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Microwave assisted C-H activation reaction: An overview. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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2
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Rivera-Albarran ME, Ray SJ. A Novel Combined Microstrip Resonator/Nanospray Ionization Source for Microwave-Assisted Trypsin Digestion of Proteins. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1684-1696. [PMID: 32573245 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic digestion of proteins is a critical step in bottom-up and middle-down proteomics. Here, we demonstrate a method for decreasing the time required for proteolytic digestion of proteins from multiple hours to minutes by using an in-line microstrip cavity for programmed microwave heating. When a nanospray emitter tip, containing a digestion sample, is exposed to a region of highly focused microwave field, the rate of proteolytic digestion is enhanced and the time required for digestion greatly decreased. The design is advantageous for mass spectrometry because the solution-based digestion can then be directly sprayed from a nanoelectrospray tip emitter, decreasing sample transfer loss and allowing the system to be used in a flow-through proteolytic workflow. Microwave-assisted digestion using this method is evaluated against standard overnight digestion protocols using a variety of proteins, evaluating sequence coverage and observed peptide location, digestion rate, and overall efficacy. The influence of applied microwave power is investigated, and enzymatic kinetic parameters are evaluated to estimate temperature within the microreactor. Finally, the modulation of the proteolytic digestion of proteins based upon the modulation of applied microwave power is demonstrated on a time scale of seconds in a flow-through system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Rivera-Albarran
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Steven J Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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3
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Barham JP, Koyama E, Norikane Y, Ohneda N, Yoshimura T. Microwave Flow: A Perspective on Reactor and Microwave Configurations and the Emergence of Tunable Single‐Mode Heating Toward Large‐Scale Applications. CHEM REC 2018; 19:188-203. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Barham
- Electronics and Photonics Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - Emiko Koyama
- Electronics and Photonics Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- Electronics and Photonics Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ohneda
- SAIDA FDS, INC. 143-10 Isshiki Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0054 Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshimura
- SAIDA FDS, INC. 143-10 Isshiki Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0054 Japan
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4
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Yu L, Gao B, Li Y, Wang TTY, Luo Y, Wang J, Yu LL. Home food preparation techniques impacted the availability of natural antioxidants and bioactivities in kale and broccoli. Food Funct 2018; 9:585-593. [PMID: 29271435 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00948h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of grinding and chopping with/without microwaving on the health-beneficial components, and antioxidant, anti-inflammation and anti-proliferation capacities of commercial kale and broccoli samples. The availability of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography. The total phenolic contents, the scavenging activities against DPPH, oxygen, hydroxyl and ABTS cation radicals, and cell-based antioxidant activities were determined for the antioxidant capacities. The results indicated that chopping released the least nutraceutical components and antioxidant compounds. Microwaving had no effect on the I3C release from kale, but resulted in an elevated (more than 2-fold) release of I3C from broccoli. In addition, the choice of a blender affected the availability of the anti-proliferative compounds from the vegetables, while it had no effect on the availability of their anti-inflammatory compounds. In summary, different food preparation methods could strongly impact the availability of bioactive factors in the selected vegetables. These findings suggest that choosing an appropriate food processing method for each vegetable might be critical to obtain desirable health-beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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5
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Ieronymaki M, Androutsou ME, Pantelia A, Friligou I, Crisp M, High K, Penkman K, Gatos D, Tselios T. Use of the 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin for microwave-assisted solid phase peptide synthesis. Biopolymers 2016; 104:506-14. [PMID: 26270247 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A fast and efficient microwave (MW)-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis protocol using the 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin and the Fmoc/tBu methodology, has been developed. The established protocol combines the advantages of MW irradiation and the acid labile 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin. The effect of temperature during the MW irradiation, the degree of resin substitution during the coupling of the first amino acids and the rate of racemization for each amino acid were evaluated. The suggested solid phase methodology is applicable for orthogonal peptide synthesis and for the synthesis of cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Eleni Androutsou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504, Rion, Greece.,Eldrug S.A., Pharmaceutical Company, 26504, Platani, Greece
