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Yan X, Zheng J, Ren W, Li S, Yang S, Zhi K, Gao L. O-GlcNAcylation: roles and potential therapeutic target for bone pathophysiology. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:279. [PMID: 38773637 PMCID: PMC11106977 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) protein modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a critical post-translational modification (PTM) of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. O-GlcNAcylation levels are regulated by the activity of two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O‑GlcNAcase (OGA). While OGT attaches O-GlcNAc to proteins, OGA removes O-GlcNAc from proteins. Since its discovery, researchers have demonstrated O-GlcNAcylation on thousands of proteins implicated in numerous different biological processes. Moreover, dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation has been associated with several pathologies, including cancers, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focus on progress in our understanding of the role of O-GlcNAcylation in bone pathophysiology, and we discuss the potential molecular mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylation modulation of bone-related diseases. In addition, we explore significant advances in the identification of O-GlcNAcylation-related regulators as potential therapeutic targets, providing novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of bone-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 1677 Wutaishan Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266555, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenhao Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 1677 Wutaishan Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266555, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoming Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 1677 Wutaishan Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266555, Shandong, China
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Keqian Zhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China.
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 1677 Wutaishan Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266555, Shandong, China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China.
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 1677 Wutaishan Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266555, Shandong, China.
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2
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Zhang FF, Hao Y, Zhang KX, Yang JJ, Zhao ZQ, Liu HJ, Li JT. Interplay between mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages: Promoting bone tissue repair. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:375-388. [PMID: 38690513 PMCID: PMC11056637 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i4.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The repair of bone tissue damage is a complex process that is well-orchestrated in time and space, a focus and difficulty in orthopedic treatment. In recent years, the success of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-mediated bone repair in clinical trials of large-area bone defects and bone necrosis has made it a candidate in bone tissue repair engineering and regenerative medicine. MSCs are closely related to macrophages. On one hand, MSCs regulate the immune regulatory function by influencing macrophages proliferation, infiltration, and phenotype polarization, while also affecting the osteoclasts differentiation of macrophages. On the other hand, macrophages activate MSCs and mediate the multilineage differentiation of MSCs by regulating the immune microenvironment. The cross-talk between MSCs and macrophages plays a crucial role in regulating the immune system and in promoting tissue regeneration. Making full use of the relationship between MSCs and macrophages will enhance the efficacy of MSCs therapy in bone tissue repair, and will also provide a reference for further application of MSCs in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fan Zhang
- Molecular Biology Lab, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yang Hao
- Molecular Biology Lab, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
- Graduate School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Kuai-Xiang Zhang
- Molecular Biology Lab, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
- Graduate School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiang-Jia Yang
- Molecular Biology Lab, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhao
- Molecular Biology Lab, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Hong-Jian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Ji-Tian Li
- Molecular Biology Lab, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
- Graduate School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China.
