Ultrasound‐assisted synthesis of 3‐(1‐(2‐(1 H ‐indol‐3‐yl)ethyl)‐2‐aryl‐6,6‐dimethyl‐4‐oxo‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1 H ‐indol‐3‐yl)indolin‐2‐ones by novel core‐shell bio‐based nanocatalyst anchoring sulfonated L ‐histidine on magnetized silica (SO 3 H‐ L ‐His@SiO 2 ‐nano Fe 3 O 4 )

Trimetallic ferrite functionalized by guaninium tartrate ionic liquid (Co0.2Zn0.6Cu0.2Fe2O4-SiO2@[GuaH]+[Tar]2‒[GuaH]+) as a novel inorganic-bioorganic nanostructure to promote aqua-mediated synthesis of polyhydroxy-substituted pyridine-dipyrimidine fused heterocycles

In this work, a Cobalt-Zinc-Copper ferrite (Co0.2Zn0.6Cu0.2Fe2O4, CZCF) was synthesized and functionalized with silica and guaninium tartrate ionic liquid (Co0.2Zn0.6Cu0.2Fe2O4-SiO2@[GuaH]+[Tar]2‒[GuaH]+). The novel bio-nanostructure was characterized by various techniques such as fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), EDAX mapping, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric/differential thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and zeta potential analysis. The synthesized bio-nanocomposite exhibited high catalytic activity for the aqua-mediated synthesis of polyhydroxy-substituted pyridine-dipyrimidine fused heterocycles through the one-pot pseudo four-component reaction of carbohydrates (sugars), barbituric acid, and amines under refluxing conditions. The recyclability and reusability of the bio-nanocatalyst were successfully investigated for up to three runs. Moreover, the features of the recovered Co0.2Zn0.6Cu0.2Fe2O4-SiO2@[GuaH]+[Tar]2‒[GuaH]+ were examined via the EDAX analysis and FESEM images. In the theoretical section, the interaction sites between L-tartaric acid and guanine in an aqueous medium were investigated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) computational level. Additionally, the formation of more stable configurations of dimers and trimers in IL was studied from a thermodynamic point of view.

Nano silicated-FeAl2O4 functionalized by DL-alaninium nitrate ionic liquid (FeAl2O4-SiO2@[DL-Ala][NO3]) as versatile promotor for aqua-mediated synthesis of spiro[chromenopyrazole-indene-triones and spiro[chromenopyrazole-indoline-diones

In this work, the spinel FeAl2O4 was prepared and functionalized step-by-step with silica and alaninium nitrate ionic liquid ([DL-Ala][NO3]) to produce a bio-based multi-layered nanostructure (nano FeAl2O4-SiO2@[DL-Ala][NO3]). The obtained magnetized inorganic-bioorganic nanohybrid characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. A facile synthesis of some tricyclic dihydro-spiro[chromeno[2,3-c]pyrazole-4,2'-indene]triones and dihydro-spiro[chromeno[2,3-c]pyrazole-4,3'-indoline]diones via domino four-component one-pot reaction of various hydrazine derivatives, ethyl acetoacetate, heterocyclic 1,2-ketones (ninhydrin, isatin, 5-bromoisatin) and cyclic 1,3-diketones (dimedone and 1,3-cyclohexanedine), examined in the presence of nano FeAl2O4-SiO2@[DL-Ala][NO3] nanohybrid in refluxing aqueous media, successfully. The multi-aspect characteristics of the nanohybrid which consist of magnetized inorganic and bioorganic parts, could be the reason of its special catalytic efficacy. The recovery and reusability of the FeAl2O4-SiO2@[DL-Ala][NO3] magnetized nanoparticles (MNPs) were performed in two runs without significant activity loss.

Metal-bio functionalized bismuthmagnetite [Fe3-x Bi x O4/SiO2@l-ArgEt3 +I-/Zn(ii)]: a novel bionanocomposite for the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2,4-dioxobenzo[b][1,4]diazepine malononitriles and malonamides at room temperature and under sonication

In this work, a new magnetized composite of bismuth (Fe3-x Bi x O4) was prepared and functionalized stepwise with silica, triethylargininium iodide ionic liquid, and Zn(ii) to prepare a multi-layered core-shell bio-nanostructure, [Fe3-x Bi x O4/SiO2@l-ArgEt3 +I-/Zn(ii)]. The modified bismuth magnetic amino acid-containing nanocomposite was characterized using several techniques including Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetric (TGA/DSC) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The magnetized bionanocomposite exhibited high catalytic activity for the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2,4-dioxobenzo[b][1,4]diazepine malononitriles via five-component reactions between 1,2-phenylenediamines, Meldrum's acid, malononitrile, aldehydes, and isocyanides at room temperature in ethanol. The efficacy of this protocol was also examined to obtain malonamide derivatives via pseudo six-component reactions of 1,4-phenylenediamine, Meldrum's acid, malononitrile, aldehydes, and isocyanides. When the above-mentioned MCRs were repeated under the same conditions with the application of sonication, a notable decrease in the reaction time was observed. The recovery and reusability of the metal-bio functionalized bismuthmagnetite were examined successfully in 3 runs. Furthermore, the characteristics of the recovered Fe3-x Bi x O4/SiO2@l-ArgEt3 +I-/Zn(ii) were investigated though FESEM and EDAX analysis.

Green synthesis of some 3-(α,α-diarylmethyl)indoles by bio-nanocomposite from embedding L-histidinium trichloroacetate ionic liquid on functionalized magnetite (L-His+CCl3CO2-@PEG@SiO2-nano Fe3O4)

In this research, a new multilayered magnetized bio-nanocomposite has been prepared. At first, the amino acid-based ionic liquid was obtained from L-histidine and trichloroacetic acid (L-His⁺CCl₃CO₂^-), embedded on the polyethylene glycol-functionalized silicated-nanomagnetite, to prepare the final nanostructure (L-His⁺CCl₃CO₂^-@PEG@SiO₂-nano Fe₃O₄). The bio-nanocomposite was characterized by several techniques such as FT-IR, FESEM, TGA/DTG, EDAX, TEM, VSM, and XRD. The catalytic activity of the core-shell nanostructure was examined in one-pot three-component reaction between aryl aldehydes, indoles, and β-naphthol/phenols to get some new 3-(α,α-diarylmethyl)indoles under solvent-free conditions at 75 °C. Eco-friendly protocol in the absence of hazardous solvents, no observation of by-products such as bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs), in addition to recovery and reusability of the nanostructure within 3 runs without activity loss are some highlighted notable features of the work. The reused bio-nanocomposite was also characterized through FESEM technique.