| | - Anna Pantelia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504, Rion, Greece
| | - Irene Friligou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504, Rion, Greece.,Eldrug S.A., Pharmaceutical Company, 26504, Platani, Greece
| | - Molly Crisp
- BioArCh, Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty High
- BioArCh, Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Penkman
- BioArCh, Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Gatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504, Rion, Greece
| | - Theodore Tselios
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504, Rion, Greece
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6
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Yang PK. Effect of external electrostatic field on the stability of β sheet structures. Biopolymers 2016; 101:861-70. [PMID: 24459117 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To explore the effect of an external electrostatic field (EEF) on the stability of protein conformations, the molecular dynamic modeling approach was applied to evaluate the effect of an EEF along the x or y direction on a water cluster containing a parallel or antiparallel β sheet structure. The β sheet structure contained two strands with a (Gly)3 sequence separated by a distance d along the x direction. The mean forces between the two strands along the x direction were computed from the trajectories of molecular dynamics simulations. In the absence of the EEF, the forces between the two strands in vacuum were repulsive and attractive in the parallel and antiparallel β sheet structures, respectively. In contrast, the mean forces between the two strands in water were attractive in both the parallel and antiparallel β sheet structures. This is because the electric interactions between the two strands were shielded by water, and the hydrophobic effect dominated the interaction between the two strands. When an EEF >50 MV/cm was applied to the water cluster, the attractive force between the two strands in the parallel and antiparallel β sheet structures decreased and increased, respectively. Further, the binding affinity between the two strands in the parallel and antiparallel β sheet structures also decreased and increased, respectively. This is because the large EEF leads to dielectric saturation, and consequently reduces the effects of the dielectric shielding and hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Kun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-SHOU University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Balážová T, Šedo O, Štefanić P, Mandić-Mulec I, Vos M, Zdráhal Z. Improvement in Staphylococcus and Bacillus strain differentiation by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry profiling by using microwave-assisted enzymatic digestion. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1855-1861. [PMID: 25088129 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Distinguishing between individual bacterial strains below the species level is a challenge to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) bacterial profiling. We propose a quick method for improving strain differentiation of two Staphylococcus and one Bacillus species. METHODS An alternative procedure to the extraction protocol recommended by Bruker Daltonics was developed. Ethanol-sterilized cells of six S. aureus and six S. haemolyticus strains were digested by trypsin using 2-min microwave irradiation and were then analyzed. Twenty-eight strains belonging to two ecotypes of B. subtilis were subjected to the same procedure to extend the scope of the method. RESULTS S. aureus and S. haemolyticus strains, only partially distinguishable by the standard sample preparation procedure, were subjected to microwave-assisted tryptic digestion. The repeatability of the procedure was checked in three experiments accomplished at weekly intervals. Clear distinction of the strains was achieved by cluster analysis. The differentiation of B. subtilis ecotypes was also improved significantly by the digestion method. The discriminatory power of the novel method was supported by an increase in the number of strain-specific peaks, as compared to the standard method. CONCLUSIONS The method modulates the discriminatory power of MALDI-TOF MS profiling. The differentiation of a set of S. aureus, S. haemolyticus and B. subtilis strains was improved significantly after microwave-accelerated tryptic digestion of the cellular material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Balážová
- Research Group Proteomics, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
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Chang CF, Truong QD, Chen JR. RETRACTED: Graphene as excellent support for rapid and efficient near infrared-assisted triptic proteolysis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 104:221-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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An efficient microwave-assisted enzyme-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of long chain acylated derivatives of flavonoid glycosides. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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10