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3
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Yang M, Zhu L. Osteoimmunology: The Crosstalk between T Cells, B Cells, and Osteoclasts in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2688. [PMID: 38473934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an ongoing inflammatory condition that affects the joints and can lead to severe damage to cartilage and bones, resulting in significant disability. This condition occurs when the immune system becomes overactive, causing osteoclasts, cells responsible for breaking down bone, to become more active than necessary, leading to bone breakdown. RA disrupts the equilibrium between osteoclasts and osteoblasts, resulting in serious complications such as localized bone erosion, weakened bones surrounding the joints, and even widespread osteoporosis. Antibodies against the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), a crucial stimulator of osteoclast differentiation, have shown great effectiveness both in laboratory settings and actual patient cases. Researchers are increasingly focusing on osteoclasts as significant contributors to bone erosion in RA. Given that RA involves an overactive immune system, T cells and B cells play a pivotal role by intensifying the immune response. The imbalance between Th17 cells and Treg cells, premature aging of T cells, and excessive production of antibodies by B cells not only exacerbate inflammation but also accelerate bone destruction. Understanding the connection between the immune system and osteoclasts is crucial for comprehending the impact of RA on bone health. By delving into the immune mechanisms that lead to joint damage, exploring the interactions between the immune system and osteoclasts, and investigating new biomarkers for RA, we can significantly improve early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
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4
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Cai L, Lv Y, Yan Q, Guo W. Cytokines: The links between bone and the immune system. Injury 2024; 55:111203. [PMID: 38043143 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.111203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis results from an imbalance in a highly balanced physiological process called bone remodeling, in which osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation play important roles. Osteoimmunology is a newly discovered interdisciplinary research field that focuses on the relationship between bone and the immune system. Specifically, bone and the immune system interact through cytokines, immune cells secrete cytokines, and cytokines finely regulate bone metabolism by mediating the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Therefore, understanding the influence of cytokines on bone metabolism is conducive for the development of novel targeted drugs against immune-related bone diseases. This review summarizes the pathophysiological functions of various common cytokines in bone and discusses the potential clinical value of multiple cytokines in immune-mediated bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Department of Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Anyang People's Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - You Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Qihui Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Weiying Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Rahmati M, Haffner M, Lee MA, Leach JK, Saiz AM. The critical impact of traumatic muscle loss on fracture healing: Basic science and clinical aspects. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:249-258. [PMID: 37990953 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal trauma, specifically fractures, is a leading cause of patient morbidity and disability worldwide. In approximately 20% of cases with fracture and related traumatic muscle loss, bone healing is impaired leading to fracture nonunion. Over the past few years, several studies have demonstrated that bone and the surrounding muscle tissue interact not only anatomically and mechanically but also through biochemical pathways and mediators. Severe damage to the surrounding musculature at the fracture site causes an insufficiency in muscle-derived osteoprogenitor cells that are crucial for fracture healing. As an endocrine tissue, skeletal muscle produces many myokines that act on different bone cells, such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells. Investigating how muscle influences fracture healing at cellular, molecular, and hormonal levels provides translational therapeutic solutions to this clinical challenge. This review provides an overview about the contributions of surrounding muscle tissue in directing fracture healing. The focus of the review is on describing the interactions between bone and muscle in both healthy and fractured environments. We discuss current progress in identifying the bone-muscle molecular pathways and strategies to harness these pathways as cues for accelerating fracture healing. In addition, we review the existing challenges and research opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahmati
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Max Haffner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mark A Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Kent Leach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Augustine M Saiz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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Padovano C, Bianco SD, Sansico F, De Santis E, Tamiro F, Colucci M, Totti B, Di Iasio S, Bruno G, Panelli P, Miscio G, Mazza T, Giambra V. The Notch1 signaling pathway directly modulates the human RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21199. [PMID: 38040752 PMCID: PMC10692129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionary conserved pathway with a key role in tissue homeostasis, differentiation and proliferation. It was reported that Notch1 receptor negatively regulates mouse osteoclast development and formation by inhibiting the expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor in mesenchymal cells. Nonetheless, the involvement of Notch1 pathway in the generation of human osteoclasts is