment and negatively affects patient prognosis. Currently, available clinical treatment strategies primarily focus on maximizing tumor resection and reducing localized symptoms rather than the complete eradication of malignant tumor cells to achieve ideal outcomes. The biomaterials-boosted immunotherapy for OS is characterized by high effectiveness and a favorable safety profile. This therapeutic approach manipulates the tumor microenvironments at the cellular and molecular levels to impede tumor progression. This review delves into the mechanisms underlying the treatment of OS, emphasizing biomaterials-enhanced tumor immunity. Moreover, it summarizes the immune cell phenotype and tumor microenvironment regulation, along with the ability of immune checkpoint blockade to activate the autoimmune system. Gaining a profound comprehension of biomaterials-boosted OS immunotherapy is imperative to explore more efficacious immunotherapy protocols and treatment options in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130061, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130061, P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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Liu S, Pan H, Wu S, Li S, Sun J, Ren T, Li Z, Zhou J. Diagnostic Value of Dual-Energy CT Virtual Non-Calcium and Rho/Z Images for Bone Marrow Infiltration in Primary Malignant Bone Tumors. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:1659-1666. [PMID: 36371375 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES We investigated the diagnostic performance of dual-energy CT (DECT) virtual non-calcium (VNCa) and Rho/Z images for bone marrow infiltration of primary malignant bone tumors (PMBTs). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 65 patients with PMBT who underwent DECT and MRI within 2 weeks. DECT was used to evaluate the presence and extent of marrow involvement surrounding PMBTs using the SCT, VNCa, and Rho/Z images. MRI was used as the reference standard for measurements. CT values of normal and involved bone marrow areas were measured on VNCa images, and Zeff values were measured on Rho/Z images. The statistical methods used were the 2*C chi-square test, ANOVA test, paired samples t test, and diagnostic performance of the different variables were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS VNCa and Rho/Z images showed higher accuracy (91%, 92% vs. 67%) and sensitivity (90%, 92% vs. 69%) than SCT images for diagnosing bone marrow infiltration in patients with PMBT. The maximum longitudinal diameter of tumor involvement measurements was statistically different between VNCa and SCT, Rho/Z and SCT, MRI, and SCT (all p < 0.05, p = 0.047, p = 0.049, and p = 0.023, respectively). The maximum transverse diameter was statistically significant between SCT and MRI, VNCa and MRI, Rho/Z and MRI (all p < 0.05, and p = 0.015, and p = 0.044, and p = 0.047, respectively). The HU or Zeff values based on the area of interest of VNCa and Rho/Z images differed significantly between the normal and infiltrated bone marrow area (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed area under the curves of 0.995 and 0.988, respectively, with cut-off values of -31.57 HU and 7.8, and the sensitivity of both was 96.9%. CONCLUSION DECT-VNCa and Rho/Z images have good diagnostic value when evaluating bone marrow infiltration in PMBTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Second clinical school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haojie Pan
- Second clinical school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shijie Wu
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Shenglin Li
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Second clinical school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Second clinical school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tiezhu Ren
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Second clinical school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengxiao Li
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Second clinical school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junlin Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Second clinical school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China.
