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Rathnayake DS, Dlamini S, Elkalawozgy K, Tillekeratne LMV, Taylor WR. Mutant p53 reactivators protect breast cancer cells from ferroptosis. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4036. [PMID: 38778584 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel nonapoptotic form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent reactive oxygen species-mediated lipid peroxidation. In several different cell systems, the tumor suppressor p53 can enhance sensitivity to ferroptotic inducers. At least half of all human cancers show loss of function of p53. Furthermore, many of those tumors express mutant forms of p53 that has lost its wild-type function. Several groups have designed small molecules that can reactivate the wild-type function of these missense p53 mutants. We reasoned that p53 reactivators may also enhance sensitivity of certain cancer cells to ferroptosis stimuli. To test this idea we combined a number of different p53 reactivators with small molecule inducers of ferroptosis. In contrast, we observed that several p53 reactivators protected cells from cell death induced by ferroptotic inducers. Surprisingly, this protection still occurred in p53-null cell lines. We observed that these reactivators were neither free radical scavengers nor ion chelators. One of these p53 reactivator molecules, NSC 59984, reduced expression of GPX4, which is unlikely to explain its ability to reduce sensitivity to ferroptosis. We suggest that these p53 reactivators function via an unknown, p53-independent manner to suppress ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samkeliso Dlamini
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Kadry Elkalawozgy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | | | - William R Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Cheng Z, Chu H, Zhu Q, Yang L. Ferroptosis in non-alcoholic liver disease: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1090338. [PMID: 36992907 PMCID: PMC10040549 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1090338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis refers to a novel modality of regulated cell death characterized by excessive iron accumulation and overwhelming lipid peroxidation, which takes an important part in multiple pathological processes associated with cell death. Considering the crucial roles of the liver in iron and lipid metabolism and its predisposition to oxidative insults, more and more studies have been conducted to explore the relationship between ferroptosis and various liver disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). With increased morbidity and high mortality rates, NAFLD has currently emerged as a global public health issue. However, the etiology of NAFLD is not fully understood. In recent years, an accumulating body of evidence have suggested that ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, but the precise mechanisms underlying how ferroptosis affects NAFLD still remain obscure. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its complicated regulation systems, delineate the different effects that ferroptosis exerts in different stages of NAFLD, and discuss some potential effective therapies targeting ferroptosis for NAFLD treatment, which putatively points out a novel direction for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingjing Zhu
- Jinyintan Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qingjing Zhu,
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Ling Yang, ,
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Song C, Li D, Zhang J, Zhao X. Berberine hydrochloride alleviates imatinib mesylate - induced cardiotoxicity through the inhibition of Nrf2-dependent ferroptosis. Food Funct 2023; 14:1087-1098. [PMID: 36594456 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03331c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (IMA) belonging to the selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor family has been proven to induce cardiotoxic effects along with therapeutic strategies. Nrf2-dependent ferroptosis has been implicated in the cardiotoxicity induced by IMA. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of berberine hydrochloride (Ber) on cardiac injuries induced by IMA and to explore its potential mechanisms. In H9c2 cells, cell viability, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and labile iron pool (LIP) levels were measured. In a mouse model of IMA-induced cardiomyopathy, serum biomarkers and cardiac tissues were examined. A western blot assay was performed to evaluate the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicated that Ber increased cell viability and MMP and decreased cellular ROS and iron levels in comparison to the IMA group of H9c2 cells. In mice, Ber significantly improved cardiac status and attenuated the level of ferroptosis biomarkers including malonaldehyde (MDA) and iron content. Additionally, Ber downregulated the expression of transferrin receptor (TfR) and P53 and upregulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), ferritin heavy chain-1 (FTH1), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in H9c2 cells and mice. The present data indicated that Ber has the potential to protect against IMA-induced cardiotoxicity, partly via inhibiting Nrf2-dependent ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhu Song
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Dongning Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development & Utilization, Ministry of Education
