1
|
Shkunnikova S, Mijakovac A, Sironic L, Hanic M, Lauc G, Kavur MM. IgG glycans in health and disease: Prediction, intervention, prognosis, and therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108169. [PMID: 37207876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (IgG) glycosylation is a complex enzymatically controlled process, essential for the structure and function of IgG. IgG glycome is relatively stable in the state of homeostasis, yet its alterations have been associated with aging, pollution and toxic exposure, as well as various diseases, including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, cardiometabolic diseases, infectious diseases and cancer. IgG is also an effector molecule directly involved in the inflammation processes included in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Numerous recently published studies support the idea that IgG N-glycosylation fine-tunes the immune response and plays a significant role in chronic inflammation. This makes it a promising novel biomarker of biological age, and a prognostic, diagnostic and treatment evaluation tool. Here we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the IgG glycosylation in health and disease, and its potential applications in pro-active prevention and monitoring of various health interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Shkunnikova
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anika Mijakovac
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Sironic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Hanic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ulica Ante Kovačića 1, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen SF, Yeh FC, Chen CY, Chang HY. Tailored therapeutic decision of rheumatoid arthritis using proteomic strategies: how to start and when to stop? Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:22. [PMID: 37301840 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Unpredictable treatment responses have been an obstacle for the successful management of rheumatoid arthritis. Although numerous serum proteins have been proposed, there is a lack of integrative survey to compare their relevance in predicting treatment outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis. Also, little is known about their applications in various treatment stages, such as dose modification, drug switching or withdrawal. Here we present an in-depth exploration of the potential usefulness of serum proteins in clinical decision-making and unveil the spectrum of immunopathology underlying responders to different drugs. Patients with robust autoimmunity and inflammation are more responsive to biological treatments and prone to relapse during treatment de-escalation. Moreover, the concentration changes of serum proteins at the beginning of the treatments possibly assist early recognition of treatment responders. With a better understanding of the relationship between the serum proteome and treatment responses, personalized medicine in rheumatoid arthritis will be more achievable in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Fu Chen
- Department of Heavy Particles & Radiation Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chiang Yeh
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yin Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli District, Taoyuan, 320317, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hanić M, Vučković F, Deriš H, Bewshea C, Lin S, Goodhand JR, Ahmad T, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Kennedy NA, Lauc G, Consortium PANTS. Anti-TNF Biologicals Enhance the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of IgG N-Glycome in Crohn's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:954. [PMID: 37371534 PMCID: PMC10295852 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammation of the digestive tract that significantly impairs patients' quality of life and well-being. Anti-TNF biologicals revolutionised the treatment of CD, yet many patients do not adequately respond to such therapy. Previous studies have demonstrated a pro-inflammatory pattern in the composition of CD patients' immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycome compared to healthy individuals. Here, we utilised the high-throughput UHPLC method for N-glycan analysis to explore the longitudinal effect of the anti-TNF drugs infliximab and adalimumab on N-glycome composition of total serum IgG in 198 patients, as well as the predictive potential of IgG N-glycans at baseline to detect primary non-responders to anti-TNF therapy in 1315 patients. We discovered a significant decrease in IgG agalactosylation and an increase in monogalactosylation, digalactosylation and sialylation during the 14 weeks of anti-TNF treatment, regardless of therapy response, all of which suggested a diminished inflammatory environment in CD patients treated with anti-TNF therapy. Furthermore, we observed that IgG N-glycome might contain certain information regarding the anti-TNF therapy outcome before initiating the treatment. However, it is impossible to predict future primary non-responders to anti-TNF therapy based solely on IgG N-glycome composition at baseline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Hanić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.H.); (F.V.); (H.D.); (I.T.-A.)
| | - Frano Vučković
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.H.); (F.V.); (H.D.); (I.T.-A.)
| | - Helena Deriš
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.H.); (F.V.); (H.D.); (I.T.-A.)
| | - Claire Bewshea
- Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4SB, UK; (C.B.); (S.L.); (J.R.G.); (T.A.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Simeng Lin
- Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4SB, UK; (C.B.); (S.L.); (J.R.G.); (T.A.); (N.A.K.)
| | - James R. Goodhand
- Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4SB, UK; (C.B.); (S.L.); (J.R.G.); (T.A.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Tariq Ahmad
- Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4SB, UK; (C.B.); (S.L.); (J.R.G.); (T.A.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Irena Trbojević-Akmačić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.H.); (F.V.); (H.D.); (I.T.-A.)
| | - Nicholas A. Kennedy
- Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4SB, UK; (C.B.); (S.L.); (J.R.G.); (T.A.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.H.); (F.V.); (H.D.); (I.T.-A.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Distinct Longitudinal Changes in Immunoglobulin G N-Glycosylation Associate with Therapy Response in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158473. [PMID: 35955616 PMCID: PMC9368836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressants and biologicals are widely used therapeutics for various chronic inflammatory diseases (CID). To gain more detailed insight into their downstream effects, we examined their impact on serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation. We analyzed IgG subclass-specific fragment crystallizable (Fc) N-glycosylation in patients suffering from various CID using the LC-MS approach. Firstly, we compared IgG Fc N-glycosylation between 128 CID patients and 204 healthy controls. Our results replicated previously observed CID-related decrease in IgG Fc galactosylation (adjusted p-value range 1.70 × 10−2–5.95 × 10−22) and sialylation (adjusted p-value range 1.85 × 10−2–1.71 × 10−18). Secondly, to assess changes in IgG Fc N-glycosylation associated with therapy and remission status, we compared 139 CID patients receiving either azathioprine, infliximab, or vedolizumab therapy. We observed an increase in IgG Fc galactosylation (adjusted p-value range 1.98 × 10−2–1.30 × 10−15) and sialylation (adjusted p-value range 3.28 × 10−6–4.34 × 10−18) during the treatment. Furthermore, patients who reached remission displayed increased Fc galactosylation levels (p-value range 2.25 × 10−2–5.44 × 10−3) in comparison to patients with active disease. In conclusion, the alterations in IgG Fc glycosylation and the fact these changes are even more pronounced in patients who achieved remission, suggest modulation of IgG inflammatory potential associated with CID therapy.
