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Sarwar M, Sykes PH, Chitcholtan K, Evans JJ. Collagen I dysregulation is pivotal for ovarian cancer progression. Tissue Cell 2021; 74:101704. [PMID: 34871826 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As a principal matrisomal protein, collagen is involved in the regulation of the structural framework of extracellular matrix (ECM) and therefore is potentially crucial in determining the biophysical character of the ECM. It has been suggested that collagen architecture plays a role in ovarian cancer development, progression and therapeutic responses which led us to examine the collagen morphology in normal and cancerous ovarian tissue. Also, the behaviour of ovarian cancer cells cultured in four qualitatively different collagen gels was investigated. The results here provide evidence that collagen I morphology in the cancerous ovary is distinct from that in the normal ovary. Tumour-associated collagen I showed streams or channels of thick elongated collagen I fibrils. Moreover, fibril alignment was significantly more prevalent in endometrioid and clear cell cancers than other ovarian cancer subtypes. In this work, for the first-time collagen I architecture profiling (CAP) was introduced using histochemical staining, which distinguished between the collagen I morphologies of ovarian cancer subtypes. Immunohistochemical examination of ovarian normal and cancerous tissues also supported the notion that focal adhesion and Rho signalling are upregulated in ovarian cancers, especially in the high-grade serous tumours, as indicated by higher expression of p-FAK and p190RhoGEF. The results also support the concept that collagen I architecture, which might be collagen I concentration-dependent, influences proliferation in ovarian cancer cells. The study provides evidence that modification of collagen I architecture integrity is associated with ovarian cancer development and therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhdoom Sarwar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Peter H Sykes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Kenny Chitcholtan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - John J Evans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Christchurch, New Zealand
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2
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Furnishing Wound Repair by the Subcutaneous Fascia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169006. [PMID: 34445709 PMCID: PMC8396603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals rapidly heal wounds through fibrous connective tissue build up and tissue contraction. Recent findings from mouse attribute wound healing to physical mobilization of a fibroelastic connective tissue layer that resides beneath the skin, termed subcutaneous fascia or superficial fascia, into sites of injury. Fascial mobilization assembles diverse cell types and matrix components needed for rapid wound repair. These observations suggest that the factors directly affecting fascial mobility are responsible for chronic skin wounds and excessive skin scarring. In this review, we discuss the link between the fascia's unique tissue anatomy, composition, biomechanical, and rheologic properties to its ability to mobilize its tissue assemblage. Fascia is thus at the forefront of tissue pathology and a better understanding of how it is mobilized may crystallize our view of wound healing alterations during aging, diabetes, and fibrous disease and create novel therapeutic strategies for wound repair.
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3
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Distinct fibroblasts in scars and regeneration. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 70:7-14. [PMID: 34022662 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The skin is home to a collection of fibroblastic cell types from varying embryonic origins. These varying fibroblastic lineages display unique genetic programs and in vivo functions. Studying the diversity of fibroblastic cells is emerging as an important area for cutaneous biology, wound repair and regenerative medicine. In this mini-review we discuss the distinct embryonic origins, microenvironments, and transcriptomic profiles of fibroblastic lineages, and how these varying lineages shape the skin's wound response across injury depths, anatomic locations, and developmental time to promote either scarring or regeneration. We outline how the development of single cell sequencing has led to our improved understanding of fibroblastic lineages at the molecular level and discuss existing challenges and future outlook on developing regenerative therapies that are based on this emerging field of eclectic fibroblasts.
