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Zorko M, Jones S, Langel Ü. Cell-penetrating peptides in protein mimicry and cancer therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114044. [PMID: 34774552 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research has been undertaken in the pursuit of anticancer therapeutics. Many anticancer drugs require specificity of delivery to cancer cells, whilst sparing healthy tissue. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), now well established as facilitators of intracellular delivery, have in recent years advanced to incorporate target specificity and thus possess great potential for the targeted delivery of anticancer cargoes. Though none have yet been approved for clinical use, this novel technology has already entered clinical trials. In this review we present CPPs, discuss their classification, mechanisms of cargo internalization and highlight strategies for conjugation to anticancer moieties including their incorporation into therapeutic proteins. As the mainstay of this review, strategies to build specificity into tumor targeting CPP constructs through exploitation of the tumor microenvironment and the use of tumor homing peptides are discussed, whilst acknowledging the extensive contribution made by CPP constructs to target specific protein-protein interactions integral to intracellular signaling pathways associated with tumor cell survival and progression. Finally, antibody/antigen CPP conjugates and their potential roles in cancer immunotherapy and diagnostics are considered. In summary, this review aims to harness the potential of CPP-aided drug delivery for future cancer therapies and diagnostics whilst highlighting some of the most recent achievements in selective delivery of anticancer drugs, including cytostatic drugs, to a range of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Zorko
- University of Ljubljana, Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sarah Jones
- University of Wolverhampton, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Ülo Langel
- University of Stockholm, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Svante Arrhenius väg 16, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, Estonia 50411, Estonia.
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Abstract
In this introductory chapter, we first define cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), give short overview of CPP history and discuss several aspects of CPP classification. Next section is devoted to the mechanism of CPP penetration into the cells, where direct and endocytic internalization of CPP is explained. Kinetics of internalization is discussed more extensively, since this topic is not discussed in other chapters of this book. At the end of this section some features of the thermodynamics of CPP interaction with the membrane is also presented. Finally, we present different cargoes that can be transferred into the cells by CPPs and briefly discuss the effect of cargo on the rate and efficiency of penetration into the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Zorko
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ülo Langel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Reissmann S, Filatova MP. New generation of cell‐penetrating peptides: Functionality and potential clinical application. J Pept Sci 2021; 27:e3300. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siegmund Reissmann
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Friedrich Schiller University Dornburger Str. 25 Jena Thueringia 07743 Germany
| | - Margarita P. Filatova
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
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Tansi FL, Filatova MP, Koroev DO, Volpina OM, Lange S, Schumann C, Teichgräber UK, Reissmann S, Hilger I. New generation CPPs show distinct selectivity for cancer and noncancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:6528-6541. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felista L. Tansi
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Jena University Hospital Jena Germany
| | - Margarita P. Filatova
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitri O. Koroev
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Olga M. Volpina
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | | | | | - Ulf K. Teichgräber
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Jena University Hospital Jena Germany
| | - Siegmund Reissmann
- Jena Bioscience GmbH Jena Germany
- Centrum of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Germany
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Jena University Hospital Jena Germany
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Xiao Q, Chen T, Chen S. Fluorescent contrast agents for tumor surgery. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1577-1585. [PMID: 30186374 PMCID: PMC6122374 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of cases of mortality worldwide. The most effective method to cure solid tumors is surgery. Every year, >50% of cancer patients receive surgery to remove solid tumors. Surgery may increase the cure rate of most solid tumors by 4–11 fold. Surgery has many challenges, including identifying small lesions, locating metastases and confirming complete tumor removal. Fluorescence guidance describes a new approach to improve surgical accuracy. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging allows for real-time early diagnosis and intraoperative imaging of lesion tissue. The results of previous preclinical studies in the field of near-infrared fluorescence imaging are promising. This review provides examples introducing the three kinds of fluorescent dyes: The passive fluorescent dye indocyanine green, which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in the USA, the fluorescent prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid, a porphyrin precursor in the heme synthesis, and biomarker-targeted fluorescent dyes, which allow conjugation to different target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xiao
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Tianming Chen