Collapse
|
5
|
Flevaris K, Kontoravdi C. Immunoglobulin G N-glycan Biomarkers for Autoimmune Diseases: Current State and a Glycoinformatics Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095180. [PMID: 35563570 PMCID: PMC9100869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective treatment of autoimmune disorders can greatly benefit from disease-specific biomarkers that are functionally involved in immune system regulation and can be collected through minimally invasive procedures. In this regard, human serum IgG N-glycans are promising for uncovering disease predisposition and monitoring progression, and for the identification of specific molecular targets for advanced therapies. In particular, the IgG N-glycome in diseased tissues is considered to be disease-dependent; thus, specific glycan structures may be involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases. This study provides a critical overview of the literature on human IgG N-glycomics, with a focus on the identification of disease-specific glycan alterations. In order to expedite the establishment of clinically-relevant N-glycan biomarkers, the employment of advanced computational tools for the interpretation of clinical data and their relationship with the underlying molecular mechanisms may be critical. Glycoinformatics tools, including artificial intelligence and systems glycobiology approaches, are reviewed for their potential to provide insight into patient stratification and disease etiology. Challenges in the integration of such glycoinformatics approaches in N-glycan biomarker research are critically discussed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Trzos S, Link-Lenczowski P, Sokołowski G, Pocheć E. Changes of IgG N-Glycosylation in Thyroid Autoimmunity: The Modulatory Effect of Methimazole in Graves' Disease and the Association With the Severity of Inflammation in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841710. [PMID: 35370997 PMCID: PMC8965101 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-glycome of immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most abundant glycoprotein in human blood serum, reflects pathological conditions of autoimmunity and is sensitive to medicines applied in disease therapy. Due to the high sensitivity of N-glycosylation, the IgG N-glycan profile may serve as an indicator of an ongoing inflammatory process. The IgG structure and its effector functions are strongly dependent on the composition of N-glycans attached to the Fc fragment, and the binding of antigens is regulated by Fab sugar moieties. Because of the crucial role of N-glycans in IgG function, remodeling of its N-oligosaccharides can induce pathological changes that ultimately contribute to the development of autoimmunity; restoration of their physiological structure is critical to the reduction of disease symptoms. Our recently published data have shown that the pathology of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD), is accompanied by alterations of the composition of IgG N-glycans. The present study is a more in-depth investigation of IgG glycosylation in both AITDs, designed to determine the relationship between the severity of thyroid inflammation and IgG N-glycan structures in HT, and to assess the impact of immunosuppressive therapy on the N-glycan profile in GD patients. The study material consisted of human serum samples collected from donors with elevated anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) and/or anti-thyroperoxidase (TPO) IgGs without symptoms of hypothyroidism (n=68), HT patients characterized by high autoantibody titers and advanced destruction of the thyroid gland (n=113), GD patients with up-regulated IgG against thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) before (n=62) and after (n=47) stabilization of TSH level as a result of methimazole therapy (study groups), and healthy donors (control group, n=90). IgG was isolated from blood serum using protein G affinity chromatography. N-glycans were released from IgG by PNGase F digestion and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) after 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB) labeling. UPLC-MS chromatograms were integrated into 25 peaks (GP) in the Waters UNIFI Scientific Information System, and N-glycans were assigned based on the glucose unit values and mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) of the detected ions. The Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was used to determine the statistical significance of the results (p<0.05). The obtained results suggest that modifications of IgG sialylation, galactosylation and core-fucosylation are associated with the severity of HT symptoms. Methimazole therapy implemented in GD patients affected the IgG N-glycan profile; as a result, the content of the sialylated and galactosylated oligosaccharides with core fucose differed after treatment. Our results suggest that N-glycosylation of IgG undergoes dynamic changes during the intensification of thyroiditis in HT, and that in GD autoimmunity it is affected significantly by immunosuppressive therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Trzos
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Link-Lenczowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sokołowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Pocheć
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Capecchi R, Migliorini P, Zanzi F, Maltinti S, Puxeddu I, de Bortoli N, Bellini M, Costa F, Marchi S, Bertani L. Ig Glycosylation in Ulcerative Colitis: It's Time for New Biomarkers. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:654319. [PMID: 33897440 PMCID: PMC8062917 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.654319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing disease, which needs a continue monitoring, especially during biological therapies. An increasing number of patients is treated with anti-Tumor Necrosis factor (TNF) drugs, and current research is focalized to identify biomarkers able to monitor the disease and to predict therapeutic outcome. Methods: We enrolled consecutive UC patients treated with anti-TNF, naïve to biologic drugs. Therapeutic outcome was evaluated after 54 weeks of treatment in terms of clinical remission (Partial Mayo Score -PMS- <2) and mucosal healing (Mayo Endoscopic Score <2). On serum samples collected at baseline and after 54 weeks of treatment, a Lectin-based ELISA assay was performed, and specific glycosylation patterns were evaluated by biotin-labelled lectins. We have also collected 21 healthy controls (NHS) samples, age and sex-matched. Results: Out of 44 UC patients enrolled, 22 achieved clinical remission and mucosal healing after 54 weeks. At baseline, when Protein A was used as coating, UC patients non-responders showed a reduced reactivity to Jacalin (JAC) in comparison with NHS (p = 0.04). After one year of treatment, a decrease in JAC binding was seen only in responders, in comparison with baseline (p = 0.04). When JAC binding was tested selecting IgG by means of Fab anti-IgG Fab, UC patients displayed an increased reactivity after anti-TNF therapy (p < 0,0001 vs controls). At baseline, PMS inversely correlates with JAC binding when Fab anti-IgG Fab was used in solid phase (r2 = 0,2211; p = 0,0033). Patients with higher PMS at baseline (PMS ≥5) presented lower binding capacity for JAC in comparison with NHS and with lower PMS patients (p = 0,0135 and p = 0,0089, respectively). Conclusion: Ig glycosylation was correlated with clinical and endoscopic activity in patients with UC. JAC protein A-selected Ig showed a possible role in predicting therapeutic effectiveness. If these data would be confirmed, Ig glycosylation could be used as biomarker in UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Capecchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Migliorini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Zanzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Maltinti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Puxeddu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola de Bortoli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Bellini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Costa
- IBD Unit, Department of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Santino Marchi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bertani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kaneko C, Kobayashi T, Ito S, Sugita N, Murasawa A, Ishikawa H, Tabeta K. Association among periodontitis severity, anti-agalactosyl immunoglobulin G titer, and the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:702-709. [PMID: 33641208 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the periodontal and serological parameters and the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and between the anti-agalactosyl immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer and periodontitis severity. The objective was also to assess the effect of supragingival scaling on the serological parameters in patients with RA. BACKGROUND The periodontal and serological parameters in relation to the autoimmune inflammatory response have been linked to RA disease activity. However, the association of the anti-agalactosyl IgG titer with RA disease activity and periodontitis severity has not been elucidated. METHODS The periodontal, rheumatologic, and serological data were collected from 127 patients with RA in a retrospective cohort study. Of the 127 patients, 21 had been randomly assigned to receive oral hygiene instruction and supragingival scaling. The anti-agalactosyl IgG titer was determined by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS The patients with a moderate to high RA disease activity showed significantly higher levels of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide IgG, and anti-agalactosyl IgG titer and greater mean percentages of severe periodontitis than those with a low RA disease activity (p < .05 for all). Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed a significantly positive correlation between the PD and RA disease activity (p = .009 and p = .001), between the anti-agalactosyl IgG titer and RA disease activity (p = .002 and p < .001), and between the anti-agalactosyl IgG titer and PD (p < .001 for both). Supragingival scaling significantly decreased the anti-agalactosyl IgG titer (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION The PD and anti-agalactosyl IgG titer are positively interrelated, both of which are correlated positively with RA disease activity and influenced by supragingival scaling in patients with RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Kaneko
