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Petranu K, Webb EK, Tomas CW, Harb F, Torres L, deRoon-Cassini TA, Larson CL. Investigating the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis as a predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder in Black Americans and the moderating effects of racial discrimination. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:337. [PMID: 39169008 PMCID: PMC11339439 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered functioning of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) may play a critical role in the etiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Chronic stressors such as racial discrimination and lifetime trauma are associated with an increased risk for PTSD, but it is unknown whether they influence the relationship between BNST functioning and PTSD. We investigated acute post-trauma BNST resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) as a predictor of future PTSD symptoms in Black trauma survivors. We also examined whether racial discrimination and lifetime trauma moderated the relationship between BNST rsFC and PTSD symptoms. Black adults (N = 95; 54.7% female; mean age = 34.04) were recruited from an emergency department after experiencing a traumatic injury (72.6% were motor vehicle accidents). Two-weeks post-injury, participants underwent a resting-state fMRI scan and completed questionnaires evaluating their PTSD symptoms as well as lifetime exposure to racial discrimination and trauma. Six-months post-injury, PTSD symptoms were reassessed. Whole brain seed-to-voxel analyses were conducted to examine BNST rsFC patterns. Greater rsFC between the BNST and the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, left angular gyrus, and hippocampus prospectively predicted six-month PTSD symptoms after adjusting for sex, age, education, and baseline PTSD symptoms. Acute BNST rsFC was a stronger predictor of PTSD symptoms in individuals who experienced more racial discrimination and lifetime trauma. Thus, in the acute aftermath of a traumatic event, the BNST could be a key biomarker of risk for PTSD in Black Americans, particularly for individuals with a greater history of racial discrimination or previous trauma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Petranu
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Sinai, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - E Kate Webb
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carissa W Tomas
- Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Farah Harb
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Lucas Torres
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Terri A deRoon-Cassini
- Division of Trauma & Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Comprehensive Injury Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Christine L Larson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Weiss-Dagan S, Taubman-Ben-Ari O. Perceived stress and personal growth following the transition to military service: The role of sense of coherence and perceived social support. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3406. [PMID: 38646939 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Relying on personal growth and structuration theories, we aimed to examine the internal (sense of coherence/SOC and help-seeking/HS) and external (perceived social support) resources that contribute to soldiers' personal growth following the transition to military service. We also investigated the role that perceived social support plays in moderating the relationship between SOC and personal growth, and between HS and personal growth. Two-hundred-and-seventy-one compulsory service soldiers (of whom 135 were men and 136 were women) completed self-report questionnaires between 6 and 12 months post-recruitment. The results showed both linear and curvilinear associations between soldiers' perceived stress and personal growth; SOC, HS, and perceived social support were positively correlated with personal growth; and perceived social support moderated both SOC and HS correlations with personal growth. Empirical evidence of personal growth in the transition to military service has been scant. Transitioning from civilian life to military service can be stressful and even traumatic but it can also provide opportunities for personal development. Our findings shed light on contributors to personal growth in the transition to military service, with both internal and external resources found to help one gain personal growth. It is evident that in order for soldiers to thrive, both perceived social support and active help-seeking are key factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Weiss-Dagan
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Orit Taubman-Ben-Ari
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Idini E, Paredes-Carreño P, Navarro-Gil M, Barceló-Soler A, Valera-Ceamanos D, Garcia-Campayo J. "Age of traumatic experience as a predictor of distorted body image in patients with eating disorders". Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1043-1057. [PMID: 38696812 DOI: 10.1177/13591045241251902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The timing of trauma exposure is a risk factor for the development of psychopathology in adulthood. We aim to assess the presence of adverse life events (ALEs) before age 13 in patients with eating disorders (ED). Specifically, we examined the relationship between exposure to interpersonal trauma before the age of 13 and body image distortion (BID), impulsivity, and perfectionism. We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective study in which 79 outpatients with ED were consecutively enrolled. Assessment was performed using the Traumatic Life Event Questionnaire, Contour Drawing Rating Scale, and Eating Disorder Inventory. Linear regression models were used to analyze the predictive role of interpersonal trauma before age 13 on BID perfectionism and impulsivity. Seventy-two patients (91.1%) reported ALEs throughout their lives. Patients with trauma before age 13 (55.6%) overestimated their shape. Patients with ED and bulimic symptoms had significantly higher BID levels. Interpersonal trauma predicted higher levels of impulsivity and perfectionism. Experiencing interpersonal ALEs before age 13 may be a risk factor for the development of BID, impulsivity, and perfectionism in adulthood. Body image can be modified during childhood through interventions focused on identifying stressful relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Idini