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Damm M, Holzer M, Radspieler G, Marsche G, Kappe CO. Microwave-assisted high-throughput acid hydrolysis in silicon carbide microtiter platforms--a rapid and low volume sample preparation technique for total amino acid analysis in proteins and peptides. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7826-32. [PMID: 21056423 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient microwave-assisted high-throughput protein hydrolysis protocol was developed utilizing strongly microwave absorbing silicon carbide-based microtiter platforms. The plates are equipped with 20 bore holes having the proper dimensions for holding standard screw-capped HPLC/GC vials. Due to the possibility of heating up to four heating platforms simultaneously (80 vials), parallel microwave-assisted acid hydrolyses can be performed under carefully controlled conditions significantly reducing the overall time required for protein hydrolysis and the subsequent evaporation step required for larger volumes of acid. An extensive optimization of the hydrolysis conditions has demonstrated that 5min irradiation at 160°C with 6N HCl leads to comparable results in terms of total and individual amino acid recovery as the traditional method requiring 24h heating at 110°C. Complete hydrolysis of several proteins and synthetic peptides was performed using 25μg of sample material and 100μL of 6N HCl in a dedicated low-volume HPLC/GC vial. Since the hydrolysis and subsequent analysis can be performed from the same vial, errors caused by sample transfer can be minimized. Control experiments have demonstrated that the observed rate enhancements are the result of a purely thermal/kinetic effect as a consequence of the considerable higher reaction temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Damm
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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11
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Subiros-Funosas R, Acosta GA, El-Faham A, Albericio F. Microwave irradiation and COMU: a potent combination for solid-phase peptide synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Zhang Y, Liu R, Hu Y, Li G. Microwave Heating in Preparation of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Beads for Trace Triazines Analysis in Complicated Samples. Anal Chem 2009; 81:967-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8018262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ruijin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuling Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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13
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Lin S, Yao G, Qi D, Li Y, Deng C, Yang P, Zhang X. Fast and Efficient Proteolysis by Microwave-Assisted Protein Digestion Using Trypsin-Immobilized Magnetic Silica Microspheres. Anal Chem 2008; 80:3655-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800023r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lin
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guoping Yao
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dawei Qi
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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14
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15
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Lin S, Yun D, Qi D, Deng C, Li Y, Zhang X. Novel microwave-assisted digestion by trypsin-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles for proteomic analysis. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:1297-307. [PMID: 18257514 DOI: 10.1021/pr700586j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel microwave-assisted protein digestion method was developed using trypsin-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles (TIMNs). The magnetic nanoparticles worked as not only substrate for enzyme immobilization, but also excellent microwave irradiation absorber and, thus, improved the efficiency of microwave-assisted digestion greatly. Three standard proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA), myoglobin, and cytochrome c, were used to optimize the conditions of this novel digestion method. With the optimized conditions, peptide fragments produced in very short time (only 15 s) could be identified successfully by MALDI-TOF-MS. When it was compared to the conventional in-solution digestion (12 h), equivalent or better digestion efficiency was observed. Even when protein quantity was as low as micrograms, this novel digestion method still could digest proteins successfully, while the same samples by conventional in-solution digestion failed. Moreover, with an external magnetic field, the enzyme could be removed easily and reused. It was verified that, after 4 replicate runs, the TIMNs still kept high activity. To further confirm the efficiency of this rapid digestion method for proteome analysis, it was applied to the protein extract of rat liver. Without any preparation and prefractionation processing, the entire proteome digested by TIMNs in 15 s went through LC-ESI-MS/MS direct analysis. The whole shotgun proteomic experiment was finished in only 1 h with the identification of 313 proteins ( p < 0.01). This new application of TIMNs in microwave-assisted protein digestion really opens a route for large-scale proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lin
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Microwave-assisted Boc-solid phase peptide synthesis of cyclic cysteine-rich peptides. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:683-9. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lill JR, Ingle ES, Liu PS, Pham V, Sandoval WN. Microwave-assisted proteomics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2007; 26:657-71. [PMID: 17474122 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