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Karaj E, Sindi SH, Kuganesan N, Koranne RA, Knoff JR, James AW, Fu Y, Kotsull LN, Pflum MK, Shah Z, Taylor WR, Tillekeratne LMV. First-in-Class Dual Mechanism Ferroptosis-HDAC Inhibitor Hybrids. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14764-14791. [PMID: 36306372 PMCID: PMC10257520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HDAC inhibitors are an attractive class of cytotoxic agents for the design of hybrid molecules. Several HDAC hybrids have emerged over the years, but none combines HDAC inhibition with ferroptosis, a combination which is being extensively studied because it leads to enhanced cytotoxicity and attenuated neuronal toxicity. We combined the pharmacophores of SAHA and CETZOLE molecules to design the first-in-class dual mechanism hybrid molecules, which induce ferroptosis and inhibit HDAC proteins. The involvement of both mechanisms in cytotoxicity was confirmed by a series of biological assays. The cytotoxic effects were evaluated in a series of cancer and neuronal cell lines. Analogue HY-1 demonstrated the best cytotoxic profile with GI50 values as low as 20 nM. Although the increase in activity of the hybrids over the combinations is modest in cellular systems, they have the potential advantage of homogeneous spatiotemporal distribution in in vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endri Karaj
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Shaimaa H Sindi
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Nishanth Kuganesan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Radhika A Koranne
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Joseph R Knoff
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Antonisamy William James
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Lauren N Kotsull
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Mary Kay Pflum
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Zahoor Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - William R Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - L M Viranga Tillekeratne
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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Karaj E, Sindi SH, Kuganesan N, Perera L, Taylor W, Viranga Tillekeratne LM. Tunable Cysteine-Targeting Electrophilic Heteroaromatic Warheads Induce Ferroptosis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:11788-11817. [PMID: 35984756 PMCID: PMC10408038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Once considered potential liabilities, the modern era witnesses a renaissance of interest in covalent inhibitors in drug discovery. The available toolbox of electrophilic warheads is limited by constraints on tuning reactivity and selectivity. Following our work on a class of ferroptotic agents termed CETZOLEs, we discovered new tunable heterocyclic electrophiles which are capable of inducing ferroptosis. The biological evaluation demonstrated that thiazoles with an alkyne electrophile at the 2-position selectively induce ferroptosis with high potency. Density functional theory calculations and NMR kinetic studies demonstrated the ability of our heterocycles to undergo thiol addition, an apparent prerequisite for cytotoxicity. Chemoproteomic analysis indicated several potential targets, the most prominent among them being GPX4 protein. These results were further validated by western blot analysis and the cellular thermal shift assay. Incorporation of these heterocycles into appropriate pharmacophores generated highly cytotoxic agents such as the analogue BCP-T.A, with low nM IC50 values in ferroptosis-sensitive cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endri Karaj
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Shaimaa H. Sindi
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Nishanth Kuganesan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Lalith Perera
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity and Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - William Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - L. M. Viranga Tillekeratne
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
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Wang Z, Li H, Zhou W, Lee J, Liu Z, An Z, Xu D, Mo H, Hu L, Zhou X. Ferrous sulfate-loaded hydrogel cures Staphylococcus aureus infection via facilitating a ferroptosis-like bacterial cell death in a mouse keratitis model. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Wang S, Wei W, Ma N, Qu Y, Liu Q. Molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in prostate cancer therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 176:103732. [PMID: 35697233 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly prevalent disease that affects men's health worldwide and is the second most common malignancy in males. Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death characterized by iron overload and the accumulation of lipid peroxidation, which differs from the regulated cell death modes of necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy. Substantial progress has been achieved in researching the occurrence and regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, which is closely associated with cancer initiation, progression, and suppression and is expected to become a new breakthrough point in the PCa treatment. This review will summarize the mechanisms involved in PCa, and we detail the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China
| | - Yongliang Qu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China
| | - Qiuju Liu
- Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China.
