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Kawakibi T, Bala N, Liu LP, Searcy LA, Denslow ND, Alli AA. Decreased MARCKS Protein Expression in Kidney Cortex Membrane Fractions of Cathepsin B Knockout Mice Is Associated with Reduced Lysophosphatidylcholine and Protein Kinase C Activity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1489. [PMID: 37239160 PMCID: PMC10216610 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathpesin B is a multi-functional protease that plays numerous roles in physiology and pathophysiology. We hypothesized that actin cytoskeleton proteins that are substrates of cathepsin B, various lipids, and kinases that are regulated by lipids would be down-regulated in the kidney of cathepsin B knockout mice. Here, we show by Western blot and densitometric analysis that the expression and proteolysis of the actin cytoskeleton proteins myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) and spectrin are significantly reduced in kidney cortex membrane fractions of cathepsin B knockout mice compared to C57B6 wild-type control mice. Lipidomic results show that specific lipids are increased while other lipids, including lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species LPC (16:0), LPC (18:0), LPC (18:1), and LPC (18:2), are significantly decreased in membrane fractions of the kidney cortex from Cathepsin B null mice. Protein Kinase C (PKC) activity is significantly lower in the kidney cortex of cathepsin B knockout mice compared to wild-type mice, while calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity and phospholipase D (PLD) activity are comparable between the two groups. Together, these results provide the first evidence of altered actin cytoskeleton organization, membrane lipid composition, and PKC activity in the kidneys of mice lacking cathepsin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamim Kawakibi
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Niharika Bala
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lauren P. Liu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Louis A. Searcy
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nancy D. Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Abdel A. Alli
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Song Y, Wright JG, Anderson MJ, Rajendran S, Ren Z, Hua DH, Koehne JE, Meyyappan M, Li J. Quantitative Detection of Cathepsin B Activity in Neutral pH Buffers Using Gold Microelectrode Arrays: Toward Direct Multiplex Analyses of Extracellular Proteases in Human Serum. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3621-3631. [PMID: 34546741 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are critical signaling molecules and prognostic biomarkers for many diseases including cancer. There is a strong demand for multiplex bioanalytical techniques that can rapidly detect the activity of extracellular proteases with high sensitivity and specificity. This study demonstrates an activity-based electrochemical biosensor of a 3 × 3 gold microelectrode array for the detection of cathepsin B activity in human serum diluted in a neutral buffer. Proteolysis of ferrocene-labeled peptide substrates functionalized on 200 × 200 μm microelectrodes is measured simultaneously over the nine channels by AC voltammetry. The protease activity is represented by the inverse of the exponential decay time constant (1/τ), which equals to (kcat/KM)[CB] based on the Michaelis-Menten model. An enhanced activity of the recombinant human cathepsin B (rhCB) is observed in a low-ionic-strength phosphate buffer at pH = 7.4, giving a very low limit of detection of 8.49 × 10-4 s-1 for activity and 57.1 pM for the active rhCB concentration that is comparable to affinity-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cathepsin B presented in the human serum sample is validated by ELISA, which mainly detects the inactive proenzyme, while the electrochemical biosensor specifically measures the active cathepsin B and shows significantly higher decay rates when rhCB and human serum are activated. Analyses of the kinetic electrochemical measurements with spiked active cathepsin B in human serum provide further assessment of the protease activity in the complex sample. This study lays the foundation to develop the gold microelectrode array into a multiplex biosensor for rapid detection of the activity of extracellular proteases toward cancer diagnosis and treatment assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jestin Gage Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Morgan J. Anderson
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Sabari Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Zhaoyang Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Duy H. Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jessica E. Koehne
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - M. Meyyappan
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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Sankiewicz A, Guszcz T, Mena-Hortelano R, Zukowski K, Gorodkiewicz E. Podoplanin serum and urine concentration in transitional bladder cancer. Cancer Biomark 2016; 16:343-50. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sankiewicz
- Department of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Guszcz
- Department of Urology, J. Sniadecki Provincial Hospital of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Zukowski
- Department of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Gorodkiewicz