- Psychiatric Department, Miguel Servet Hospital, Spain
| | | | - Mayte Navarro-Gil
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Barceló-Soler
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Spain
| | | | - Javier Garcia-Campayo
- Psychiatric Department, Miguel Servet Hospital, Spain
- Mindfulness Master Coordinator, University of Zaragoza, Spain
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Johnsen KM, Nielsen KF, Nilsson KK, Kjaersdam Telléus G. Non-interpersonal traumatic events in patients with eating disorders: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1397952. [PMID: 38952827 PMCID: PMC11216314 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1397952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of the systematic review was to synthesize literature on eating disorders (ED) and non-interpersonal traumatic events (NTE) and consolidate the reported prevalence of NTE in patients with an ED. Methods The literature search was performed in Embase, PsycInfo, and PubMed. The keywords in the search were "eating disorder," "trauma" and "non-interpersonal," using index-terms and free-search keywords related to NTE and ED. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Relevant studies were screened using Rayyan. Results Of the 16 studies included in the quantitative synthesis, five overall types of NTE were identified: accidents, illness, injury, natural disaster and war. Findings provided tentative evidence for illness and injury being more prevalent in patients suffering from an ED compared to controls. The remaining subtypes of NTE did not show a higher prevalence in patients with an ED when compared to controls. Findings also suggest that those with binge/purge subtype of anorexia nervosa (AN) had a higher prevalence of non-interpersonal traumatic events compared to the restrictive subtype of AN. Discussion This systematic review provided a clear synthesis of previous findings related to NTE among patients with an ED. Noteworthy, is that many studies do not take into account if the trauma happened prior or after to ED onset, which may affect the association. Furthermore, the body of research on NTE in patients with ED is exceedingly limited, and more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Marie Johnsen
- Institute of Communication and Psychology, Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Kristine Kahr Nilsson
- Institute of Communication and Psychology, Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Gry Kjaersdam Telléus
- Institute of Communication and Psychology, Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Arslanbek A, Malhotra B, Stickley KS, Herres J, Spooner H, Lamb DG, Levy CE, Williamson JB, Kaimal G. Exploring the evocative qualities of masks' visual imagery and their associations with adversity and trauma. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1337927. [PMID: 38919795 PMCID: PMC11196919 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1337927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies suggest a relationship between the emotional evocativeness of visual imagery and viewer responses, however, there is limited understanding of these associations, especially as they relate to viewers' personal experiences of adversities. Methods In this exploratory study, we examined the relationship between the visual content of mask images and viewers' responses. In an online survey 699 participants (of n = 1,010 total initial participants) rated 98 masks based on valence, arousal, and personal relevance and completed the Life Events Checklist. The masks included those created by service members (SMs) with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depicting physical, psychological, and moral injuries and matched neutral masks created by creative arts therapists and arts in health scholars. Findings The findings indicated that responses to mask image content (traumatic versus neutral) were associated with viewers' personal history of adversity and trauma. Specifically, images representing injury/trauma provoked stronger reactions on valence and arousal than neutral images. Moreover, participants with personal histories of trauma had heightened emotional responses to distressing imagery. Discussion These findings have implications for art therapists as well as for clinical and general populations in that these results highlight the potential impact of distressing imagery particularly for individuals with personal histories of experiencing or witnessing traumatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Arslanbek
- Department of Creative Arts Therapies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Arts and Letters. The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Bani Malhotra
- Department of Creative Arts Therapies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kristyn S. Stickley
- Department of Creative Arts Therapies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joanna Herres
- The College of New Jersey, Hamilton, NJ, United States
| | - Heather Spooner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Damon G. Lamb
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Charles E. Levy
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John B. Williamson
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Girija Kaimal