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Gao Y, Luo L, Qu Y, Zhou Q. MFNG is an independent prognostic marker for osteosarcoma. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:256. [PMID: 37496053 PMCID: PMC10369729 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) has been the most common malignancy of the bone in children and adolescents, and the unsatisfactory prognosis of OS sufferers has long been a hard nut. Here, we delved into the markers with a prognostic value for predicting the prognosis of OS patients. METHODS The messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing data and clinical data of OS were retrieved from a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset (GSE39058). Next, prognosis-related genes (PRGs) were filtered with the aid of Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves and Cox regression analysis (CRA). Later, Gene Ontology (GO) biological process analysis was used in verifying the function of different genes. CCK-8 and cell apoptosis assay were performed to evaluate the function of MFNG in U2OS cells. RESULTS Among the obtained genes, Manic Fringe (MFNG) had the closest relevance to prognosis and clinical traits, thus becoming the research object herein. In light of the expression level of MFNG, patients fell into high- and low-MFNG groups. Patients with elevated MFNG expression had a worse prognosis, according to the survival analysis. It was unveiled by the univariate and multivariate analyses that MFNG expression was an independent adverse prognostic factor for disease-free survival in OS patients (p = 0.006). Meanwhile, MFNG expression was linked to gender and tumor recurrence, and it was higher in patients with OS recurrence. Moreover, overexpression of MFNG promoted the cell proliferation and inhibited the cell apoptosis of U2OS cells. CONCLUSIONS The expression level of MFNG negatively correlated with OS progression, and as an independent adverse prognostic factor for disease-free survival in OS patients. Moreover, MFNG regulated the cell proliferation and apoptosis of OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 25 Heping Bei Lu, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 25 Heping Bei Lu, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxing Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 25 Heping Bei Lu, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 25 Heping Bei Lu, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang Y, Yu P, Liu F, Wang Y, Zhu J. Clinical value of ultrasound for the evaluation of local recurrence of primary bone tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:902317. [PMID: 36185277 PMCID: PMC9520522 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.902317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early detection of local recurrence would improve the survival rate of patients with recurrent bone tumors. There is still no consensus on how to follow up after surgery of primary malignant bone tumors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasound (US) for local recurrence after limb salvage by comparing it with other imaging modalities. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were regularly examined by US in our hospital after primary bone tumor surgery from January 2016 to December 2019, some of which underwent x-ray, computed tomography (CT), or 99mTc-MDP bone scan. Recurrence was determined by pathologic confirmation. The cases were considered a true negative for no recurrence if no clinical or pathologic evidence for recurrence was found at least 6 months after the US examination. The Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used to compare categorical data. p-values < 0.0083 were considered statistically significant. Results A total of 288 cases were finally enrolled in our research, including 66 cases with pathologic results. The sensitivity of US was 95.0%, higher than that of x-ray (29.6%) (p = 0.000). The accuracy of US was 96.9%, higher than that of x-ray (85.6%) (p = 0.000). Conclusion As a nonradiative and cost-effective examination, US may be used as a routine imaging method for postoperative surveillance of primary bone tumors, especially those with metal implants, if more multicenter prospective studies can be done in the future.
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Vergnaud F, Kesse X, Jacobs A, Perton F, Begin-Colin S, Mertz D, Descamps S, Vichery C, Nedelec JM. Magnetic bioactive glass nano-heterostructures: a deeper insight into magnetic hyperthermia properties in the scope of bone cancer treatment. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3993-4007. [PMID: 35723414 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary bone cancers commonly involve surgery to remove the malignant tumor, complemented with a postoperative treatment to prevent cancer resurgence. Studies on magnetic hyperthermia, used as a single treatment or in synergy with chemo- or radiotherapy, have shown remarkable success in the past few decades. Multifunctional biomaterials with bone healing ability coupled with hyperthermia property could thus be of great interest to repair critical bone defects resulting from tumor resection. For this purpose, we designed superparamagnetic and bioactive nanoparticles (NPs) based on iron oxide cores (γ-Fe2O3) encapsulated in a bioactive glass (SiO2-CaO) shell. Nanometric heterostructures (122 ± 12 nm) were obtained through a two-step process: co-precipitation of 16 nm sized iron oxide NPs, followed by the growth of a bioactive glass shell via a modified Stöber method. Their bioactivity was confirmed by hydroxyapatite growth in simulated body fluid, and cytotoxicity assays showed they induced no significant death of human mesenchymal stem cells after 7 days. Calorimetric measurements were carried out under a wide range of alternating magnetic field amplitudes and frequencies, considering clinically relevant parameters, and some were made in viscous medium (agar) to mimic the implantation conditions. The experimental specific loss power was predictable with respect to the Linear Response Theory, and showed a maximal value of 767 ± 77 W gFe-1 (769 kHz, 23.9 kA m-1 in water). An interesting value of 166 ± 24 W gFe-1 was obtained under clinically relevant conditions (157 kHz, 23.9 kA m-1) for the heterostructures immobilized in agar. The good biocompatibility, bioactivity and heating ability suggest that these γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-CaO NPs are a promising biomaterial to be used as it is or included in a scaffold to heal bone defects resulting from bone tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florestan Vergnaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Xavier Kesse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Aurélie Jacobs