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kobayashi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,General Dentistry and Clinical Education Unit, Faculty of Dentistry & Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ito
- Department of Rheumatology, Niigata Rheumatic Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Noriko Sugita
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akira Murasawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Niigata Rheumatic Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishikawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Niigata Rheumatic Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Changes in immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation pattern have been observed in a vast array of auto- and alloimmune, infectious, cardiometabolic, malignant, and other diseases. This chapter contains an updated catalog of over 140 studies within which IgG glycosylation analysis was performed in a disease setting. Since the composition of IgG glycans is known to modulate its effector functions, it is suggested that a changed IgG glycosylation pattern in patients might be involved in disease development and progression, representing a predisposition and/or a functional effector in disease pathology. In contrast to the glycopattern of bulk serum IgG, which likely relates to the systemic inflammatory background, the glycosylation profile of antigen-specific IgG probably plays a direct role in disease pathology in several infectious and allo- and autoimmune antibody-dependent diseases. Depending on the specifics of any given disease, IgG glycosylation read-out might therefore in the future be developed into a useful clinical biomarker or a supplementary to currently used biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Pezer
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ząbczyńska M, Link-Lenczowski P, Pocheć E. Glycosylation in Autoimmune Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:205-218. [PMID: 34495537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are accompanied by changes in protein glycosylation, in both the immune system and target tissues. The best-studied alteration in autoimmunity is agalactosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG), characterized primarily in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and then detected also in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The rebuilding of IgG N-glycans in RA correlates with the relapses and remissions of the disease, is associated with physiological states such as pregnancy but also depends on applied anti-inflammatory therapy. In turn, a decreased core fucosylation of the whole pool of IgG N-glycans is a serum glycomarker in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) encompassing Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Grave's disease (GD). However, fucosylation of anti-thyroglobulin IgG (an immunological marker of HT) was elevated in HT serum. Core fucosylation of IgG oligosaccharides was also lowered in MS and SLE. In AITD and IBD, chronic inflammation T lymphocytes showed the reduced expression of MGAT5 gene encoding β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) responsible for β1,6-branching of N-glycans, which is important for T cell receptor activation. Structural changes of glycans have a profound effect on the pro-inflammatory activity of immune cells and serum immune proteins, including IgG in autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ząbczyńska
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Link-Lenczowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Pocheć
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dall'Olio F, Malagolini N. Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation Changes in Aging and Other Inflammatory Conditions. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:303-340. [PMID: 34687015 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the multiple roles played by protein glycosylation, the fine regulation of biological interactions is one of the most important. The asparagine 297 (Asn297) of IgG heavy chains is decorated by a diantennary glycan bearing a number of galactose and sialic acid residues on the branches ranging from 0 to 2. In addition, the structure can present core-linked fucose and/or a bisecting GlcNAc. In many inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, as well as in metabolic, cardiovascular, infectious, and neoplastic diseases, the IgG Asn297-linked glycan becomes less sialylated and less galactosylated, leading to increased expression of glycans terminating with GlcNAc. These conditions alter also the presence of core-fucose and bisecting GlcNAc. Importantly, similar glycomic alterations are observed in aging. The common condition, shared by the above-mentioned pathological conditions and aging, is a low-grade, chronic, asymptomatic inflammatory state which, in the case of aging, is known as inflammaging. Glycomic alterations associated with inflammatory diseases often precede disease onset and follow remission. The aberrantly glycosylated IgG glycans associated with inflammation and aging can sustain inflammation through different mechanisms, fueling a vicious loop. These include complement activation, Fcγ receptor binding, binding to lectin receptors on antigen-presenting cells, and autoantibody reactivity. The complex molecular bases of the glycomic changes associated with inflammation and aging are still poorly understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rheumatoid Arthritis in the View of Osteoimmunology. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010048. [PMID: 33396412 PMCID: PMC7823493 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by synovial inflammation and irreversible bone erosions, both highlighting the immense reciprocal relationship between the immune and bone systems, designed osteoimmunology two decades ago. Osteoclast-mediated resorption at the interface between synovium and bone is responsible for the articular bone erosions. The main triggers of this local bone resorption are autoantibodies directed against citrullinated proteins, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, that regulate both the formation and activity of the osteoclast, as well as immune cell functions. In addition, local bone loss is due to the suppression of osteoblast-mediated bone formation and repair by inflammatory cytokines. Similarly, inflammation affects systemic bone remodeling in rheumatoid arthritis with the net increase in bone resorption, leading to systemic osteoporosis. This review summarizes the substantial progress that has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of systemic and local bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Markina YV, Gerasimova EV, Markin AM, Glanz VY, Wu WK, Sobenin IA, Orekhov AN. Sialylated Immunoglobulins for the Treatment of Immuno-Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155472. [PMID: 32751832 PMCID: PMC7432344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins are the potent effector proteins of the humoral immune response. In the course of evolution, immunoglobulins have formed extremely diverse types of molecular structures with antigen-recognizing, antigen-binding, and effector functions embedded in a single molecule. Polysaccharide moiety of immunoglobulins plays the essential role in immunoglobulin functioning. There is growing evidence that the carbohydrate composition of immunoglobulin-linked glycans, and especially their terminal sialic acid residues, provide a key effect on the effector functions of immunoglobulins. Possibly, sialylation of Fc glycan is a common mechanism of IgG anti-inflammatory action in vivo. Thus, the post-translational modification (glycosylation) of immunoglobulins opens up significant possibilities in the diagnosis of both immunological and inflammatory disorders and in their therapies. This review is focused on the analysis of glycosylation of immunoglobulins, which can be a promising addition to improve existing strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of various immuno-inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya V. Markina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of the Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.M.); (V.Y.G.); (I.A.S.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-905-336-67-76
| | - Elena V. Gerasimova