still controversial. Here, we report that the constitutive activation of Notch1 signaling induced a differentiation block in human mononuclear CD14+ cells directly isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon in vitro stimulation to osteoclasts. Additionally, using a combined approach of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) simultaneously with a panel of 31 oligo-conjugated antibodies against cell surface markers (AbSeq assay) as well as unsupervised learning methods, we detected four different cell stages of human RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis after 5 days in which Notch1 signaling enforces the cell expansion of specific subsets. These cell populations were characterized by distinct gene expression and immunophenotypic profiles and active Notch1, JAK/STAT and WNT signaling pathways. Furthermore, cell-cell communication analyses revealed extrinsic modulators of osteoclast progenitors including the IL7/IL7R and WNT5a/RYK axes. Interestingly, we also report that Interleukin-7 receptor (IL7R) was a downstream effector of Notch1 pathway and that Notch1 and IL7R interplay promoted cell expansion of human RANKL-induced osteoclast progenitors. Taken together, these findings underline a novel cell pattern of human osteoclastogenesis, outlining the key role of Notch1 and IL-7R signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanzo Padovano
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Salvatore Daniele Bianco
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesca Sansico
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Elisabetta De Santis
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Francesco Tamiro
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Mattia Colucci
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Beatrice Totti
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Serena Di Iasio
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Gaja Bruno
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Patrizio Panelli
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Miscio
- Clinical Laboratory Analysis and Transfusional Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Giambra
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
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Sun H, Wang S, Tan W, Li Y, Ren Q, Liu Y, Huang Y, Shi C, Li J. Echinococcus granulosus promotes bone resorption by increasing osteoclasts differentiation. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107027. [PMID: 37722448 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Osseous cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a rare disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus, which is characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality. However, it is severely neglected due to its mainly regional epidemic. The development of osseous CE is usually accompanied by severe bone erosion and destruction at the site of infection; however, there is a gap in research on the mechanism of this phenomenon. The current treatment for this disease is single-sided, ineffective, and has a high rate of disability and recurrence. Our study investigated the mechanism of bone destruction caused by osseous CE and provided a theoretical basis for basic research and innovative ideas for treating clinical disease. A co-culture system of osteoclast progenitor cells and protoscoleces (PSCs) was established to test the effects of PSCs on osteoclast differentiation. We also created two disease models of spinal and femoral CE, with the highest incidence of osseous CE. We verified the effect of E. granulosus on osteoclasts at the infection site in vivo. The stimulatory effect of E. granulosus on osteoclast formation was confirmed by in vivo and in vitro experiments. This study elucidates the elementary mechanism of bone destruction in osseous CE and fills a gap in the field of basic osseous CE research, which is conducive to treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Sun
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Sibo Wang
- Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi 710000, China
| | - Wenbo Tan
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Ye Li
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Chenhui Shi
- Orthopaedic Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Orthopaedic Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China.
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Xu J, Yu L, Liu F, Wan L, Deng Z. The effect of cytokines on osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone remodeling in osteoporosis: a review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1222129. [PMID: 37475866 PMCID: PMC10355373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The complicated connections and cross talk between the skeletal system and the immune system are attracting more attention, which is developing into the field of Osteoimmunology. In this field, cytokines that are among osteoblasts and osteoclasts play a critical role in bone remodeling, which is a pathological process in the pathogenesis and development of osteoporosis. Those cytokines include the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, the interleukin (IL) family, interferon (IFN), chemokines, and so on, most of which influence the bone microenvironment, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. This review summarizes the effect of cytokines on osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone remodeling in osteoporosis, aiming to providing the latest reference to the role of immunology in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linxin Yu
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longbiao Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenhua Deng
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Wuhan, China