- Department of Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Kumar M, Tegge W, Wangoo N, Jain R, Sharma RK. Insights into cell penetrating peptide conjugated gold nanoparticles for internalization into bacterial cells. Biophys Chem 2018; 237:38-46. [PMID: 29656216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with different biomolecules find extensive application in therapy, clinical diagnosis and biomedical imaging. Herein, two derivatives of TAT peptide with sequences YGRKKRRQRRR and YGRKKRRQRRR-(β-ala)3-Cys-amide were conjugated with tannic acid capped gold nanoparticles which acted as a carrier for cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) into the bacterial cells. The interaction of YGRKKRRQRRR peptide with AuNPs was non-covalent in nature whereas YGRKKRRQRRR-(β-ala)3-Cys-amide interacted covalently with the AuNPs due to presence of thiol group in cysteine which bind strongly to gold nanoparticles surface. Further, tannic acid functionalised AuNPs conjugated CPPs constructs were duly characterized using critical flocculation essay test, UV-visible and TEM. FITC was tagged over AuNPs-CPPs in order to study the intracellular distribution using confocal microscopy. The confocal results revealed that nanoconjugates (AuNP-CPPs) of 5 nm diameter exhibited strong fluorescent signal in Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains. The present method can also be used for the killing of bacterial cells using photo-thermal therapy and therefore can be highly useful for targeting multi-drug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Werner Tegge
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse, 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nishima Wangoo
- Department of Applied Sciences, University Institute of Engineering & Technology (U.I.E.T.), Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S., Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Rohit K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Tansi FL, Rüger R, Böhm C, Kontermann RE, Teichgraeber UK, Fahr A, Hilger I. Potential of activatable FAP-targeting immunoliposomes in intraoperative imaging of spontaneous metastases. Biomaterials 2016; 88:70-82. [PMID: 26945457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite intensive research and medical advances met, metastatic disease remains the most common cause of death in cancer patients. This results from late diagnosis, poor therapeutic response and undetected micrometastases and tumor margins during surgery. One approach to overcome these challenges involves fluorescence imaging, which exploits the properties of fluorescent probes for diagnostic detection of molecular structures at the onset of transformation and for intraoperative detection of metastases and tumor margins in real time. Considering these benefits, many contrast agents suitable for fluorescence imaging have been reported. However, most reports only demonstrate the detection of primary tumors and not the detection of metastases or their application in models of image-guided surgery. In this work, we demonstrate the influence of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) on the metastatic potential of fibrosarcoma cells and elucidate the efficacy of activatable FAP-targeting immunoliposomes (FAP-IL) for image-guided detection of the spontaneous metastases in mice models. Furthermore, we characterized the biodistribution and cellular localization of the liposomal fluorescent components in mice organs and traced their excretion over time in urine and feces. Taken together, activatable FAP-IL enhances intraoperative imaging of metastases. Their high accumulation in metastases, subsequent localization in the bile canaliculi and liver kupffer cells and suitable excretion in feces substantiates their potency as contrast agents for intraoperative imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felista L Tansi
- Dept. of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Ronny Rüger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Claudia Böhm
- Dept. of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulf K Teichgraeber
- Dept. of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Alfred Fahr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Dept. of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany.
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Jafari S, Maleki Dizaj S, Adibkia K. Cell-penetrating peptides and their analogues as novel nanocarriers for drug delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 5:103-11. [PMID: 26191505 PMCID: PMC4492185 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impermeability of biological membranes is a major obstacle in drug delivery; however, some peptides have transition capabilities of biomembranes. In recent decades, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been introduced as novel biocarriers that are able to translocate into the cells. CPPs are biologically potent tools for non-invasive cellular internalization of cargo molecules. Nevertheless, the non-specificity of these peptides presents a restriction for targeting drug delivery; therefore, a peptidic nanocarrier sensitive to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) has been prepared, called activatable cell-penetrating peptide (ACPP). In addition to the cell-penetrating peptide dendrimer (DCPP), other analogues of CPPs have been synthesized. METHODS In this study, the most recent literature in the field of biomedical application of CPPs and their analogues, ACPP and DCCP, were reviewed. RESULTS This review focuses on CPP and its analogues, ACPP and DCPP, as novel nanocarriers for drug delivery. In addition, nanoconjugates and bioconjugates of these peptide sequences are discussed. CONCLUSION DCCP, branched CPPs, compared to linear peptides have advantages such as resistance to rapid biodegradation, high loading capacities and large-scale production capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Jafari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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