- Department of Creative Arts Therapies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Chiu HTS, Low DCW, Chan AHT, Meiser-Stedman R. Relationship between anxiety sensitivity and post-traumatic stress symptoms in trauma-exposed adults: A meta-analysis. J Anxiety Disord 2024; 103:102857. [PMID: 38507961 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Given the high rate of trauma exposure among the general population, it is important to delineate the risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While historically implicated in panic disorder, anxiety sensitivity is increasingly found to play a role in PTSD. The present review investigated the size of the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and PTSD symptoms among trauma exposed adults. A systematic search on multiple electronic databases (PTSDpubs, CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO) generated a total of 1025 records, among which 52 (n = 15173) met study inclusion criteria and were included in our random effects meta-analysis. Our results indicated a medium effect size (r = .46, 95% CI =.41,.50) for the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and PTSD symptoms. There was significant between-study heterogeneity. Furthermore, sub-group analyses revealed that study design (cross-sectional vs. longitudinal) may significantly moderate the association between anxiety sensitivity and PTSD severity. No moderation effect was found for assessment of PTSD through interview versus questionnaire, interpersonal versus non-interpersonal trauma, or low versus high study quality. Such patterns of results are consistent with cognitive models of PTSD. Clinical implications, strengths and limitations of the review were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Tak Shing Chiu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Debbie Chi Wing Low
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, UK
| | - Angel Hiu Tung Chan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Richard Meiser-Stedman
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Borrelli G, Lamberti Zanardi A, Scognamiglio C, Cinquegrana V, Perrella R. The relationship between childhood interpersonal and non-interpersonal trauma and autobiographical memory: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1328835. [PMID: 38298520 PMCID: PMC10827865 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1328835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood trauma can have negative effects on several domains of mental functioning, including Autobiographical Memory (AM). Conflicting results emerge in the scientific literature regarding the effects of childhood trauma on AM. In this review, we explored the relationship between the childhood trauma and AM, classifying childhood trauma as interpersonal, non-interpersonal and overall (interpersonal and non-interpersonal). We carried out a systematic literature review, following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA statement). From searching the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, we identified 48 studies conducted from 2014 to 2023, which were included when they: (a) were written in English, (b) investigated the relationship between AM and childhood trauma, (c) included a sample of children, adolescents, or adults who had experienced childhood interpersonal and/or non-interpersonal trauma. Of the 48 eligible studies, 29 referred to trauma of an interpersonal nature, 12 to trauma of a non-interpersonal nature, and 7 to overall trauma. Regarding the relationship between childhood trauma and AM, 24 studies found a negative relationship between childhood interpersonal trauma and AM; among the articles on non-interpersonal trauma, 10 studies found no relevant relationship; in the studies on overall trauma, 4 articles found negative relationship between overall trauma and AM. The literature explored in our systematic review supports the prevalence of a negative relationship between interpersonal childhood trauma and AM. This relationship is present regardless of psychiatric disorders (e.g., Depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Personality Disorders), and in the presence of the latter, AM results even more fragmented. Future research should use more accurate methodologies in identifying and classifying childhood trauma in order to more precisely determine its effect on AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Borrelli
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Vincenza Cinquegrana
- Department of Psychology, University of Study of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Raffaella Perrella
- Department of Psychology, University of Study of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
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Ali M, Veneziani G, Aquilanti I, Wamser-Nanney R, Lai C. Overcoming the civil wars: the role of attachment styles between the impact of war and psychological symptoms and post-traumatic growth among Libyan citizens. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2287952. [PMID: 38088170 PMCID: PMC10993805 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2287952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Civil wars in Libya have impacted the mental health of the general population. The ways in which individuals cope with traumatic events are influenced by several psychological variables.Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate how post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are associated with psychological symptoms and post-traumatic growth (PTG), and to evaluate the role of avoidant and anxious attachment dimensions as mediators in these associations, among Libyan citizens.Method: Three-hundred participants (147 females; age 31.0 ± 8.4 years) completed the Impact of Event Scale - Revised, Experiences in Close Relationships, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Post-traumatic Growth Inventory - Short Form.Results: The structural equation model revealed that insecure attachment dimensions mediated the association between PTSS and psychological symptoms and PTG. PTSS were positively associated with psychological symptoms, PTG, and both insecure attachment dimensions. Insecure attachment dimensions were positively associated with psychological symptoms and negatively with PTG.Conclusion: The present findings contribute to growing empirical research on the roles of insecure attachment dimensions in the association between the impact of war, psychological symptoms, and PTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Veneziani
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Aquilanti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Lai