- Department of Systemic Rheumatic Diseases, V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, 34A Kashirskoe Shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander M. Markin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of the Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.M.); (V.Y.G.); (I.A.S.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Victor Y. Glanz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of the Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.M.); (V.Y.G.); (I.A.S.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei 108, Taiwan;
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of the Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.M.); (V.Y.G.); (I.A.S.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 15A 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Street, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of the Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.M.); (V.Y.G.); (I.A.S.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schmidt DE, de Haan N, Sonneveld ME, Porcelijn L, van der Schoot CE, de Haas M, Zwaginga JJ, Wuhrer M, Vidarsson G. IgG-Fc glycosylation before and after rituximab treatment in immune thrombocytopenia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3051. [PMID: 32080262 PMCID: PMC7033207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions of antibodies with myeloid Fcγ receptors and the complement system are regulated by an Asn297-linked glycan in the Fc portion of IgG. Alterations of serum IgG-Fc glycosylation have been reported in various autoimmune diseases, and correlate with treatment response and disease activity. We hypothesized that IgG-Fc glycosylation is altered in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and associates with response to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment (rituximab). IgG-Fc glycosylation was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We found that IgG-Fc glycosylation was identical between refractory ITP patients (HOVON64 trial; N = 108) and healthy controls (N = 120). Two months after rituximab treatment, we observed a shift in Fc glycosylation, with a mean 1.7% reduction in galactosylation for IgG1 and IgG4 and a mean 1.5% increase for bisection in IgG1, IgG2/3 and IgG4 (adjusted p < 1.7 × 10−3 and p < 2 × 10−4, respectively). Neither baseline nor longitudinal changes in IgG-Fc glycosylation after rituximab were associated with clinical treatment response. We conclude that IgG-Fc glycosylation in refractory ITP is similar to healthy controls and does not predict treatment responses to rituximab. The observed changes two months after treatment suggest that rituximab may influence total serum IgG-Fc glycosylation. Overall, our study suggests that the pathophysiology of refractory ITP may differ from other autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Schmidt
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe E Sonneveld
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert Porcelijn
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Sanquin Research, Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Jon J van Rood Center for Clinical Transfusion Science, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap-Jan Zwaginga
- Sanquin Research, Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Jon J van Rood Center for Clinical Transfusion Science, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gudelj I, Lauc G, Pezer M. Immunoglobulin G glycosylation in aging and diseases. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:65-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
16
|
Naviglio S, Giuffrida P, Stocco G, Lenti MV, Ventura A, Corazza GR, Di Sabatino A. How to predict response to anti-tumour necrosis factor agents in inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:797-810. [PMID: 29957083 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1494573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents have changed the therapeutic approach to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, a considerable proportion of patients either do not primarily respond or lose response to treatment. Despite the long-standing experience in the use of these drugs, still there is the need of identifying the possible predictors of efficacy. Areas covered: We critically review the current knowledge on predictors of response to anti-TNF therapy - both those available in clinical practice and those still under investigation. Multiple factors are involved in treatment success, including disease phenotype and severity, adherence to medications, and pharmacogenomic, pharmacokinetic, and immunologic factors. Literature search was conducted in PubMed using keywords 'inflammatory bowel disease,' 'Crohn's disease,' and 'ulcerative colitis,' matched with 'antitumor necrosis factor,' 'biologic therapy,' 'clinical response,' 'predictors,' and 'efficacy,' Relevant articles were selected for review. Expert commentary: While the role of several factors in clinical practice is clearly established, other investigational markers have been proposed, mostly in small studies, yet for many of them little external validation exists. Therapeutic drug monitoring is emerging as a pivotal strategy to guide decisions in clinical practice. In the near future, novel markers could improve our ability to direct treatment and personalize therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Naviglio
- a Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo , Trieste , Italy.,b Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
| | - Paolo Giuffrida
- c First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Gabriele Stocco
- d Department of Life Science , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
| | - Marco Vincenzo Lenti
- c First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Alessandro Ventura
- a Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo , Trieste , Italy.,b Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
| | - Gino Roberto Corazza
- c First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- c First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Engdahl C, Bondt A, Harre U, Raufer J, Pfeifle R, Camponeschi A, Wuhrer M, Seeling M, Mårtensson IL, Nimmerjahn F, Krönke G, Scherer HU, Forsblad-d'Elia H, Schett G. Estrogen induces St6gal1 expression and increases IgG sialylation in mice and patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a potential explanation for the increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis in postmenopausal women. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:84. [PMID: 29720252 PMCID: PMC5932893 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) preferentially affects women, with the peak incidence coinciding with estrogen decrease in menopause. Estrogen (E2) may therefore have intrinsic immune-regulatory properties that vanish with menopause. Fc sialylation is a crucial factor determining the inflammatory effector function of antibodies. We therefore analyzed whether E2 affects immunoglobulin G (IgG) sialylation. METHODS Postmenopausal (ovariectomized) mice were immunized with ovalbumin and treated with E2 or vehicle. Total and ovalbumin-specific IgG concentrations, sialylation, and Fcγ receptor expression were analyzed. Postmenopausal women with RA receiving hormone replacement therapy, including E2, or no treatment were analyzed for IgG sialylation. Furthermore, effects of E2 on the expression of the sialylation enzyme β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (St6Gal1) were studied in mouse and human antibody-producing cells. RESULTS E2 treatment significantly increased Fc sialylation of total and ovalbumin-specific IgG in postmenopausal mice. Furthermore, E2 led to increased expression of inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIb on bone marrow leukocytes. Treatment with E2 also increased St6Gal1 expression in mouse and human antibody-producing cells, providing a mechanistic explanation for the increase in IgG-Fc sialylation. In postmenopausal women with RA, treatment with E2 significantly increased the Fc sialylation of IgG. CONCLUSIONS E2 induces anti-inflammatory effector functions in IgG by inducing St6Gal1 expression in antibody-producing cells and by increasing Fc sialylation. These observations provide a mechanistic explanation for the increased risk of RA in conditions with low estrogen levels such as menopause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Engdahl
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Albert Bondt
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Harre
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Raufer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - René Pfeifle
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alessandro Camponeschi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michaela Seeling
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Inga-Lill Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Institute of Genetics at the Department of Biology, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans U Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Helena Forsblad-d'Elia
