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Jian J, Li W, Wu X, Zhou M. Double C-H bond activation of acetylene by atomic boron in forming aromatic cyclic-HBC 2BH in solid neon. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4443-4449. [PMID: 28936331 PMCID: PMC5590098 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01399j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron atoms react with acetylene to form an aromatic cyclic-HBC2BH molecule via double C–H bond activation of acetylene in solid neon.
The organo-boron species formed from the reactions of boron atoms with acetylene in solid neon are investigated using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy with isotopic substitutions as well as quantum chemical calculations. Besides the previously reported single C–H bond activation species, a cyclic-HBC2BH diboron species is formed via double C–H bond activation of acetylene. It is characterized to have a closed-shell singlet ground state with planar D2h symmetry. Bonding analysis indicates that it is a doubly aromatic species involving two delocalized σ electrons and two delocalized π electrons. This finding reveals the very first example of double C–H bond activation of acetylene in forming new organo-boron compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Jian
- Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China .
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Abstract
Borylenes, RB, are elusive reactive intermediates. Still not much is known about their excited states from spectroscopic experiments, and existing knowledge is limited to diatomic borylenes only. The electronic structure and geometry of borylenes with diverse substituents on boron (where R = H, F, Cl, CH3, CF3, tBu, NH2, Ph, and SiMe3) were studied by means of computational chemistry. For this purpose, geometries of borylenes in their lowest singlet and triplet states were optimized at the B3LYP/def2-TZVP level of theory. Additionally, the influence of substitution on the energies of frontier molecular orbitals, HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, singlet-triplet energy splittings, and excitation energies was investigated. Two lowest vertical singlet-singlet excitations were computed using EOM-CCSD and TD-DFT (using hybrid B3LYP, and long-range separated CAM-B3LYP and ωB97X functionals) in combination with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. The electronic transitions involve excitations from nonbonding sp boron orbital (HOMO) mainly to empty p(B) orbitals and partially to the orbitals of the substituent, and are of n → π* type. The results can facilitate prospective identification of borylenes, e.g., in UV-vis matrix isolation or time-resolved spectroscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Krasowska
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Edelmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger F Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Krasowska M, Bettinger HF. Ring Enlargement of Three-Membered Boron Heterocycles upon Reaction with Organic π Systems: Implications for the Trapping of Borylenes. Chemistry 2016; 22:10661-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Krasowska
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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Balucani N, Zhang F, Kaiser RI. Elementary Reactions of Boron Atoms with Hydrocarbons—Toward the Formation of Organo-Boron Compounds. Chem Rev 2010; 110:5107-27. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900404k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Balucani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Fangtong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
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Kaiser RI, Maksyutenko P, Ennis C, Zhang F, Gu X, Krishtal SP, Mebel AM, Kostko O, Ahmed M. Untangling the chemical evolution of Titan's atmosphere and surface–from homogeneous to heterogeneous chemistry. Faraday Discuss 2010; 147:429-78; discussion 527-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c003599h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Poully B, Bergeat A, Hannachi Y. Theoretical Study of the Mechanism and Rate Constant of the B + CO2 Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:8148-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804504g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Poully
- ISM Groupe de Spectroscopie Moléculaire and ISM Groupe d’Astrochimie, Université Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (UMR 5255 CNRS), 351, cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence cedex, France, and CNRS UMR 5255, ISM, Talence, France
| | - Astrid Bergeat
- ISM Groupe de Spectroscopie Moléculaire and ISM Groupe d’Astrochimie, Université Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (UMR 5255 CNRS), 351, cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence cedex, France, and CNRS UMR 5255, ISM, Talence, France
| | - Yacine Hannachi
- ISM Groupe de Spectroscopie Moléculaire and ISM Groupe d’Astrochimie, Université Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (UMR 5255 CNRS), 351, cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence cedex, France, and CNRS UMR 5255, ISM, Talence, France
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Zhang F, Gu X, Kaiser RI, Balucani N, Huang CH, Kao CH, Chang AHH. A Crossed Beam and Ab Initio Study of the Reaction of Atomic Boron with Ethylene. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:3837-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jp710810u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nadia Balucani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Zhang F, Kao CH, Chang AHH, Gu X, Guo Y, Kaiser RI. A Crossed Molecular Beam Study on the Reaction of Boron Atoms with Methylacetylene and Partially Deuterated Methylacetylene. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:95-105. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhang F, Gu X, Kaiser RI, Bettinger H. A reinvestigation of the gas phase reaction of boron atoms, 11B(2Pj)/10B(2Pj) with acetylene, C2H2(X1Σg+). Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhang F, Sun HL, Chang AHH, Gu X, Kaiser RI. Crossed Molecular Beam Study on the Reaction of Boron Atoms, B(2Pj), with Allene, H2CCCH2(XA1). J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:13305-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jp076341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangtong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Hui Lun Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Agnes H. H. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Xibin Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
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A crossed molecular beam study on the reaction of boron atoms, B(2Pj), with benzene, C6H6(X1A1g), and D6-benzene C6D6(X1A1g). Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Comerford DW, Cheesman A, Carpenter TPF, Davies DME, Fox NA, Sage RS, Smith JA, Ashfold MNR, Mankelevich YA. Experimental and Modeling Studies of B Atom Number Density Distributions in Hot Filament Activated B2H6/H2 and B2H6/CH4/H2 Gas Mixtures. J Phys Chem A 2005; 110:2868-75. [PMID: 16509607 DOI: 10.1021/jp053455p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and modeling studies of the gas-phase chemistry occurring in dilute, hot filament (HF) activated B2H6/H2 and B2H6/CH4/H2 gas mixtures are reported. Spatially resolved relative number densities of B (and H) atoms have been measured by resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization methods, as a function of process conditions (e.g. the HF material and its temperature, the B2H6/H2 mixing ratio, and the presence (or not) of added CH4). Three-dimensional modeling of the H/B chemistry prevailing in such HF activated gas mixtures using a simplified representation of the gas phase chemistry succeeds in reproducing all of the experimentally observed trends, and in illustrating the key role of the "H-shifting" reactions BHx + H <= => BHx-1 + H2 (x = 1-3) in enabling rapid interconversion between the various BHx (x = 0-3) species. CH4 addition, at partial pressures appropriate for growth of boron-doped diamond by chemical vapor deposition methods, leads to approximately 30% reduction in the measured B atom signal near the HF. The modeling suggests that this is mainly due to concomitant H atom depletion near the HF, but it also allows us a first assessment of the possible contributions from B/C coupling reactions upon CH4 addition to HF activated B2H6/H2 gas mixtures.
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Canosa A, Le Picard SD, Geppert WD. Experimental Kinetics Study of the Reaction of Boron Atoms, B(2PJ), with Ethylene at Very Low Temperatures (23−295 K). J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp048732r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bettinger HF, Kaiser RI. Reaction of Benzene and Boron Atom: Mechanism of Formation of Benzoborirene and Hydrogen Atom. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0375259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger F. Bettinger
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 95622
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 95622
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Kaiser RI, Balucani N, Galland N, Caralp F, Rayez MT, Hannachi Y. Unraveling the chemical dynamics of bimolecular reactions of ground state boron atoms, B(2Pj), with acetylene, C2H2(X1Σg+). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b315439b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sillars D, Kaiser RI, Galland N, Hannachi Y. Crossed-Beam Reaction of Boron Atoms, B (2Pj), with Dimethylacetylene, CH3CCCH3 (XA1g): Untangling the Reaction Dynamics to Form the 1,2-Dimethylene-3-bora-cyclopropane Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022469h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry University of York York YO10 5DD, UK.
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