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Francis Perton
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Sylvie Begin-Colin
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Damien Mertz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Stéphane Descamps
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charlotte Vichery
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Nedelec
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Patel U, Abernathy J, Savani BN, Oluwole O, Sengsayadeth S, Dholaria B. CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors: A review of current clinical trials. EJHAEM 2022; 3:24-31. [PMID: 35844304 PMCID: PMC9175685 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has made tremendous strides in the arena of hematological malignancies with approved therapies in certain leukemias, lymphomas, and recently myeloma with overall highly favorable response rates. While numerous clinical studies are still ongoing for hematological malignancies, research is developing to translate the feasibility of CAR T therapy in solid organ malignancies. Unfortunately, the majority of diagnosed cancers are primarily solid tumors. Thus, a highly unmet clinical need for further research and development exists in this field. This review article highlights currently active clinical trials and a few pertinent preclinical studies involving CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors while briefly discussing study outcomes and potential key targets that may allow for the feasibility of this therapy option. Finally, we mention critical challenges existing in the solid tumor environment and discuss developing strategies that may potentially overcome the existing barriers to CAR T cell progress in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi Patel
- College of PharmacyThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - John Abernathy
- College of MedicineThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Bipin N Savani
- Department of Hematology‐ OncologyVanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Olalekan Oluwole
- Department of Hematology‐ OncologyVanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Salyka Sengsayadeth
- Department of Hematology‐ OncologyVanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Bhagirathbhai Dholaria
- Department of Hematology‐ OncologyVanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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Ouchi S, Niiyama E, Sugo K, Uto K, Takenaka S, Kikuchi A, Ebara M. Shape-memory balloon offering simultaneous thermo/chemotherapies to improve anti-osteosarcoma efficacy. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6957-6965. [PMID: 34546257 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00780g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes a shape-memory balloon (SMB) to improve bone cement injection efficiency and postoperative thermo/chemotherapy for bone tumors. The SMB consists of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), an anticancer drug (doxorubicin, DOX), and heat-generating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The balloon shape is fabricated in a mold by crosslinking PCL macromonomers with DOX and MNPs. The mechanical properties and shape-transition temperature (approximately 40 °C) of the SMB are modulated by adjusting the molecular weight of PCL and the crosslinking density. This allows safe inflation at the affected site with a 400% expansion rate by simple blow molding. The expanded shape is temporarily memorized at 37 °C, and the computed tomography image shows that the bone cement is successfully injected without extra pressure or leakage. The SMB releases DOX for over 4 weeks, allowing a prolonged effect at the local site. The local dosing is constant as the medication is continuously released, demonstrating an ON-OFF switchable heating/cooling response to alternating magnetic field irradiation. In vitro cytotoxic studies have demonstrated that heat generation/drug release and only drug release from the balloon kill approximately 99% and 60% of human osteosarcoma cells, respectively. The proposed SMB is promising in postoperative local thermo/chemotherapy for bone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosuke Ouchi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan. .,Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Eri Niiyama
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan. .,Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ken Sugo
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan. .,Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Koichiro Uto
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Takenaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kikuchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ebara