State-of-the-art proteomic analysis has recently undergone a rapid evolution; with more high-throughput analytical instrumentation and informatic tools available, sample preparation is becoming one of the rate-limiting steps in protein characterization workflows. Recently several protocols have appeared in the literature that employ microwave irradiation as a tool for the preparation of biological samples for subsequent mass spectrometric characterization. Techniques for microwave-assisted bio-catalyzed reactions (including sample reduction and alkylation, enzymatic and chemical digestion, removal and analysis of post-translational modifications and characterization of enzymes and protein-interaction sites) are described. This review summarizes the various approaches undertaken, instrumentation employed, and reduction in overall experimental time observed when microwave assistance is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie R Lill
- Protein Chemistry Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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18
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Khazaei A, Sadri M, Hosseini H. Selective Method for the Conversion of Oximes to Their Corresponding Carbonyl Compounds under Microwave Irradiation by N-Bromo-N-Phenyl-Para-Toluenesulfonamide. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200700145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Lin S, Lin Z, Yao G, Deng C, Yang P, Zhang X. Development of microwave-assisted protein digestion based on trypsin-immobilized magnetic microspheres for highly efficient proteolysis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:3910-3918. [PMID: 17990248 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, very easily prepared trypsin-immobilized magnetic microspheres were applied in microwave-assisted protein digestion and firstly applied for proteome analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Magnetic microspheres with small size were synthesized and modified by 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO). Trypsin was immobilized onto magnetic microspheres through only a one-step reaction of its amine group with GLYMO. When these easily prepared trypsin-immobilized magnetic microspheres were applied in microwave-assisted protein digestion, the magnetic microspheres not only functionalized as substrate for trypsin immobilization, but also as an excellent microwave absorber and thus improved the efficiency of microwave-assisted digestion greatly. Cytochrome c was used as a model protein to verify its digestion efficiency. Without any additives such as organic solvents or urea, peptide fragments produced in 15 s could be confidently identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and better digestion efficiency was obtained comparing to conventional in-solution digestion (12 h). Besides, with an external magnet, trypsin could be used repeatedly and at the same time no contaminants were introduced into the sample solution. It was verified that the enzyme maintained high activity after seven runs. Furthermore, reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) fractions of rat liver extract were also successfully processed using this novel method. These results indicated that this fast and efficient digestion method, which combined the advantages of immobilized trypsin and microwave-assisted protein digestion, will greatly hasten the application of top-down proteomic techniques for large-scale analysis in biological and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lin
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Abstract
As the range of techniques for microwave heating has expanded, so have the areas in which it can have a profound impact. Two emerging areas are the application of microwave heating for the synthesis of peptides, peptoids, oligopeptides and carbohydrates and in the field of proteomics.
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Sun W, Gao S, Wang L, Chen Y, Wu S, Wang X, Zheng D, Gao Y. Microwave-assisted protein preparation and enzymatic digestion in proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2005; 5:769-76. [PMID: 16339992 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.t500022-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The combinations of gel electrophoresis or LC and mass spectrometry are two popular approaches for large scale protein identification. However, the throughput of both approaches is limited by the speed of the protein digestion process. Present research into fast protein enzymatic digestion has been focused mainly on known proteins, and it is unclear whether these results can be extrapolated to complex protein mixtures. In this study microwave technology was used to develop a fast protein preparation and enzymatic digestion method for protein mixtures. The protein mixtures in solution or in gel were prepared and digested by microwave-assisted protein enzymatic digestion, which rapidly produces peptide fragments. The peptide fragments were further analyzed by capillary LC and ESI-ion trap-MS or MALDI-TOF-MS. The technique was optimized using bovine serum albumin and then applied to human urinary proteins and yeast lysate. The method enabled preparation and digestion of protein mixtures in solution (human urinary proteins) or in gel (yeast lysate) in 6 or 25 min, respectively. Equivalent (in-solution) or better (in-gel) digestion efficiency was obtained using microwave-assisted protein enzymatic digestion compared with the standard overnight digestion method. This new application of microwave technology to protein mixture preparation and enzymatic digestion will hasten the application of proteomic techniques to biological and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Proteomics Research Center and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China.