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Jozefiaková B, Kaščáková N, Adamkovič M, Hašto J, Tavel P. Posttraumatic Growth and Its Measurement: A Closer Look at the PTGI’s Psychometric Properties and Structure. Front Psychol 2022; 13:801812. [PMID: 36092073 PMCID: PMC9449875 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.801812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite negative connotations, surviving trauma can result in improvements in some domains of a person’s life. This phenomenon is known as posttraumatic growth (PTG), and it is typically measured using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Given the ambiguous results of the existing validation studies, the present study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the PTGI in a representative sample of Slovak citizens. Although the results suggest that a modified one-factor structure fit the data best, other issues, such as extremely high correlations between the latent factors related to the PTGI’s factor structure, were observed. It is likely that the application of the latent variable model does not represent the essence of PTG adequately and the network approach thus appears to be a far more suitable conceptualization of PTG. More detailed information on between-person differences and within-person changes in PTG could help to tailor more effective interventions or preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiána Jozefiaková
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Bibiána Jozefiaková,
| | - Natália Kaščáková
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Psychiatric-Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Pro Mente Sana, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matúš Adamkovič
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
- Institute of Social Sciences, Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Hašto
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Psychiatric-Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Pro Mente Sana, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Social Work, St. Elizabeth College of Health and Social Work, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
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Convertino AD, Morland LA, Blashill AJ. Trauma exposure and eating disorders: Results from a United States nationally representative sample. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:1079-1089. [PMID: 35719053 PMCID: PMC9545485 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sexual assault, child abuse, and combat have been linked to eating disorders (EDs). However, noninterpersonal trauma is relatively understudied, and therefore it is unknown whether noninterpersonal trauma is associated with EDs. Furthermore, most previous studies do not account for multiple trauma exposures, or the relative association of traumatic events with EDs in the same statistical model. METHOD Multinomial regression was used to examine the association of lifetime ED diagnosis (anorexia nervosa [AN], bulimia nervosa [BN], binge eating disorder [BED]) with trauma type (sexual interpersonal, other interpersonal, war/combat, and noninterpersonal) in a nationally representative dataset of US adults in bivariate and multivariable (i.e., with all trauma types) models. RESULTS Sexual interpersonal trauma was significantly positively associated with AN and BED in bivariate and multivariable models. In the multivariable model, only BED was found to be equally associated with sexual interpersonal, other interpersonal, and noninterpersonal trauma. DISCUSSION These results indicate a strong positive association between sexual trauma and EDs, even when controlling for experiences of other trauma events. Future research should examine longitudinal mediators between trauma and EDs, especially sexual trauma, to identify what factors may explain this relationship. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Individuals with eating disorders often experience traumatic events but it is unclear whether specific trauma types are more or less common in this population. This study found that only events such as rape and sexual assault are associated with anorexia nervosa, but that most trauma types are associated with binge eating disorder. Therefore, the relationship between trauma and binge eating disorder may function differently than other eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D. Convertino
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical PsychologySan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Leslie A. Morland
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical PsychologySan DiegoCalifornia,Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA,National Center for PTSD–Pacific Islands DivisionHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Aaron J. Blashill
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical PsychologySan DiegoCalifornia,Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma: The Mediating Effects of Family Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105944. [PMID: 35627478 PMCID: PMC9141097 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Family health is important to the well-being of individual family members and the collective family unit, and as such, may serve as a mediator for the intergenerational transmission of trauma (ITT). This study aimed to understand the intergenerational impact of parent’s adverse and positive childhood experiences (ACEs and PCEs) on their children’s adverse family experiences (AFEs) and how family health mediated those relationships. The sample consisted of 482 heterosexual married or cohabiting couples (dyads) in the United States who had a child between the ages of 3 and 13 years old. Each member of the dyad completed a survey, and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Parental ACEs were associated with more AFEs. The fathers’, but not the mothers’, ACEs were associated with worse family health. Parental PCEs were associated with better family health, and family health was associated with lower AFE scores. Indirect effects indicated that parental PCEs decreased AFEs through their impact on family health. Family health also mediated the relationship between the father’s ACEs and the child’s AFEs. Interventions designed to support family health may help decrease child AFEs.
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