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Species differences between rat and human in vitro metabolite profile, in vivo predicted clearance, CYP450 inhibition and CYP450 isoforms that metabolize benzanthrone: Implications in risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 111:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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A novel function of TLR4 in mediating the immunomodulatory effect of Benzanthrone, an environmental pollutant. Toxicol Lett 2017; 276:69-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Tewari P, Roy R, Mishra S, Mandal P, Yadav A, Chaudhari BP, Chaturvedi RK, Dwivedi PD, Tripathi A, Das M. Benzanthrone induced immunotoxicity via oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in Balb/c mice. Immunobiology 2014; 220:369-81. [PMID: 25454808 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Benzanthrone (BA) is an important dye intermediate which is used in the manufacturing of several polycyclic vat and disperse dyes in textile industries. Several studies have indicated that the general population is also exposed to BA owing to its release from furnace effluents and automobile exhausts in the environment. In several clinical studies, it has been shown that workers exposed to BA developed itching, burning sensation, erythema and hyperpigmentation of the skin, which could be an outcome of the dysregulated immune response. In this study, we have used female Balb/c mice as a model to study the immuno-inflammatory changes after systemic administration of BA (7.5mg/kgb.w. and 15mg/kgb.w.) for one week. BA exposed animals exhibited the signs of intense systemic inflammation as evident by enhanced DTH response, MPO activity, hyperplastic and dysplastic histopathological organization of spleen and lung tissue. Splenic evaluation revealed enhanced oxidative stress, upregulation of prominent inflammatory markers like iNOS and COX-2 and DNA damage. In coherence with the observed immuno-inflammatory alterations, the levels of several inflammatory and regulatory cytokines (IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-10, IL-4) were significantly enhanced in serum as well as the spleen. In addition, BA administration significantly induced the activation of ERK1/2, p38, JNK MAPKs and their downstream transcription factors AP-1 (c-fos, c-jun), NF-κB and Nrf2 which comprise important mechanistic pathways involved in inflammatory manifestations. These results suggest the immunotoxic nature of the BA and have implications for the risk assessment and management of occupational workers, and even common masses considering its presence as an environmental contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Tewari
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Roy
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sakshi Mishra
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India
| | - Payal Mandal
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Yadav
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India
| | - Bhushan P Chaudhari
- Pathology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Rajnish K Chaturvedi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India; Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India
| | - Premendra D Dwivedi
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Tripathi
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India.
| | - Mukul Das
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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Dwivedi N, Das M, Joshi A, Singh GB, Khanna SK. Modulation by ascorbic acid of the cutaneous and hepatic biochemical effects induced by topically applied benzanthrone in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 1993; 31:503-8. [PMID: 8340029 DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(93)90110-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of biochemical markers by ascorbic acid was investigated in mice to which benzanthrone (BA) was applied topically (150 nmol/mouse) twice a week for 34 wk. After BA exposure without ascorbic acid, in the skin there were significant decreases in the activities of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH; 38% decrease relative to controls) and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD; 39%), and enhancement of the activities of quinone reductase (41% increase), tyrosinase (82%) and histidine decarboxylase (HDC; 190%). BA exposure also caused significant inhibition of hepatic AHH, EROD and glutathione-S-transferase activities, with concomitant increases in the activities of histidase (52%) and HDC (58%). Ascorbic acid given orally (5 mg/mouse) or topically (1 mg/mouse) twice weekly for 34 wk to BA-treated mice resulted in substantial protection against the effects of BA on these enzyme markers in both the skin and the liver. These results suggest that ascorbic acid could be useful in preventing the biochemical and toxicological manifestations caused by BA in laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dwivedi
- Dyes and Food Adulterant Toxicology Laboratory, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, India
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Garg K, Khanna SK, Das M, Singh GB. Effect of extraneous supplementation of ascorbic acid on the bio-disposition of benzanthrone in guinea pigs. Food Chem Toxicol 1992; 30:967-71. [PMID: 1473790 DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(92)90182-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The bio-elimination and organ retention of orally administered [14C]benzanthrone, an anthraquinone dye intermediate, were determined in control and ascorbic acid-supplemented guinea pigs. Urinary excretion of benzanthrone in control and ascorbic acid-treated animals during 96 hr was 27.9 and 30.5%, respectively, with peak elimination at 48 hr. Faecal elimination in control and supplemented animals during 96 hr was 24.5 and 38.8%, respectively, with a peak at 48 hr. The organ retention of radiolabelled benzanthrone at the end of 96 hr was of the order of 39% in control animals (gastro-intestinal tract 16%; liver 22%; testis 1.2%); ascorbic acid supplementation reduced benzanthrone retention to 19.5% (gastro-intestinal tract 12.7%; liver 6.8%). Overall, pretreatment of guinea pigs with ascorbic acid caused a 32% enhancement in the clearance of radiolabelled benzanthrone through the urine and faeces, while organ retention was reduced by about 50%. A prophylactic dose of ascorbic acid may prevent benzanthrone-induced toxic symptoms in exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Garg
- Dyes and Food Adulterant Toxicology Laboratory, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, India
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Garg K, Khanna SK, Das M, Singh GB. Comparative study of the biodisposition of benzanthrone in different rodent species. Food Chem Toxicol 1992; 30:517-20. [PMID: 1500037 DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(92)90103-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The bio-elimination and organ retention of [14C]benzanthrone, an anthraquinone dye intermediate, were determined in rats, mice and guinea pigs. Urinary excretion of benzanthrone during 96 hr was higher in guinea pigs (28%) compared with rats and mice (19%). However, faecal elimination during 96 hr was higher in rats (39%) and mice (42%) than in guinea pigs (25%). Urinary elimination of benzanthrone in rats and mice was highest between 12 and 24 hr, while guinea pigs showed a peak value between 24 and 48 hr. The maximum amount of radiolabelled benzanthrone was eliminated through faeces at 24-48 hr in all the three animal species. The retention of [14C]benzanthrone in the liver was comparable in rats (11.2%) and mice (11.9%), while in guinea pigs it was substantially higher (21.9%). The testes of rats and mice were devoid of radioactivity, whereas those of guinea pigs showed a marginal retention (1.25%) of 14C. The present study suggests that guinea pigs are more prone to benzanthrone toxicity than are rats and mice since the bio-elimination of this compound is slower and its organ retention is higher in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Garg
- Dyes and Food Adulterant Toxicology Laboratory, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, India
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