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22
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Facile microwave-assisted synthesis of 9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11-carboxylic acid methyl ester. Molecules 2005; 10:1409-12. [PMID: 18007536 PMCID: PMC6147557 DOI: 10.3390/10111409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Revised: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile, high yielding synthesis of 9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethano- anthracene-11-carboxylic acid methyl ester using a modified commercial domestic microwave oven is reported.
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Wen LR, Wang SW, Li M, Qi WY, Zhang XL, Yang HZ. An Unexpected and Green Synthetic Protocol for Ethyl 1-Aroyl/Aroylmethyl-5-methyl-3-methylthiopyrazole-4-carboxylates: High Regioselectivity in Alkylation and Acylation Reactions between N-1 and N-2 of a Pyrazole Ring. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200500143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhong H, Marcus SL, Li L. Microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis of proteins combined with liquid chromatography MALDI MS/MS for protein identification. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2005; 16:471-81. [PMID: 15792716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2004.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Revised: 12/23/2004] [Accepted: 12/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Simple and efficient digestion of proteins, particularly hydrophobic membrane proteins, is of significance for comprehensive proteome analysis using the bottom-up approach. We report a microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis (MAAH) method for rapid protein degradation for peptide mass mapping and tandem mass spectrometric analysis of peptides for protein identification. It uses 25% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) aqueous solution to dissolve or suspend proteins, followed by microwave irradiation for 10 min. This detergent-free method generates peptide mixtures that can be directly analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC) matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) without the need of extensive sample cleanup. LC-MALDI MS/MS analysis of the hydrolysate from 5 microg of a model transmembrane protein, bacteriorhodopsin, resulted in almost complete sequence coverage by the peptides detected, including the identification of two posttranslational modification sites. Cleavage of peptide bonds inside all seven transmembrane domains took place, generating peptides of sizes amenable to MS/MS to determine possible sequence errors or modifications within these domains. Cleavage specificity, such as glycine residue cleavage, was observed. Terminal peptides were found to be present in relatively high abundance in the hydrolysate, particularly when low concentrations of proteins were used for MAAH. It was shown that these peptides could still be detected from MAAH of bacteriorhodopsin at a protein concentration of 1 ng/microl or 37 fmol/microl. To evaluate the general applicability of this method, it was applied to identify proteins from a membrane protein enriched fraction of cell lysates of human breast cancer cell line MCF7. With one-dimensional LC-MALDI MS/MS, a total of 119 proteins, including 41 membrane-associated or membrane proteins containing one to 12 transmembrane domains, were identified by MS/MS database searching based on matches of at least two peptides to a protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Lin SS, Wu CH, Sun MC, Sun CM, Ho YP. Microwave-assisted enzyme-catalyzed reactions in various solvent systems. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2005; 16:581-8. [PMID: 15792728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Revised: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The work describes the accelerated enzymatic digestion of several proteins in various solvent systems under microwave irradiation. The tryptic fragments of the proteins were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Under the influence of rapid microwave heating, these enzymatic reactions can proceed in a solvent such as chloroform, which, under traditional digestion conditions, renders the enzyme inactive. The digestion efficiencies and sequence coverages were increased when the trypsin digestions occurred in acetonitrile-, methanol- and chloroform-containing solutions that were heated under microwave irradiation for 10 min using a commercial microwave applicator. The percentage of the protein digested under microwave irradiation increased with the relative acetonitrile content, but decreased as the methanol content was increased. These observations suggest that acetonitrile does not deactivate the enzyme during the irradiation period; in contrast, methanol does deactivate it. In all cases, the digestion efficiencies under microwave irradiation exceed those under conventional conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Abstract
Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with mass spectrometry has significantly improved the possibilities of large-scale identification of proteins. However, 2-DE is limited by its inability to speed up the in-gel digestion process. We have developed a new approach to speed up the protein identification process utilizing microwave technology. Proteins excised from gels are subjected to in-gel digestion with endoprotease trypsin by microwave irradiation, which rapidly produces peptide fragments. The peptide fragments were further analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization technique for protein identification. The efficacy of this technique for protein mapping was demonstrated by the mass spectral analyses of the peptide fragmentation of several proteins, including lysozyme, albumin, conalbumin, and ribonuclease A. The method reduced the required time for in-gel digestion of proteins from 16 hours to as little as five minutes. This new application of microwave technology to protein identification will be an important advancement in biotechnology and proteome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei.
