A three‐component process for the synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1 H )‐one derivatives using nanosized nickel aluminate spinel crystals as highly efficient catalysts

Organocatalysed synthesis of N-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)isonicotinamide: computational, electrochemical, drug-likeness and antimicrobial studies

We have developed novel and sustainable homogeneous catalysts employing Glutamic acid (Glu) as a biodegradable and eco-friendly organocatalyst for the synthesis of N-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)isonicotinamide derivatives (5a-l) via multicomponent reactions (MCRs) of isatoic anhydride, isoniazid and heteroaromatic/aromatic aldehyde in ethanol on oil bath stirring at 60 °C. Selected final product homogeneity was examined by various spectroscopic techniques such as 13C-, 1H- NMR, FT-IR and LC-MS. For the first time, herein investigated electrochemical behavior of selected derivatives (5c, 5h-l) using cyclic voltammetry method. The results of this investigation indicated compounds 5i, 5h and 5l exhibited highest levels of oxidation and reduction potential. Further, pharmacokinetic properties were assessed via SwissADME online tool, derivatives tested complied with Lipinski's rule of five for drug-likeness. Furthermore, molecular docking studies demonstrated for significant binding between the protein and ligand, and affinity values ranged from - 8.91 to - 8.45 kcal/mol, and MM/PBSA estimated high negative values suggested significant interactions between ligand and protein. Moreover, antibacterial evaluation of compounds 5i in water, and 5k in DMSO on Salmonella typhimurium showed pronounced effect with inhibition zone of 15 ± 0.6 mm and 20 ± 0.4 mm, respectively as compared to the standard tetracycline inhibition zone of 15 ± 0.5 mm.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04188-z.

Synthesis and Docking Studies of Novel Spiro[5,8-methanoquinazoline-2,3'-indoline]-2',4-dione Derivatives

In this study, a set of spiro[5,8-methanoquinazoline-2,3'-indoline]-2',4-dione derivatives 3a-p were synthesized starting from unsubstituted and N-methyl-substituted diendo- and diexo-2-aminonorbornene carboxamides, as well as various substituted isatins. The typical method involves a condensation reaction of alicyclic aminocarboxamide and isatin in the presence of a catalyst, using a solvent and an acceptable temperature. We developed a cost-effective and ecologically benign high-speed ball milling (HSBM), microwave irradiation (MW), and continuous flow (CF) technique to synthesize spiroquinazolinone molecule 3a. The structures of the synthesized compounds 3a-p were determined using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopies. Furthermore, docking studies and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and toxicity (ADMET) predictions were used in this work. In agreement with the corresponding features found in the case of both the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (RCSB Protein Data Bank: 6LU7) and human mast cell tryptase (RCSB Protein Data Bank: 2ZA5) based on the estimated total energy and binding affinity, H bonds, and hydrophobicity in silico, compound 3d among our 3a-g, 3i-k, and 3m derivatives was found to be our top-rated compound.

Marine-derived magnetic nanocatalyst in sustainable ultrasound-assisted synthesis of 2,3-diphenyl-2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-One derivatives

This research presents a sustainable approach to fabricate iron oxide nanoparticles by employing phytochemicals derived from marine grass extract as both reducing and stabilizing agents. Formation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) initially confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) showing absorption peak at 370 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques unveiled magnetic iron oxide NPs with a rod shape, an average size of 21 nm, and an inverse spinel crystal structure. The participation of organic compounds in the production and stabilization of MNPs was evidenced through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) demonstrated the magnetic properties of iron oxide NPs showing a saturation magnetization value of 21.46 emu/g. The catalytic efficiency of these marine-assisted MNPs was evaluated in a one-pot three-component reaction involving isatoic anhydride, aromatic aldehydes, and amines under ultrasonic conditions. Under optimal conditions, a low dose of 1.5 mg of biobased magnetite nanoparticles yielded dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-One products with up to 95 % efficiency in a brief duration of 15 min at an ultrasonic power intensity of 130 W. Different directing groups were investigated, and control experiments were carried out to enhance the understanding of the reaction mechanism. The obtained results highlight the synergistic effect of marine grass-mediated magnetic nanocatalysts combined with ultrasonic-assisted synthesis in developing sustainable green methodologies in organic synthesis.

Pd(II)-Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of o-Aminobenzoic Acids with CO, Amines, and Aldehydes to N3-/N1,N3-Substituted 2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones

The unprecedented Pd(II)-catalyzed cascade annulation of o-aminobenzoic acids with CO, amines, and aldehydes has been developed. This protocol provides an efficient and concise approach to selective construction of N3-substituted and N1,N3-disubstituted 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones mostly in moderate to excellent yields from simple and easily available starting materials under mild conditions featured with low cost, high step economy, broad substrate scope, and good product diversity.