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gudelj I, Salo PP, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Albers M, Primorac D, Perola M, Lauc G. Low galactosylation of IgG associates with higher risk for future diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis during 10 years of follow-up. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2034-2039. [PMID: 29572115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are known to have an important role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases which primarily involves the joints. Most RA patients develop autoantibodies against immunoglobulin G (IgG) and changes in IgG glycosylation have been associated with RA. We undertook this study to determine whether altered IgG glycosylation precedes the disease diagnosis. We studied IgG glycosylation in RA in two prospective cohorts (N = 14,749) by measuring 28 IgG glycan traits in 179 subjects who developed RA within 10-years follow-up and 358 matched controls. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography method based on hydrophilic interactions (HILIC-UPLC) was used to analyse IgG glycans. Future RA diagnosis associated with traits related to lower galactosylation and sialylation of IgG when comparing the cases to the matched controls. In RA cases, these traits did not correlate with the time between being recruited to the study and being diagnosed with RA (median time 4.31 years). The difference in IgG glycosylation was relatively stable and present years before diagnosis. This indicates that long-acting factors affecting IgG glycome composition are among the underlying mechanisms of RA and that decreased galactosylation is a pre-existing risk factor involved in the disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Perttu P Salo
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Malena Albers
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragan Primorac
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia; St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zabok, Zagreb, Croatia; JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, School of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland; Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; University of Tartu, Estonian Genome Center, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schwedler C, Häupl T, Kalus U, Blanchard V, Burmester GR, Poddubnyy D, Hoppe B. Hypogalactosylation of immunoglobulin G in rheumatoid arthritis: relationship to HLA-DRB1 shared epitope, anticitrullinated protein antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and correlation with inflammatory activity. Arthritis Res Ther 2018. [PMID: 29540200 PMCID: PMC5853146 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galactosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is reduced in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and assumed to correlate with inflammation and altered humoral immunity. IgG hypogalactosylation also increases with age. To investigate dependencies in more detail, we compared IgG hypogalactosylation between patients with RA, patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), and healthy control subjects (HC), and we studied it in RA on the background of HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE), anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), and/or rheumatoid factor (RF) status. Methods Patients with RA (n = 178), patients with axSpA (n = 126), and HC (n = 119) were characterized clinically, and serum IgG galactosylation was determined by capillary electrophoresis. Markers of disease activity, genetic susceptibility, and serologic response included C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), DAS28, SE, HLA-B27, ACPA, and RF. Expression of glycosylation enzymes, including beta 1–4 galactosyltransferase (B4GALT3) activity, were estimated from transcriptome data for B-cell development (GSE19599) and differentiation to plasma cells (GSE12366). Results IgG hypogalactosylation was restricted to RA and associated with increasing CRP levels (p < 0.0001). In axSpA, IgG hypogalactosylation was comparable to HC and only marginally increased upon elevated CRP. Restriction to RA was maintained after correction for CRP and age. Treatment with sulfasalazine resulted in significantly reduced IgG hypogalactosylation (p = 0.003) even after adjusting for age, sex, and CRP (p = 0.009). SE-negative/ACPA-negative RA exhibited significantly less IgG hypogalactosylation than all other strata (vs SE-negative/ACPA-positive, p = 0.009; vs SE-positive/ACPA-negative, p = 0.04; vs SE-positive/ACPA-positive, p < 0.02); however, this indicated a trend only after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. In SE-positive/ACPA-negative RA IgG hypogalactosylation was comparable to ACPA-positive subsets. The relationship between IgG hypogalactosylation and disease activity was significantly different between strata defined by SE (CRP, p = 0.0003, pBonferroni = 0.0036) and RF (CRP, p < 0.0001, pBonferroni < 0.0012), whereas ACPA strata revealed only a nonsignificant trend (p = 0.15). Gene expression data indicated that the key enzyme for galactosylation of immunoglobulins, B4GALT3, is expressed at lower levels in B cells than in plasma cells. Conclusions Increased IgG hypogalactosylation in RA but not in axSpA points to humoral immune response as a precondition. Reduced B4GALT3 expression in B cells compared with plasma cells supports relatedness to early B-cell triggering. The differential influence of RA treatment on IgG hypogalactosylation renders it a potential diagnostic target for further studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1540-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwedler
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Häupl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalus
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Véronique Blanchard
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd-Rüdiger Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denis Poddubnyy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoppe
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Straße 7, 12683, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Scherer HU, Huizinga TWJ, Krönke G, Schett G, Toes REM. The B cell response to citrullinated antigens in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018; 14:157-169. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2018.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
21
|
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most frequent post-translational modification of proteins. Many membrane and secreted proteins are decorated by sugar chains mainly linked to asparagine (N-linked) or to serine or threonine (O-linked). The biosynthesis of the sugar chains is mainly controlled by the activity of their biosynthetic enzymes: the glycosyltransferases. Glycosylation plays multiple roles, including the fine regulation of the biological activity of glycoproteins. Inflammaging is a chronic low grade inflammatory status associated with aging, probably caused by the continuous exposure of the immune system to inflammatory stimuli of endogenous and exogenous origin. The aging-associated glycosylation changes often resemble those observed in inflammatory conditions. One of the most reproducible markers of calendar and biological aging is the presence of N-glycans lacking terminal galactose residues linked to Asn297 of IgG heavy chains (IgG-G0). Although the mechanism(s) generating IgG-G0 remain unclear, their presence in a variety of inflammatory conditions suggests a link with inflammaging. In addition, these aberrantly glycosylated IgG can exert a pro-inflammatory effect through different mechanisms, triggering a self-fueling inflammatory loop. A strong association with aging has been documented also for the plasmatic forms of glycosyltrasferases B4GALT1 and ST6GAL1, although their role in the extracellular glycosylation of antibodies does not appear likely. Siglecs, are a group of sialic acid binding mammalian lectins which mainly act as inhibitory receptors on the surface of immune cells. In general activity of Siglecs appears to be associated with long life, probably because of their ability to restrain aging-associated inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Changes of glycosylation of IgG in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate. Adv Med Sci 2016; 61:193-197. [PMID: 26876088 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) decrease of galactosylation is correlated with disease activity. The aim of our study was to evaluate an effect of methotrexate therapy on glycosylation disturbances of IgG in RA patients. MATERIALS/METHODS IgG glycosylation in 40 patients with active RA treated with methotrexate for 12 months prior to and after treatment were compared. The control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers. IgG glycosylation was assessed using biotinylated lectins and immunosorbent ELISA assay. For galactose specificity Datura stramonium lectin (DSA), for sialic acid Sambucus nigra (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) and for fucose residue Areulia auranta (AAA) lectins were used. RESULTS In RA-cases N-glycan galactosylation and sialylation of IgG before treatment were significantly lower than in healthy subjects (for DSA, MAA lectins p<0.001 and SNA p<0.05). Significant increase of IgG galactosylation and sialylation in RA patients after therapy (for DSA, MAA and SNA lectin p<0.05) was detected. Moreover the glycosylation disturbances of N-glycan IgG were strongly associated with changes of disease activity based on disease activity score. For fucose residues significantly higher absorbency of AAA lectin in RA patients before treatment was observed compared to control subjects (p<0.05) and slightly, not significantly decreased after MTX therapy. CONCLUSIONS Defect of galactosylation of IgG in RA patients is a useful marker of disease activity that may be used for the assessment of therapy effectiveness. The role of IgG fucosylation and sialylation in RA pathogenesis has still to be determined.