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Buscemi A, Petralia MC, Ramaci T, Rapisarda A, Provazza C, Di Corrado D, Perciavalle V, Perciavalle V, Coco M. Ergojump evaluation of the explosive strength in volleyball athletes pre- and post-fascial treatment. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1470-1476. [PMID: 31384337 PMCID: PMC6639914 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It has previously been demonstrated that physiological mechanisms are involved in muscle pain and fatigue, as the nociceptive afferents of the fascial system are able to modulate the afferent response of the central nervous system. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a sample of volleyball players, and investigate whether osteopathic treatment of the lower limb muscle groups improved the explosive force of the limbs, whilst reducing spasms and tension, releasing tissue strain and correcting posture. A randomized control study was performed to evaluate 57 athletes who underwent fascial manipulative treatment to assess if such treatment affected the muscle strength of the lower limbs. The treatment group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in the squatting jump test (P<0.0001) and in the counter movement jump test (P<0.0001). Furthermore, the control group did not exhibit any improvement in the squatting jump test (P<0.56) or in the counter movement jump test (P<0.32). The results suggested that correction of the fascial system required a minimum time of 30 days in order to obtain an improvement of fascial mechanics and sports performance. Therefore, use of a fascial protocol during athletic training will help improve the balance of the bands and, as a direct consequence, improve the efficiency of the musculoskeletal system, thereby reducing the risk of injury. It would therefore be advisable to perform osteopathic treatment techniques every two months during an athletic season to maintain the balance of the fascial system and obtain the most efficient results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Buscemi
- Department of Research, Center Studies of Osteopathy, I-95129 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Ramaci
- Sciences of Man and of The Society, University Kore of Enna, I-94100 Enna, Italy
| | | | - Carmelo Provazza
- Department of Research, Center Studies of Osteopathy, I-95129 Catania, Italy
| | - Donatella Di Corrado
- Sciences of Man and of The Society, University Kore of Enna, I-94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Perciavalle
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Marinella Coco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
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Anandkumar S, Manivasagam M. Effect of dry needling on cubital tunnel syndrome: Three case reports. Physiother Theory Pract 2018. [PMID: 29528796 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2018.1449275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This case series describes three patients who presented with right medial elbow pain managed unsuccessfully with conservative treatment that included medication, massage, exercise therapy, ultrasound therapy, neurodynamic mobilization, and taping. Diagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome was based on palpatory findings, a positive elbow flexion test, and a positive Tinel's sign. Conventionally, the intervention for this entrapment has been surgical decompression, with successful outcomes. This is potentially a first-time description of the successful management of cubital tunnel syndrome with dry needling (DN) using a recently published DN grading system. The patients were seen twice a week for 2 weeks with immediate improvements noted in all the outcome measures after the first treatment session. At discharge, they were pain-free and fully functional, which was maintained up to a 6-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Anandkumar
- a Registered Physiotherapist, CBI Health Centre , Chilliwack , British Columbia , Canada
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6
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Abstract
This case report describes a 45-year-old male who presented with chronic right lateral elbow pain managed unsuccessfully with conservative treatment that included anti-inflammatory medication, injection, massage, exercise, bracing, taping, electro-physical agents, and manual therapy. Diagnosis of radial tunnel syndrome (RTS) was based on palpatory findings, range of motion testing, resisted isometrics, and a positive upper limb neural tension test 2b (radial nerve bias). Conventionally, the intervention for this entrapment has been surgical decompression, with successful outcomes. This is potentially a first-time report, describing the successful management of RTS with dry needling (DN) using a recently published DN grading system. Immediate improvements were noted in all the outcome measures after the first treatment, with complete pain-resolution maintained at a 6-month follow-up. A model is proposed describing the mechanism by which DN could be used to intervene for nerve entrapment interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Anandkumar
- a Registered Physiotherapist , CBI Health Centre , Chilliwack , British Columbia , Canada
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Liddle CE, Harris RE. Cellular Reorganization Plays a Vital Role in Acupuncture Analgesia. Med Acupunct 2018; 30:15-20. [PMID: 29410716 DOI: 10.1089/acu.2017.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acupuncture has a long history of relieving many forms of pain. However, many of acupuncture's mechanisms are still unknown and/or misunderstood. Objective: This review looks at past research on many different methods and targets of study related to acupuncture. The main focus is upon the importance of connective-tissue planes in and around acupuncture points. Method: Relevant articles from journals as well as books on the topic were searched manually for information related to the topic. Results: Various studies offered different (and sometimes interrelated) mechanisms for how acupuncture needling results in analgesia among other effects. Emerging evidence, however, has shown the increasing importance of extracellular matrix rearrangements that result in lower mechanical stress states of surrounding tissues. This leads to lower constant stimulation of regional mechanoreceptors, in turn, reducing chronic pain and discomfort. Conclusions: The extracellular matrix has emerged as an important area of study on the effects of acupuncture needling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner E Liddle
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,College of Literature Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Richard E Harris