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Zhu L, Wang J, Tang X, Zhang C, Wang P, Wu L, Gao W, Ding W, Zhang G, Tao X. Efficient Magnetic Nanocatalyst-Induced Chemo- and Ferroptosis Synergistic Cancer Therapy in Combination with T 1-T 2 Dual-Mode Magnetic Resonance Imaging Through Doxorubicin Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3621-3632. [PMID: 35005898 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive iron ions in cancer cells can catalyze H2O2 into highly toxic •OH and then promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducing cancer ferroptosis. However, the efficacy of the ferroptosis catalyst is still insufficient because of low Fe(II) release, which severely limited its application in clinic. Herein, we developed a novel magnetic nanocatalyst for MRI-guided chemo- and ferroptosis synergistic cancer therapies through iRGD-PEG-ss-PEG-modified gadolinium engineering magnetic iron oxide-loaded Dox (ipGdIO-Dox). The introduction of the gadolinium compound disturbed the structure of ipGdIO-Dox, making the magnetic nanocatalyst be more sensitive to weak acid. When ipGdIO-Dox entered into cancer cells, abundant Fe(II) ions were released and then catalyzed H2O2 into highly toxic OH•, which would elevate cellular oxidative stress to damage mitochondria and cell membranes and induce cancer ferroptosis. In addition, the iRGD-PEG-ss-PEG chain coated onto the nanoplatform was also broken by high expression of GSH, and then, the Dox was released. This process not only effectively inhibited DNA replication but also further activated cellular ROS, making the nanoplatform achieve stronger anticancer ability. Besides, the systemic delivery of ipGdIO-Dox significantly enhanced the T1- and T2-weighted MRI signal of the tumor, endowing accurate diagnostic capability for tumor recognition. Therefore, ipGdIO-Dox might be a promising candidate for developing an MRI-guided chemo- and ferroptosis synergistic theranostic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaojie Tang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, P. R. China
| | - Lizhong Wu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Weiqing Gao
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Weilong Ding
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Guilong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Tao
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
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Zhang H, Zhang E, Hu H. Role of Ferroptosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Implications for Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111660. [PMID: 34829889 PMCID: PMC8615581 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the chronic liver disease with the highest incidence throughout the world, but its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death caused by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Abnormal iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid phospholipids (PUFA-PLs) can all trigger ferroptosis. Emerging evidence indicates that ferroptosis plays a critical role in the pathological progression of NAFLD. Because the liver is the main organ for iron storage and lipid metabolism, ferroptosis is an ideal target for liver diseases. Inhibiting ferroptosis may become a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NAFLD. In this article, we describe the role of ferroptosis in the progression of NAFLD and its related mechanisms. This review will highlight further directions for the treatment of NAFLD and the selection of corresponding drugs that target ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100080, China;
| | - Enxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Transformation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Correspondence: (E.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Hongbo Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100080, China;
- Correspondence: (E.Z.); (H.H.)
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Kuganesan N, Dlamini S, Tillekeratne LV, Taylor WR. Tumor suppressor p53 promotes ferroptosis in oxidative stress conditions independent of modulation of ferroptosis by p21, CDKs, Rb and E2F. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101365. [PMID: 34728216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 is a well-established critical cell cycle regulator. By inducing transcription of the gene encoding p21, p53 inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-mediated phosphorylation of cell cycle inhibitor RB proteins. Phosphorylation of RB releases E2F transcription factor proteins that transactivate cell cycle-promoting genes. Here we sought to uncover the contribution of p53, p21, CDK, RB, and E2F to the regulation of ferroptosis, an oxidative form of cell death. Our studies have uncovered unexpected complexity in this regulation. First, we showed that elevated levels of p53 enhance ferroptosis in multiple inducible and isogenic systems. On the other hand, we found that p21 suppresses ferroptosis. Elevation of CDK activity also suppressed ferroptosis under conditions where p21 suppressed ferroptosis, suggesting that the impact of p21 must extend beyond CDK inhibition. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of E2F suppresses ferroptosis in part via a p21-dependent mechanism, consistent with reports that this transcription factor can induce transcription of p21. Finally, deletion of RB genes enhanced ferroptosis. Taken together, these results show that signals affecting ferroptotic sensitivity emanate from multiple points within the p53 tumor suppressor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishanth Kuganesan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 601, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Samkeliso Dlamini
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 601, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Lm Viranga Tillekeratne
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 601, Toledo, OH 43606.
| | - William R Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 601, Toledo, OH 43606.
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