Collapse
|
23
|
Eakin AJ, Bustard MJ, McGeough CM, Ahmed T, Bjourson AJ, Gibson DS. Siglec-1 and -2 as potential biomarkers in autoimmune disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:635-44. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Eakin
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine; Altnagelvin Hospital Campus; Ulster University; Londonderry Northern Ireland UK
| | - Michael J. Bustard
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine; Altnagelvin Hospital Campus; Ulster University; Londonderry Northern Ireland UK
| | - Cathy M. McGeough
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine; Altnagelvin Hospital Campus; Ulster University; Londonderry Northern Ireland UK
| | - Tahanver Ahmed
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine; Altnagelvin Hospital Campus; Ulster University; Londonderry Northern Ireland UK
| | - Anthony J. Bjourson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine; Altnagelvin Hospital Campus; Ulster University; Londonderry Northern Ireland UK
| | - David S. Gibson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine; Altnagelvin Hospital Campus; Ulster University; Londonderry Northern Ireland UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The Role of Posttranslational Protein Modifications in Rheumatological Diseases: Focus on Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:712490. [PMID: 26090496 PMCID: PMC4451265 DOI: 10.1155/2015/712490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The definition of posttranslational modification (PTM) encompasses a wide group of chemical reactions that allow modification and modulation of protein functions. The regulation of PTMs is crucial for the activity and survival of the cells. Dysregulation of PTMs has been observed in several pathological conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a systemic autoimmune disease primarily targeting the joints. The three PTMs mainly involved in this disease are glycosylation, citrullination, and carbamylation. Glycosylation is essential for antigen processing and presentation and can modulate immunoglobulin activity. Citrullination of self-antigens is strongly associated with RA, as demonstrated by the presence of antibodies directed to anti-citrullinated proteins in patients' sera. Carbamylation and its dysregulation have been recently associated with RA. Aim of this review is to illustrate the most significant alterations of these PTMs in RA and to evaluate their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Collapse
|
25
|
Váradi C, Holló Z, Póliska S, Nagy L, Szekanecz Z, Váncsa A, Palatka K, Guttman A. Combination of IgG N-glycomics and corresponding transcriptomics data to identify anti-TNF-α treatment responders in inflammatory diseases. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1330-5. [PMID: 25639738 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prediction of responsiveness in biological therapies is an important and challenging issue in different diseases. Analyzing glycosylation pattern changes of key serum glycoproteins is one of the possible avenues to follow disease remission. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of serum IgG glycoforms in Crohn's disease (CD) and rheumatoid arthritis patients in response to antitumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) treatment. IgG was isolated from patient serum samples using Protein A affinity pull-down, followed by the release of N-glycans with peptide-N-glycosidase F. The released glycans were fluorescently tagged with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate and analyzed by CGE with laser-induced fluorescent detection. Significant alterations were detected between responders and nonresponders in both disease groups. In CD patients, disease-specific alteration was found in response to anti-TNF-α therapy, which was also confirmed by transcriptomics data analysis of the corresponding glycosyltransferases and glycosidases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Váradi
- Horváth Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, School of Medicine, MMKK, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Szilárd Póliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Váncsa
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Károly Palatka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Guttman
- Horváth Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, School of Medicine, MMKK, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-PE Translational Glycomics Research Group, MUKKI, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fokkink WJR, Selman MHJ, Dortland JR, Durmuş B, Kuitwaard K, Huizinga R, van Rijs W, Tio-Gillen AP, van Doorn PA, Deelder AM, Wuhrer M, Jacobs BC. IgG Fc N-glycosylation in Guillain-Barré syndrome treated with immunoglobulins. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1722-30. [PMID: 24533874 DOI: 10.1021/pr401213z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is the treatment of choice for Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy causing rapidly progressive limb weakness and respiratory failure. The working mechanism of IVIg in autoimmune diseases has not been elucidated, but previous studies indicate that some anti-inflammatory effects may be mediated by the N-glycosylation of the Fc-portion of IgG. GBS is a model disease to investigate these effects because GBS is an acute and monophasic disorder usually affecting healthy persons, which is treated with a standard course of IVIg, although the clinical response is highly variable. In the current study, the N-glycosylation of the Fc-portion of serum IgG was investigated in patients with GBS before and after treatment with IVIg in relation to clinical course and outcome. Glycoforms of serum IgG1 and IgG2 were determined separately by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. These IgG subclasses were purified from the serum of 174 GBS patients before and in 150 patients 2 weeks after standard IVIg treatment regimen. Treatment-naive GBS patients compared with age- and sex-matched controls had lower levels of galactosylation of IgG1 and IgG2. IVIg preparations contained relatively high levels of galactosylated and sialylated IgG Fc glycoforms compared with serum IgG in patients. Treatment with IVIg resulted in an increase in serum of the Fc-galactosylation and -sialylation of both IgG1 and IgG2. The extent of normalization in serum IgG Fc glycosylation varied between patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that patients with persistent low IgG galactosylation and sialylation despite IVIg treatment had the most severe forms of GBS and needed ventilator support more often. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that these patients also needed more time to be able to walk again compared with patients with a normalized IgG Fc glycosylation profile. In conclusion, our results suggest that serum IgG Fc glycosylation in GBS is related to disease severity and clinical recovery after IVIg and may help to develop new measures to monitor the efficacy of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willem-Jan R Fokkink
- Department of Immunology, ‡Department of Neurology, and §Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ito K, Furukawa JI, Yamada K, Tran NL, Shinohara Y, Izui S. Lack of galactosylation enhances the pathogenic activity of IgG1 but Not IgG2a anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 192:581-8. [PMID: 24337750 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IgG bears asparagine-linked oligosaccharide side chains in the Fc region. Variations in their extent of galactosylation and sialylation could modulate IgG Fc-dependent effector functions, and hence Ab activity. However, it has not yet been clarified whether the pathogenic potential of IgG autoantibodies is consistently enhanced by the absence of galactose residues per se or the lack of terminal sialylation, which is dependent on galactosylation. Moreover, it remains to be defined whether the increased pathogenicity of agalactosylated IgG is related to activation of the complement pathway by mannose-binding lectin, as suggested by in vitro studies. Using a murine model of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, we defined the contribution of galactosylation or sialylation to the pathogenic activity of IgG1 and IgG2a anti-erythrocyte class-switch variants of 34-3C monoclonal autoantibody. We generated their degalactosylated or highly sialylated glycovariants and compared their pathogenic effects with those of highly galactosylated or desialylated counterparts. Our results demonstrated that lack of galactosylation, but not sialylation, enhanced the pathogenic activity of 34-3C IgG1, but not IgG2a autoantibodies. Moreover, analysis of in vivo complement activation and of the pathogenic activity in mice deficient in C3 or IgG FcRs excluded the implication of mannose-binding lectin-mediated complement activation in the enhanced pathogenic effect of agalactosylated IgG1 anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoaki Ito
