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Xu Y, Guo P, Wang G, Sun X, Wang C, Li H, Cui Z, Zhang P, Feng Y. Integrated analysis of single-cell sequencing and machine learning identifies a signature based on monocyte/macrophage hub genes to analyze the intracranial aneurysm associated immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1397475. [PMID: 38979407 PMCID: PMC11228246 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are pivotal immune cells in eliciting specific immune responses and can exert a significant impact on the progression, prognosis, and immunotherapy of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). The objective of this study was to identify monocyte/macrophage (Mo/MΦ)-associated gene signatures to elucidate their correlation with the pathogenesis and immune microenvironment of IAs, thereby offering potential avenues for targeted therapy against IAs. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of IAs were acquired from the Gene Expression Synthesis (GEO) database. The significant infiltration of monocyte subsets in the parietal tissue of IAs was identified using single-cell RNA sequencing and high-dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis (hdWGCNA). The integration of six machine learning algorithms identified four crucial genes linked to these Mo/MΦ. Subsequently, we developed a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural model for the diagnosis of IAs (independent external test AUC=1.0, sensitivity =100%, specificity =100%). Furthermore, we employed the CIBERSORT method and MCP counter to establish the correlation between monocyte characteristics and immune cell infiltration as well as patient heterogeneity. Our findings offer valuable insights into the molecular characterization of monocyte infiltration in IAs, which plays a pivotal role in shaping the immune microenvironment of IAs. Recognizing this characterization is crucial for comprehending the limitations associated with targeted therapies for IAs. Ultimately, the results were verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pin Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guipeng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojuan Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huanting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenwen Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pining Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yugong Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Zhou H, Song Y, Wang C, Zhu Q, Feng Y. Identification of differentially expressed autophagy-related genes in cases of intracranial aneurysm: Bioinformatics analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107687. [PMID: 38521147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent research indicates that autophagy is essential for the rupture of intracranial aneurysm (IA). This study aimed to examine and validate potential autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in cases of IA using bioinformatics analysis. METHODS Two expression profiles (GSE54083 and GSE75436) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed ARGs (DEARGs) in cases of IA were screened using GSE75436, and enrichment analysis and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks were used to identify the hub genes and related pathways. Furthermore, a novel predictive diagnostic signature for IA based on the hub genes was constructed. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the signature performance in GSE75436. RESULTS In total, 75 co-expressed DEARGs were identified in the GSE75436 and GSE54083 dataset (28 upregulated and 47 downregulated genes). Enrichment analysis of DEARGs revealed several enriched terms associated with proteoglycans in cancer and human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection. PPI analysis revealed interactions between these genes. Hub DEARGs included insulin-like growth factor 1, clusters of differentiation 4, cysteine-aspartic acid protease 8, Bcl-2-like protein 11, mouse double mutant 2 homolog, toll-like receptor 4, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit, hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha, and erythroblastic oncogene B-2. Notably, the signature showed good performance in distinguishing IA (AUC = 0.87). The sig calibration curves showed good calibration. CONCLUSION Bioinformatic analysis identified 75 potential DEARGs in cases of IA. This study revealed that IA is affected by autophagy, which could explain the pathogenesis of IA and aid in its diagnosis and treatment. However, future research with experimental validation is necessary to identify potential DEARGs in cases of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Yancheng Song
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Quanzhou Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Yugong Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China.