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan. .,Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.,Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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Lin Z, Wu Z, Luo W. A Novel Treatment for Ewing's Sarcoma: Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707211. [PMID: 34566963 PMCID: PMC8461297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) is a malignant and aggressive tumor type that predominantly occurs in children and adolescents. Traditional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, while successful in the early disease stages, are ineffective in patients with metastases and relapses who often have poor prognosis. Therefore, new treatments for EWS are needed to improve patient's outcomes. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells therapy, a novel adoptive immunotherapy, has been developing over the past few decades, and is increasingly popular in researches and treatments of various cancers. CAR-T cell therapy has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. Recently, this therapeutic approach has been employed for solid tumors including EWS. In this review, we summarize the safety, specificity and clinical transformation of the treatment targets of EWS, and point out the directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Traylor JI, Pernik MN, Plitt AR, Lim M, Garzon-Muvdi T. Immunotherapy for Chordoma and Chondrosarcoma: Current Evidence. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2408. [PMID: 34067530 PMCID: PMC8156915 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordomas and chondrosarcomas are rare but devastating neoplasms that are characterized by chemoradiation resistance. For both tumors, surgical resection is the cornerstone of management. Immunotherapy agents are increasingly improving outcomes in multiple cancer subtypes and are being explored in chordoma and chondrosarcoma alike. In chordoma, brachyury has been identified as a prominent biomarker and potential molecular immunotherapy target as well as PD-1 inhibition. While studies on immunotherapy in chondrosarcoma are sparse, there is emerging evidence and ongoing clinical trials for PD-1 as well as IDH inhibitors. This review highlights potential biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy in chordoma and chondrosarcoma, as well as current clinical evidence and ongoing trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I. Traylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (J.I.T.); (M.N.P.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Mark N. Pernik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (J.I.T.); (M.N.P.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Aaron R. Plitt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (J.I.T.); (M.N.P.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Tomas Garzon-Muvdi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (J.I.T.); (M.N.P.); (A.R.P.)
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Pushpam D, Garg V, Ganguly S, Biswas B. Management of Refractory Pediatric Sarcoma: Current Challenges and Future Prospects. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:5093-5112. [PMID: 32606731 PMCID: PMC7293381 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s193363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Paediatric sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of disorders constituting bone sarcoma and various soft tissue sarcomas. Almost one-third of these presents with metastasis at baseline and another one-third recur after initial curative treatment. There is a huge unmet need in this cohort in terms of curative options and/or prolongation of survival. In this review, we have discussed the current treatment options, challenges and future strategies of managing relapsed/refractory paediatric sarcomas. Upfront risk-adapted treatment with multidisciplinary management remains the main strategy to prevent future recurrence or relapse of the disease. In the case of limited local and/or systemic relapse or late relapse, initial multimodality management can be administered. In treatment-refractory cases or where cure is not feasible, the treatment options are limited to novel therapeutics, immunotherapeutic approach, targeted therapies, and metronomic therapies. A better understanding of disease biology, mechanism of treatment refractoriness, identifications of driver mutation, the discovery of novel targeted therapies, cellular vaccine and adapted therapies should be explored in relapsed/refractory cases. Close national and international collaboration for translation research is needed to fulfil the unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vikas Garg
- Department of Medical Oncology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandip Ganguly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Bivas Biswas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
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De Martinis M, Sirufo MM, Suppa M, Ginaldi L. IL-33/IL-31 Axis in Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1239. [PMID: 32069819 PMCID: PMC7072890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the immunoskeletal interface has led to the discovery of numerous cytokines involved in the regulation of bone remodeling, providing valuable information on the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The role of inflammatory cytokines of the Th1 and Th17 profile in osteoporosis is well known. Here we focus on two newly discovered Th2 cytokines, IL-31 and IL-33, whose implications in osteoporosis are recently emerging. Clinical and experimental observations suggest an important role of the IL-33/IL-31 axis in osteoporosis. IL-33 induces IL-31 secretion by Th2 cells and inhibits RANKL-dependent osteoclastogenesis, thus counteracting bone loss. IL-31 influences Th1/Th17 osteoclastogenetic inflammation and limits Th2 osteoprotective processes, thus favoring osteoporosis. Better knowledge of the role of IL-31 and IL-33 and their receptor complexes in osteoporosis could provide an interesting perspective for the development of new and more effective therapies, possibly with less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo De Martinis
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Mariano Suppa
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Lia Ginaldi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 64100 Teramo, Italy
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