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rombouts Y, Ewing E, van de Stadt LA, Selman MHJ, Trouw LA, Deelder AM, Huizinga TWJ, Wuhrer M, van Schaardenburg D, Toes REM, Scherer HU. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies acquire a pro-inflammatory Fc glycosylation phenotype prior to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 74:234-41. [PMID: 24106048 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) exhibit specific changes in Fc glycosylation prior to the onset of arthritis. METHODS Serum samples of patients with ACPA-positive arthralgia (n=183) were collected at baseline and at various time points of follow-up. 105 patients developed arthritis after a median of 12 months (IQR 6-24) and were classified as having either rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n=48) or undifferentiated arthritis (UA, n=57) based on the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. ACPA and total serum IgG were isolated by affinity purification and cleaved by trypsin. ACPA-IgG1 Fc-glycopeptides were subsequently analysed by nano-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and compared to those of total IgG1. RESULTS At baseline, ACPA-IgG1 and total IgG1 from arthralgia patients displayed similar Fc glycosylation patterns. By contrast, at the onset of arthritis, ACPA exhibited a decrease in galactose residues in RA patients, but not in UA patients. This decrease occurred around 3 months prior to diagnosis and was paralleled by an increase in systemic inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Galactosylation of total IgG1 was also decreased in RA, but this did not precede the onset of arthritis. Interestingly, we additionally noted a higher degree of ACPA-IgG1 Fc core fucosylation at baseline as compared with total IgG1, which further increased prior to diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS ACPA display significant changes in Fc galactosylation and fucosylation prior to the onset of RA. These changes towards a more pro-inflammatory phenotype could be involved in driving the disease process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Rombouts
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ewoud Ewing
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maurice H J Selman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert A Trouw
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André M Deelder
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkjan van Schaardenburg
- Jan van Breemen Research Institute
- Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Rheumatology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans U Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Xue J, Zhu LP, Wei Q. IgG-Fc N-glycosylation at Asn297 and IgA O-glycosylation in the hinge region in health and disease. Glycoconj J 2013; 30:735-45. [PMID: 23783413 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-013-9481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Igs) are the major molecules secreted by B lymphocytes during an adaptive immune response. They are glycoproteins with distinctive glycosylation patterns, resulting in wide variations in the number, type and location of their oligosaccharides in each isotype and subclass. The sugars play specific structural roles, maintaining and modulating effector functions of Igs. Aberrant glycosylation might contribute to disease pathogenesis. This review will focus on the glycosylation of IgG and IgA because they have been studied more extensively than other immunoglobulins. Rheumatoid arthritis and IgA nephritis are used to describe the association of glycosylation aberration and disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, No 5 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Collins ES, Galligan MC, Saldova R, Adamczyk B, Abrahams JL, Campbell MP, Ng CT, Veale DJ, Murphy TB, Rudd PM, Fitzgerald O. Glycosylation status of serum in inflammatory arthritis in response to anti-TNF treatment. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 52:1572-82. [PMID: 23681398 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification and is altered in disease. The typical glycosylation change in patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) is a decrease in galactosylation levels on IgG. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of anti-TNF therapy on whole serum glycosylation from IA patients and determine whether these alterations in the glycome change upon treatment of the disease. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 54 IA patients before treatment and at 1 and 12 months after commencing anti-TNF therapy. N-linked glycans from whole serum samples were analysed using a high-throughput hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-based method. RESULTS Glycosylation on the serum proteins of IA patients changed significantly with anti-TNF treatment. We observed an increase in galactosylated glycans from IgG, also an increase in core-fucosylated biantennary galactosylated glycans and a decrease in sialylated triantennary glycans with and without outer arm fucose. This increase in galactosylated IgG glycans suggests a reversing of the N-glycome towards normal healthy profiles. These changes are strongly correlated with decreasing CRP, suggesting a link between glycosylation changes and decreases in inflammatory processes. CONCLUSION Glycosylation changes in the serum of IA patients on anti-TNF therapy are strongly associated with a decrease in inflammatory processes and reflect the effect of anti-TNF on the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Collins
- Department of Rheumatology, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dall’Olio F, Vanhooren V, Chen CC, Slagboom PE, Wuhrer M, Franceschi C. N-glycomic biomarkers of biological aging and longevity: a link with inflammaging. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:685-98. [PMID: 22353383 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a frequent co/post-translational modification of proteins which modulates a variety of biological functions. The analysis of N-glycome, i.e. the sugar chains N-linked to asparagine, identified new candidate biomarkers of aging such as N-glycans devoid of galactose residues on their branches, in a variety of human and experimental model systems, such as healthy old people, centenarians and their offspring and caloric restricted mice. These agalactosylated biantennary structures mainly decorate Asn297 of Fc portion of IgG (IgG-G0), and are present also in patients affected by progeroid syndromes and a variety of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. IgG-G0 exert a pro-inflammatory effect through different mechanisms, including the lectin pathway of complement, binding to Fcγ receptors and formation of autoantibody aggregates. The age-related accumulation of IgG-G0 can contribute to inflammaging, the low-grade pro-inflammatory status that characterizes elderly, by creating a vicious loop in which inflammation is responsible for the production of aberrantly glycosylated IgG which, in turn, would activate the immune system, exacerbating inflammation. Moreover, recent data suggest that the N-glycomic shift observed in aging could be related not only to inflammation but also to alteration of important metabolic pathways. Thus, altered N-glycans are both powerful markers of aging and possible contributors to its pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