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Pramanik BN, Mirza UA, Ing YH, Liu YH, Bartner PL, Weber PC, Bose AK. Microwave-enhanced enzyme reaction for protein mapping by mass spectrometry: a new approach to protein digestion in minutes. Protein Sci 2002; 11:2676-87. [PMID: 12381849 PMCID: PMC2373716 DOI: 10.1110/ps.0213702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated proteolytic cleavage of proteins under controlled microwave irradiation has been achieved. Selective peptide fragmentation by endoproteases trypsin or lysine C led to smaller peptides that were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) or liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization (LC-ESI) techniques. The efficacy of this technique for protein mapping was demonstrated by the mass spectral analyses of the peptide fragmentation of several biologically active proteins, including cytochrome c, ubiquitin, lysozyme, myoglobin, and interferon alpha-2b. Most important, using this novel approach digestion of proteins occurs in minutes, in contrast to the hours required by conventional methods.
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Bose AK, Ing YH, Lavlinskaia N, Sareen C, Pramanik BN, Bartner PL, Liu YH, Heimark L. Microwave enhanced Akabori reaction for peptide analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2002; 13:839-850. [PMID: 12148808 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-0305(02)00387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Akabori reaction, devised in 1952 for the identification of C-terminus amino acids, involves the heating of a linear peptide in the presence of anhydrous hydrazine in a sealed tube for several hours. We report here a modified Akabori reaction that rapidly identifies the C-terminus amino acid in a polypeptide including its amino acid sequence information at both the C-terminus and the N-terminus. This modified methodology demonstrates the fundamentals of microwave chemistry applied to bioanalytical problems. In this modified process, hydrazinolysis has been accelerated by the application of microwave irradiation. In our reaction, the linear peptide and hydrazine solution, contained in a loosely covered conical flask, was exposed to a few minutes of irradiation using an unmodified domestic microwave oven. While the classical Akabori reaction required several hours, the microwave assisted reaction takes just minutes. If dimethyl sulfoxide is added to dilute the reaction mixture, the process is retarded enough to allow aliquots of the reaction mixture to be drawn every few minutes over a period of about an hour in order to study the progress of hydrazinolysis. Reaction products were monitored by mass spectrometry-primarily FAB-MS. In addition to providing sequence information, the microwave enhanced Akabori reaction quickly detects the presence of arginine (Arg) by converting each Arg to ornithine (Orn). Furthermore, certain amino acids, containing beta-SH, CO2H, and CONH2 groups in their side chain, are susceptible to modification by hydrazine, thereby, providing rapid confirmation of the presence of these amino acid residues. In these preliminary studies, the following oligopeptides were analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach; the dipeptide (Trp-Phe), the tripeptide (Tyr-Gly-Gly), the tetrapeptide (Pro-Phe-Gly-Lys), the heptapeptide (Ala-Pro-Arg-Leu-Arg-Phe-Tyr), and a N-terminal blocked tripeptide (N-acetyl-Met-Leu-Phe).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay K Bose
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, George Barasch Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
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Kaatze U. The dielectric properties of water in its different states of interaction. J SOLUTION CHEM 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02768829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cha CY, Kim BI, Lumpkin RE, Quinga EM. REACTION RATE OF MICROWAVE PYROLYSIS OF COAL IN CHAR BED. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/08843759308916129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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