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Yan K, Bian J, He L, Song B, Shen L, Zhen Y. Effects of KLF11 on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and its Underlying Mechanisms in Intracranial Aneurysm. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10681-0. [PMID: 38368567 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) affect the phenotypic changes in intracranial aneurysm (IA). They exhibit enhanced dissociation and migration and play a key role in IA pathogenesis. KLF transcription factor 11 (KLF11), a member of the KLF family, significantly affects the cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, its expression, biological functions, and latent action mechanisms in IA remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the effects of KLF11 on H2O2-induced human brain VSMCs (HBVSMCs) in IA. We determined the mRNA levels of KLF11 in 15 paired arterial wall tissues of patients with IA and healthy volunteers. HBVSMCs were stimulated with H2O2 for 6 h to establish an IA model in vitro. Cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokine (interleukin [IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6) levels were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. KLF11 expression was determined via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence analyses. Furthermore, p-p38, p38, cleaved-caspase 3, and caspase 3 levels were determined via western blotting. KLF11 levels were downregulated in the arterial wall tissues of patients with IA than in those of the control group. KLF11 upregulation by KLF11-plasmid promoted the cell viability, reduced apoptosis, decreased cleaved-caspase 3 expression, and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors in H2O2-induced HBVSMCs. KLF11-plasmid remarkably reduced p-p38 expression and p-p38/p-38 ratio; however, these effects were reversed by P79350 treatment. Overall, KLF11 upregulation improved the HBVSMC functions and exerted protective effects against IA, suggesting its potential for IA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, No. 98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Jiarong Bian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Liang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, No. 98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Bingwei Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, No. 98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Linhai Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, No. 98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yong Zhen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, No. 98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
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Wang Z, Ma J, Yue H, Zhang Z, Fang F, Wang G, Liu X, Shen Y. Vascular smooth muscle cells in intracranial aneurysms. Microvasc Res 2023:104554. [PMID: 37236346 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a severe cerebrovascular disease characterized by abnormal bulging of cerebral vessels that may rupture and cause a stroke. The expansion of the aneurysm accompanies by the remodeling of vascular matrix. It is well-known that vascular remodeling is a process of synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which is highly dependent on the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The phenotypic switching of VSMC is considered to be bidirectional, including the physiological contractile phenotype and alternative synthetic phenotype in response to injury. There is increasing evidence indicating that VSMCs have the ability to switch to various phenotypes, including pro-inflammatory, macrophagic, osteogenic, foamy and mesenchymal phenotypes. Although the mechanisms of VSMC phenotype switching are still being explored, it is becoming clear that phenotype switching of VSMCs plays an essential role in IA formation, progression, and rupture. This review summarized the various phenotypes and functions of VSMCs associated with IA pathology. The possible influencing factors and potential molecular mechanisms of the VSMC phenotype switching were further discussed. Understanding how phenotype switching of VSMC contributed to the pathogenesis of unruptured IAs can bring new preventative and therapeutic strategies for IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenye Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jia Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Yue
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhewei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fei Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China.
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Xu J, Fang C. Circ-ATL1 silencing reverses the activation effects of SIRT5 on smooth muscle cellular proliferation, migration and contractility in intracranial aneurysm by adsorbing miR-455. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:3. [PMID: 36717793 PMCID: PMC9887762 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contribute to the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). However, molecular mechanisms underlying these changes remain unknown. The present study aimed to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying VSMC-mediated IAs. METHODS Expression of the circular RNA circ-ATL1 and microRNA miR-455 was detected in IAs by RT-qPCR. Interactions between circ-ATL1, miR-455 and SIRT5 were examined by luciferase reporter analysis and RT-qPCR. The regulatory roles of circ-ATL1, miR-455 and SIRT5 in VSMC migration, proliferation and phenotypic modulation were also examined by CCK8, Transwell® migration and western blot assays. RESULTS Biochemical and bioinformatic techniques were used to demonstrate that circ-ATL1 and miR-455 participated in disparate biological processes relevant to aneurysm formation. Clinically, increased expression of circ-ATL1 and downregulated miR-455 expression were observed in IA patients compared with healthy subjects. Silencing of circ-ATL1 led to suppression of VSMC migration, proliferation and phenotypic modulation. Both SIRT5 and miR-455 were found to be downstream targets of circ-ATL1. SIRT5 upregulation or miR-455 inhibition reversed the inhibitory effects induced by circ-ATL1 silencing on VSMC proliferation, migration and phenotypic modulation. We found that VSMC phenotypic modulation by circ-ATL1 upregulation and miR-455 downregulation had a critical role in the development and formation of AIs. Specifically, circ-ATL1 downregulation reversed IA formation. CONCLUSION Our data provide the theoretical basis for future studies on potential clinical treatment and prevention of IAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichong Xu