33
|
Mesko B, Poliska S, Szamosi S, Szekanecz Z, Podani J, Varadi C, Guttman A, Nagy L. Peripheral blood gene expression and IgG glycosylation profiles as markers of tocilizumab treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:916-28. [PMID: 22467923 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.110961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tocilizumab, a humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, has recently been approved as a biological therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other diseases. It is not known if there are characteristic changes in gene expression and immunoglobulin G glycosylation during therapy or in response to treatment. METHODS Global gene expression profiles from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 13 patients with RA and active disease at Week 0 (baseline) and Week 4 following treatment were obtained together with clinical measures, serum cytokine levels using ELISA, and the degree of galactosylation of the IgG N-glycan chains. Gene sets separating responders and nonresponders were tested using canonical variates analysis. This approach also revealed important gene groups and pathways that differentiate responders from nonresponders. RESULTS Fifty-nine genes showed significant differences between baseline and Week 4 and thus correlated with treatment. Significantly, 4 genes determined responders after correction for multiple testing. Ten of the 12 genes with the most significant changes were validated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. An increase in the terminal galactose content of N-linked glycans of IgG was observed in responders versus nonresponders, as well as in treated samples versus samples obtained at baseline. CONCLUSION As a preliminary report, gene expression changes as a result of tocilizumab therapy in RA were examined, and gene sets discriminating between responders and nonresponders were found and validated. A significant increase in the degree of galactosylation of IgG N-glycans in patients with RA treated with tocilizumab was documented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bertalan Mesko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Apoptosis and Genomics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Böhm S, Schwab I, Lux A, Nimmerjahn F. The role of sialic acid as a modulator of the anti-inflammatory activity of IgG. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34:443-53. [PMID: 22437760 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-012-0308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules can have two completely opposing activities. They can be very potent pro-inflammatory mediators on the one hand, directing the effector functions of the innate immune system towards infected cells, tumor cells or healthy tissues in the case of autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, a mixture of IgG molecules purified from the blood of ten thousands of healthy donors is used as an anti-inflammatory treatment for many autoimmune diseases since several decades. It has become evident only recently that certain residues in the sugar moiety attached to the IgG constant fragment can dramatically alter the pro- and anti-inflammatory activities of IgG. This review will focus on sialic acid residues as a modulator of the anti-inflammatory activity and provide an overview of situations where serum IgG glycosylation and sialylation is altered and which molecular and cellular pathways may be involved in this immunomodulatory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Böhm
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ercan A, Cui J, Hazen MM, Batliwalla F, Royle L, Rudd PM, Coblyn JS, Shadick N, Weinblatt ME, Gregersen P, Lee DM, Nigrovic PA. Hypogalactosylation of serum N-glycans fails to predict clinical response to methotrexate and TNF inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R43. [PMID: 22390545 PMCID: PMC3446410 DOI: 10.1186/ar3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with hypogalactosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG). We examined whether a proxy measure for galactosylation of IgG N-glycans could predict response to therapy or was differentially affected by methotrexate (MTX) or TNF blockade. Methods Using a previously defined normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography approach, we ascertained the galactosylation status of whole serum N-glycans in two well-defined RA clinical cohorts: the Autoimmune Biomarkers Collaborative Network (n = 98) and Nested I (n = 64). The ratio of agalactosylated to monogalactosylated N-glycans in serum (sG0/G1) was determined before and during therapy with MTX or TNF inhibition and correlated with anticitrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) status and clinical response as assessed by 28-joint Disease Activity Score utilizing C-reactive peptide and European League Against Rheumatism response criteria. Results RA patients from both cohorts exhibited elevation of sG0/G1 at baseline. Improvement in clinical scores correlated with a reduction in sG0/G1 (Spearman's ρ = 0.31 to 0.37; P < 0.05 for each cohort). However, pretreatment sG0/G1 was not predictive of clinical response. Changes in sG0/G1 were similar in the MTX and TNF inhibitor groups. Corrected for disease activity, ACPA positivity correlated with higher sG0/G1. Conclusions Baseline serum N-glycan hypogalactosylation, an index previously correlated with hypogalactosylation of IgG N-glycans, did not distinguish patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were likely to experience a favorable clinical response to MTX or TNF blockade. Clinical improvement was associated with partial glycan normalization. ACPA-positive patients demonstrated enhanced N-glycan aberrancy compared with ACPA-negative patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Altan Ercan
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, One Jimmy Fund Way, Smith 516c, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kratz EM, Borysewicz K, Katnik-Prastowska I. Terminal monosaccharide screening of synovial immunoglobulins G and A for the early detection of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2009; 30:1285-92. [PMID: 19816690 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-1139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The expressions of some terminal glycotopes of synovial immunoglobulins G, A, and M were analysed in relation to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression defined according to early and advanced radiological changes in patients' hands. The relative amounts of terminal monosaccharides were determined by lectin-immunoblotting of immunoglobulin preparations using appropriate lectins able to recognize alpha2,6-linked (Sambucus nigra agglutinin) and alpha2,3-linked (Maackia amurensis agglutinin) sialic acid, galactose (Ricinus communis agglutinin I), N-acetylglucosamine (Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin II) as well as alpha1,6-linked (Aleuria aurantia lectin), alpha1,3-linked (Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin), and alpha1,2-linked (Ulex europaeus agglutinin) fucose. The results indicate differences between early and advanced RA stages in the terminal sugar exposition of synovial IgG and IgA, but not IgM. The galactose-deficient glycotope with exposed N-acetylglucosamine of the synovial 33.1-kDa IgG fragment appeared exclusively in the early stage of RA. In contrast, this glycotope of intact synovial IgG and IgA was present in both groups, although with higher proportions in advanced RA. The proportions of the sialyl and fucosyl determinants of intact synovial A and G immunoglobulins were clearly lower in the early RA group than in the advanced. The analysis of terminal oligosaccharide exposition in IgG, IgG fragments, and IgA present in the synovial fluid of RA patients might be applicable as a stage-specific marker in the diagnosis and therapy of RA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Maria Kratz
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|