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Han X, Li H, Hua W, Dai L, Ao Z, Liao F, Han D. Fluid in the tissue channels of vascular adventitia investigated by AFM and TEM. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 67:173-182. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-170284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiao Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Wenda Hua
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Luru Dai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Ao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fulong Liao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
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Anandkumar S, Manivasagam M. Effect of fascia dry needling on non-specific thoracic pain - A proposed dry needling grading system. Physiother Theory Pract 2017; 33:420-428. [PMID: 28481688 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2017.1318423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This case report describes a 42-year-old female who presented with complaints of diffuse pain in her thoracic paraspinal region from T2 to T7. Physical examination revealed tenderness, increased turgor and restriction of her superficial fascia. A potential first time description of successful management utilizing fascia dry needling is described in this report with improvements noted in pain, range of motion, and functional activities. The patient was discharged from physiotherapy after four treatment sessions, and a follow-up after 3 months revealed that she was pain free and fully functional. A grading system (Sudarshan and Murugavel Dry Needling Grading Scale©) is proposed describing the various grades of dry needling to guide clinical reasoning and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Anandkumar
- a Registered Physiotherapist , CBI Health Centre , Chilliwack , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Murugavel Manivasagam
- b Physiotherapist, Rehabilitation Department , Brunei Jerudong Park Medical Centre , Jerudong Park , Brunei Darussalam
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10
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The effects of porosity and stiffness of genipin cross-linked egg white simulating aged extracellular matrix on proliferation and aggregation of ovarian cancer cells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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11
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Biological effects of direct and indirect manipulation of the fascial system. Narrative review. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2017; 21:435-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Xiong Y, Berrueta L, Urso K, Olenich S, Muskaj I, Badger GJ, Aliprantis A, Lafyatis R, Langevin HM. Stretching Reduces Skin Thickness and Improves Subcutaneous Tissue Mobility in a Murine Model of Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:124. [PMID: 28261202 PMCID: PMC5311037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although physical therapy can help preserve mobility in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), stretching has not been used systematically as a treatment to prevent or reverse the disease process. We previously showed in rodent models that stretching promotes the resolution of connective tissue inflammation and reduces new collagen formation after injury. Here, we tested the hypothesis that stretching would impact scleroderma development using a mouse sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease (sclGvHD) model. Methods The model consists in the adoptive transfer (allogeneic) of splenocytes from B10.D2 mice (graft) into Rag2−/− BALB/c hosts (sclGvHD), resulting in skin inflammation followed by fibrosis over 4 weeks. SclGvHD mice and controls were randomized to stretching in vivo for 10 min daily versus no stretching. Results Weekly ultrasound measurements of skin thickness and subcutaneous tissue mobility in the back (relative tissue displacement during passive trunk motion) successfully captured the different phases of the sclGvHD model. Stretching reduced skin thickness and increased subcutaneous tissue mobility compared to no stretching at week 3. Stretching also reduced the expression of CCL2 and ADAM8 in the skin at week 4, which are two genes known to be upregulated in both murine sclGvHD and the inflammatory subset of human SSc. However, there was no evidence that stretching attenuated inflammation at week 2. Conclusion Daily stretching for 10 min can improve skin thickness and mobility in the absence of any other treatment in the sclGvHD murine model. These pre-clinical results suggest that a systematic investigation of stretching as a therapeutic modality is warranted in patients with SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Lisbeth Berrueta
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Katia Urso
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Sara Olenich
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Igla Muskaj
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Gary J Badger
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT , USA
| | - Antonios Aliprantis
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Helene M Langevin
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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13
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Fascia and Primo Vascular System. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:303769. [PMID: 26379741 PMCID: PMC4561979 DOI: 10.1155/2015/303769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The anatomical basis for the concept of acupuncture points/meridians in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has not been resolved. This paper reviews the fascia research progress and the relationship among acupuncture points/meridians, primo vascular system (PVS), and fascia. Fascia is as a covering, with common origins of layers of the fascial system despite diverse names for individual parts. Fascia assists gliding and fluid flow and holds memory and is highly innervated. Fascia is intimately involved with nourishment of all cells of the body, including those of disease and cancer. The human body's fascia network may be the physical substrate represented by the meridians of TCM. The PVS is a newly found circulatory system; recent increased interest has led to new research and new discoveries in the anatomical and functional aspects of the PVS. The fasciology theory provides new insights into the physiological effects of acupuncture needling on basic cellular mechanisms including connective tissue mechanotransduction and regeneration. This view represents a theoretical basis and means for applying modern biomedical research to examining TCM principles and therapies, and it favors a holistic approach to diagnosis and treatment.