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, 389, Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065 China
| | - Chun Fang
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, 389, Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065 China
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Li S, Zhang Q, Chen Z, Huang Z, Zhang L, Chen F. Novel insight into ferroptosis-related genes, molecular subtypes, and immune characteristics in intracranial aneurysms. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1347-1364. [PMID: 36057911 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the role of ferroptosis in intracranial aneurysm (IA). METHODS GSE122897, GSE75436, GSE15629, and GSE75434 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DEFRGs) were selected to construct a diagnostic model integrating with machine learning. Then, a consensus clustering algorithm was performed to classify IA patients into distinct ferroptosis-related clusters. Functional analyses, including GO, KEGG, GSVA, and GSEA analyses, were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. ssGSEA and xCell algorithms were performed to uncover the immune characteristics. RESULTS We identified 28 DEFRGs between IAs and controls from the GSE122897 dataset. GO and KEGG results showed that these genes were enriched in cytokine activity, ferroptosis, and the IL-17 signaling pathway. Immune analysis showed that the IAs had higher levels of immune infiltration. A four FRGs model (MT3, CDKN1A, ZEP69B, and ABCC1) was established and validated with great IA diagnostic ability. We divided the IA samples into two clusters and found that cluster 2 had a higher proportion of rupture and immune infiltration. We identified 10 ferroptosis phenotypes-related markers in IAs. CONCLUSION Ferroptosis and the immune microenvironment are closely associated with IAs, providing a basis for understanding the IA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Longbo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Departments of Neurosurgery and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520-8082, USA
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Ma Z, Zhong P, Yue P, Sun Z. Uncovering of Key Pathways and miRNAs for Intracranial Aneurysm Based on Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. Eur Neurol 2022; 85:212-223. [PMID: 35034029 DOI: 10.1159/000521390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a serious cerebrovascular disease. The identification of key regulatory genes can provide research directions for early diagnosis and treatment of IA. METHODS Initially, the miRNA and mRNA data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Subsequently, the limma package in R was used to screen for differentially expressed genes. In order to investigate the function of the differentially expressed genes, a functional enrichment analysis was performed. Moreover, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify the hub module and hub miRNAs. The correlations between miRNAs and mRNAs were assessed by constructing miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks. In addition, in vitro validation was performed. Finally, diagnostic analysis and electronic expression verification were performed on the GSE122897 dataset. RESULTS In the present study, 955 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs, 480 with increased and 475 with decreased expression) and 46 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs, 36 with increased and 10 with decreased expression) were identified. WGCNA demonstrated that the yellow module was the hub module. Moreover, 16 hub miRNAs were identified. A total of 1,124 negatively regulated miRNA-mRNA relationship pairs were identified. Functional analysis demonstrated that DEmRNAs in the targeted network were enriched in vascular smooth muscle contraction and focal adhesion pathways. In addition, the area under the curve of 16 hub miRNAs was >0.8. It is implied that 16 hub miRNAs may be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers of IA. CONCLUSION Hub miRNAs and key signaling pathways were identified by bioinformatics analysis. This evidence lays the foundation for understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of IA and provided potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Neurology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peidong Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhongwu Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Qin K, Tian G, Zhou D, Chen G. Circular RNA circ-ARFIP2 regulates proliferation, migration and invasion in human vascular smooth muscle cells via miR-338-3p-dependent modulation of KDR. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1277-1288. [PMID: 33837886 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysm (IA). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IA by reducing microRNA (miRNA) activity. In this paper, we investigated the precise roles of circRNA ADP ribosylation factor interacting protein 2 (circ-ARFIP2, circ_0021001) in VSMC dysfunction. The levels of circ-ARFIP2, miR-338-3p and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot. Ribonuclease (RNase) R and subcellular fractionation assays were used to assess the stability and localization of circ-ARFIP2, respectively. Cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and cell invasion was measured by transwell assay. Cell proliferation was gauged by 5-Ethynyl-2'-Deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Cell migration was evaluated by transwell and wound-healing assays. Targeted correlations among circ-ARFIP2, miR-338-3p and KDR were validated by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Circ-ARFIP2 and KDR were underexpressed and miR-338-3p was overexpressed in the arterial wall tissues of IA patients. Overexpression of circ-ARFIP2 in human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs) showed a significant promotion in cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, circ-ARFIP2 targeted miR-338-3p, and circ-ARFIP2 regulated cell behaviors by miR-338-3p. KDR was a direct and functional target of miR-338-3p. Moreover, KDR was a downstream effector of circ-ARFIP2 function. Circ-ARFIP2 regulated KDR expression by targeting miR-338-3p. Our present findings demonstrated that the increased level of circ-ARFIP2 enhanced HUASMC proliferation, migration and invasion at least in part by the miR-338-3p/KDR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ge Tian
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangzhong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
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