- Department of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Ruan J, Zheng H, Rong X, Rong X, Zhang J, Fang W, Zhao P, Luo R. Over-expression of cathepsin B in hepatocellular carcinomas predicts poor prognosis of HCC patients. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:17. [PMID: 26896959 PMCID: PMC4761221 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have found that Cathepsin B (CTSB) is up-regulated in many tumor types and facilitates tumor progression. However, the role of CTSB in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remains unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the expression and role of CTSB in HCC in a large set of samples and cell lines (MHCC-97H and MHCC-97 L), and evaluating the clinical and prognostic significance of CTSB protein in patients with HCC. Methods The expression of CTSB was examined in HCC tissue and cell lines by Western-blotting, Real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical staining. Wound healing assay and invasion assay were used to verify the effect of CTSB on the migration and invasion ability of HCC cell lines. Tumor formation assay in nude mice was used to analyze the effect of CTSB on the tumorigenicity of HCC cell lines. Results The status of CTSB protein in carcinoma tissues is much higher than that in paracarcinoma tissues. The overall survival of the patients with high CTSB expression was significantly shorter than the low CTSB expression group. High CTSB expression was significantly correlated with advanced clinical staging, histological grade, and tumor recurrence. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that over-expression of CTSB in MHCC-97 L cells promoted cell invasion and tumor progression ability. Down-regulation of CTSB in MHCC-97H showed the opposite effects. These phenotypic changes caused by CTSB knockdown or over-expression correlated with expression of the matrix metallopeptidase MMP-9. Moreover, multivariate analysis suggested that CTSB expression might be an independent prognostic indicator for the survival of HCC patients after curative surgery. Conclusions CTSB might be involved in the development and progression of HCC as an oncogene, and thereby may be a valuable prognostic marker for HCC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-016-0503-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ruan
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- The Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaodong Rong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaomin Rong
- Department of pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weijia Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongcheng Luo
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Swisher LZ, Prior AM, Gunaratna MJ, Shishido S, Madiyar F, Nguyen TA, Hua DH, Li J. Quantitative electrochemical detection of cathepsin B activity in breast cancer cell lysates using carbon nanofiber nanoelectrode arrays toward identification of cancer formation. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1695-704. [PMID: 25959927 PMCID: PMC4586312 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The proteolytic activity of cathepsin B in complex breast cell lysates has been measured with alternating current voltammetry (ACV) using ferrocene (Fc)-labeled-tetrapeptides immobilized on nanoelectrode arrays (NEAs) fabricated with vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs). Four types of breast cells have been tested, including normal breast cells (HMEC), transformed breast cells (MCF-10A), breast cancer cells (T47D), and metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). The detected protease activity was found increased in cancer cells, with the MDA-MB-231 metastatic cancer cell lysate showing the highest cathepsin B activity. The equivalent cathepsin B concentration in MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lysate was quantitatively determined by spiking recombinant cathepsin B into the immunoprecipitated MDA-MB-231 lysate and the HMEC whole cell lysate. The results illustrated the potential of this technique as a portable multiplex electronic device for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring through rapid profiling the activity of specific cancer-relevant proteases. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. In this report, the authors applied the technique of nanoelectrode arrays to try to detect and compare cathepsin B activities in normal and breast cancer cells. It was found that protease activity correlated positively with the degree of malignancy cancer cells. Taking this further, this technique may be useful for rapid diagnosis of cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Z Swisher
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Allan M Prior
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Medha J Gunaratna
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Stephanie Shishido
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Foram Madiyar
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Thu A Nguyen
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Duy H Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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Gorodkiewicz E, Guszcz T, Roszkowska-Jakimiec W, Kozłowski R. Cathepsin D serum and urine concentration in superficial and invasive transitional bladder cancer as determined by surface plasmon resonance imaging. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1323-1327. [PMID: 25120717 PMCID: PMC4114644 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of cathepsin D (Cat D) concentration in serum and urine may be useful in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. The present study included 54 healthy patients and 68 patients with bladder cancer, confirmed by transurethral resection or cystectomy. Cat D concentration was determined using a surface plasmon resonance imaging biosensor. Cat D concentration in the serum of bladder cancer patients was within the range of 1.3-5.59 ng/ml, while for healthy donors it was within the range of 0.28-0.52 ng/ml. In urine, the Cat D concentration of bladder cancer patients was within the range of 1.35-7.14 ng/ml, while for healthy donors it was within the range of 0.32-0.68 ng/ml. Cat D concentration may represent an efficient tumor marker, as its concentration in the serum and urine of transitional cell carcinoma patients is extremely high when compared with healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gorodkiewicz
- Department of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Bialystok PL-15-443, Poland
| | - Tomasz Guszcz
- Department of Urology, J. Sniadecki Provincial Hospital of Bialystok, Bialystok PL-15-950, Poland
| | | | - Robert Kozłowski
- Department of Urology, J. Sniadecki Provincial Hospital of Bialystok, Bialystok PL-15-950, Poland
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