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14
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Understanding Fibroblasts in Order to Comprehend the Osteopathic Treatment of the Fascia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:860934. [PMID: 26357524 PMCID: PMC4556860 DOI: 10.1155/2015/860934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The osteopathic treatment of the fascia involves several techniques, each aimed at allowing the various layers of the connective system to slide over each other, improving the responses of the afferents in case of dysfunction. However, before becoming acquainted with a method, one must be aware of the structure and function of the tissue that needs treating, in order to not only better understand the manual approach, but also make a more conscious choice of the therapeutic technique to employ, in order to adjust the treatment to the specific needs of the patient. This paper examines the current literature regarding the function and structure of the fascial system and its foundation, that is, the fibroblasts. These connective cells have many properties, including the ability to contract and to communicate with one another. They play a key role in the transmission of the tension produced by the muscles and in the management of the interstitial fluids. They are a source of nociceptive and proprioceptive information as well, which is useful for proper functioning of the body system. Therefore, the fibroblasts are an invaluable instrument, essential to the understanding of the therapeutic effects of osteopathic treatment. Scientific research should make greater efforts to better understand their functioning and relationships.
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16
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Tozzi P. A unifying neuro-fasciagenic model of somatic dysfunction - Underlying mechanisms and treatment - Part II. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2015; 19:526-43. [PMID: 26118526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper offers an extensive review of the main fascia-mediated mechanisms underlying various therapeutic processes of clinical relevance for manual therapy. The concept of somatic dysfunction is revisited in light of the several fascial influences that may come into play during and after manual treatment. A change in perspective is thus proposed: from a nociceptive model that for decades has viewed somatic dysfunction as a neurologically-mediated phenomenon, to a unifying neuro-fascial model that integrates neural influences into a multifactorial and multidimensional interpretation of manual therapeutic effects as being partially, if not entirely, mediated by the fascia. By taking into consideration a wide spectrum of fascia-related factors - from cell-based mechanisms to cognitive and behavioural influences - a model emerges suggesting, amongst other results, a multidisciplinary-approach to the intervention of somatic dysfunction. Finally, it is proposed that a sixth osteopathic 'meta-model' - the connective tissue-fascial model - be added to the existing five models in osteopathic philosophy as the main interface between all body systems, thus providing a structural and functional framework for the body's homoeostatic potential and its inherent abilities to heal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tozzi
- School of Osteopathy C.R.O.M.O.N., Rome, Italy; C.O.ME. Collaboration, Pescara, Italy.
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17
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Abstract
Every body structure is wrapped in connective tissue, or fascia, creating a structural continuity that gives form and function to every tissue and organ. Currently, there is still little information on the functions and interactions between the fascial continuum and the body system; unfortunately, in medical literature there are few texts explaining how fascial stasis or altered movement of the various connective layers can generate a clinical problem. Certainly, the fascia plays a significant role in conveying mechanical tension, in order to control an inflammatory environment. The fascial continuum is essential for transmitting muscle force, for correct motor coordination, and for preserving the organs in their site; the fascia is a vital instrument that enables the individual to communicate and live independently. This article considers what the literature offers on symptoms related to the fascial system, trying to connect the existing information on the continuity of the connective tissue and symptoms that are not always clearly defined. In our opinion, knowing and understanding this complex system of fascial layers is essential for the clinician and other health practitioners in finding the best treatment strategy for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bordoni
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS S Maria Nascente, Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy ; CRESO Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Milan, Italy
| | - Emiliano Zanier
- CRESO Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Milan, Italy ; EdiAcademy, Milan, Italy
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18
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Foolen J, Janssen-van den Broek MWJT, Baaijens FPT. Synergy between Rho signaling and matrix density in cyclic stretch-induced stress fiber organization. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1876-85. [PMID: 24334146 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cells adapt in response to mechanical stimulation to ensure adequate tissue functioning. F-actin stress fibers provide a key element in the adaptation process. The high sensitivity and fast adaptation of the F-actin cytoskeleton to cyclic strain have been studied extensively in a 2-D environment; however, 3-D data are scarce. Our previous work showed that stress fibers organize perpendicular to cyclic stretching (stretch-avoidance) in three dimensions. However, stretch-avoidance was absent when cells populated a high density matrix. In this study our aim was to obtain more insight into the synergy between matrix density and the signaling pathways that govern stress fiber remodeling. Therefore we studied stress fiber organization in 3-D reconstituted collagen tissues (at low and high matrix density), subjected to cyclic stretch upon interference with molecular signaling pathways. In particular, the influence of the small GTPase Rho and its downstream effectors were studied. Only at low matrix density does stress fiber stretch avoidance show a stretch-magnitude-dependent response. The activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), Rho-kinase and myosin light chain kinase are essential for stress fiber reorientation. Although high matrix density restricts stress fiber reorientation, Rho activation can overcome this restriction, but only in the presence of active MMPs. Results from this study highlight a synergistic action between matrix remodeling and Rho signaling in cyclic-stretch-induced stress fiber organization in 3-D tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Foolen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, GEM-Z 4.117, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Frank P T Baaijens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, GEM-Z 4.117, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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de Jonge N, Foolen J, Brugmans MCP, Söntjens SHM, Baaijens FPT, Bouten CVC. Degree of scaffold degradation influences collagen (re)orientation in engineered tissues. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1747-57. [PMID: 24372199 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering provides a promising tool for creating load-bearing cardiovascular tissues. Ideally, the neotissue produced by cells possesses native strength and anisotropy. By providing contact-guiding cues with microfibers, scaffold directionality can guide tissue organization. However, scaffolds transiently degrade, which may induce undesired tissue remodeling in response to applied strain. We hypothesize that in newly formed tissues, the collagen matrix does not yet provide contact guidance to the cells, and collagen orientation is altered via strain-induced remodeling. To test this hypothesis, we studied the influence of lipase-induced scaffold degradation on collagen (re)orientation at static constraint. Myofibroblasts were cultured in electrospun PCL-U4U anisotropic microfiber scaffolds, which were statically constrained perpendicular to the scaffold fibers. During 2 weeks of culture, neotissue formation aligned in the direction of the scaffold fibers, after which scaffolds were degraded to different degrees (12%, 27%, and 79% reduction in scaffold weight) and collagen (re)orientation was studied after one additional week of culturing. High degrees of scaffold degradation (79%) were associated with remodeling of the collagen toward the constraint direction, while collagen organization was maintained at low degrees of scaffold degradation. These results highlight the importance of slow scaffold degradation when aiming at maintaining collagen orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky de Jonge
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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20
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Langevin HM, Nedergaard M, Howe AK. Cellular control of connective tissue matrix tension. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1714-9. [PMID: 23444198 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The biomechanical behavior of connective tissue in response to stretching is generally attributed to the molecular composition and organization of its extracellular matrix. It also is becoming apparent that fibroblasts play an active role in regulating connective tissue tension. In response to static stretching of the tissue, fibroblasts expand within minutes by actively remodeling their cytoskeleton. This dynamic change in fibroblast shape contributes to the drop in tissue tension that occurs during viscoelastic relaxation. We propose that this response of fibroblasts plays a role in regulating extracellular fluid flow into the tissue, and protects against swelling when the matrix is stretched. This article reviews the evidence supporting possible mechanisms underlying this response including autocrine purinergic signaling. We also discuss fibroblast regulation of connective tissue tension with respect to lymphatic flow, immune function, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene M Langevin
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
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Goldman N, Chandler-Militello D, Langevin HM, Nedergaard M, Takano T. Purine receptor mediated actin cytoskeleton remodeling of human fibroblasts. Cell Calcium 2013; 53:297-301. [PMID: 23462235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Earlier studies have shown that activation of adenosine A1 receptors on peripheral pain fibers contributes to acupuncture-induced suppression of painful input. In addition to adenosine, acupuncture triggers the release of other purines, including ATP and ADP that may bind to purine receptors on nearby fibroblasts. We here show that purine agonists trigger increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) signaling in a cultured human fibroblasts cell line. The profile of agonist-induced Ca(2+) increases indicates that the cells express functional P2yR2 and P2yR4 receptors, as well as P2yR1 and P2xR7 receptors. Unexpectedly, purine-induced Ca(2+) signaling was associated with a remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. ATP induced a transient loss in F-actin stress fiber. The changes of actin cytoskeleton occurred slowly and peaked at 10min after agonist exposure. Inhibition of ATP-induced increases in Ca(2+) by cyclopiazonic acid blocked receptor-mediated cytoskeleton remodeling. The Ca(2+) ionophore failed to induce cytoskeletal remodeling despite triggering robust increases in cytosolic Ca(2+). These observations indicate that purine signaling induces transient changes in fibroblast cytoarchitecture that could be related to the beneficial effects of acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Goldman
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
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