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Xu D, Gao HJ, Lu CY, Tian HM, Yu XJ. Vitamin D inhibits bone loss in mice with thyrotoxicosis by activating the OPG/RANKL and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1066089. [PMID: 36531471 PMCID: PMC9748851 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1066089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D and thyroid hormones have crucial roles in bone metabolism. This study aims to explore the effects of vitamin D on bone metabolism in mice with thyrotoxicosis and its mechanisms. METHODS 12-week-old mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (6 mice/group), the control (CON) group, vitamin D (VD) group, low-dose LT4 (Low LT4) group, low-dose LT4+VD (Low LT4+VD) group, high-dose LT4 (High LT4) group, high-dose LT4+VD (High LT4+VD) group, LT4 was provided every day and vitamin D3 every other day for 12 weeks. Thyroid function, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, type I collagen carboxy-terminal peptide (CTX), and type I procollagen amino-terminal peptide were determined. In addition, microcomputed tomography, bone histology and histomorphometry, a three-point bending test, and the mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and β-catenin in bone were conducted. RESULTS The BMD of lumbar vertebrae and femur decreased and the bone microstructure was destroyed significantly in thyrotoxicosis mice. Addition of vitamin D improved the BMD and bone microstructure only in the low LT4+VD group. Mice with thyrotoxicosis had a significantly higher level of CTX (P<0.05), which was decreased by treatment with vitamin D (P<0.05). The eroded surface per bone surface (Er. S/BS) of the cancellous bone and elongated surface/endocortical perimeter (Er. S/E Pm) of the cortical bone significantly increased in the Low LT4 and High LT4 groups (P<0.05). Treatment with vitamin D significantly decreased the Er. S/BS and Er. S/E Pm. But, treatment with vitamin D did not significantly improve the toughness and rigidity of bones. The ratio of OPG to RANKL and mRNA expression of β-catenin in the Low LT4+VD group were higher than that in the Low LT4 group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION In mice with thyrotoxicosis, treatment with vitamin D can inhibit bone resorption and improve the BMD and trabecular bone architecture by increasing the ratio of OPG to RANKL and upregulating the expression of Wnt/β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Internal Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, People’s Hospital of Le Shan, Le Shan, China
| | - Hong-Jiao Gao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Internal Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chun-Yan Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Internal Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chun-Yan Lu, ; Hao-Ming Tian,
| | - Hao-Ming Tian
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Internal Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chun-Yan Lu, ; Hao-Ming Tian,
| | - Xi-Jie Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Internal Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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10
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The Development of Molecular Biology of Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158182. [PMID: 34360948 PMCID: PMC8347149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the major bone disorders that affects both women and men, and causes bone deterioration and bone strength. Bone remodeling maintains bone mass and mineral homeostasis through the balanced action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone formation and bone resorption, respectively. The imbalance in bone remodeling is known to be the main cause of osteoporosis. The imbalance can be the result of the action of various molecules produced by one bone cell that acts on other bone cells and influence cell activity. The understanding of the effect of these molecules on bone can help identify new targets and therapeutics to prevent and treat bone disorders. In this article, we have focused on molecules that are produced by osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts and their mechanism of action on these cells. We have also summarized the different pharmacological osteoporosis treatments that target different molecular aspects of these bone cells to minimize osteoporosis.
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Peng H, Hua Z, Yang H, Wang J. [Research progress on mechanism of myokines regulating bone tissue cells]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:923-929. [PMID: 34308604 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202012062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To review the effects and mechanisms of various myokines secreted by skeletal muscle on various bone tissue cells. Methods Literature related to myokines and their regulation of bone tissue cells was reviewed and analyzed comprehensively in recent years. Results Bone and skeletal muscle are important members of the motor system, and they are closely related in anatomy, genetics, and physiopathology. In recent years, it has been found that skeletal muscle can secrete a variety of myokines to regulate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone cells; these factors mutual crosstalk between myoskeletal unit, contact each other and influence each other, forming a complex myoskeletal micro-environment, and to some extent, it has a positive impact on bone repair and reconstruction. Conclusion Myokines are potential targets for the dynamic balance of bone tissue cells. In-depth study of its mechanism is helpful to the prevention and treatment of myoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Peng
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu, 210023, P.R.China
| | - Zhen Hua
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi Jiangsu, 214071, P.R.China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215006, P.R.China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi Jiangsu, 214071, P.R.China
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Al-Hamed FS, Rodan R, Ramirez-Garcialuna JL, Elkashty O, Al-Shahrani N, Tran SD, Lordkipanidzé M, Kaartinen M, Badran Z, Tamimi F. The effect of aging on the bone healing properties of blood plasma. Injury 2021; 52:1697-1708. [PMID: 34049703 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Age-related changes in blood composition have been found to affect overall health. Thus, this study aimed to understand the effect of these changes on bone healing by assessing how plasma derived from young and old rats affect bone healing using a rat model. METHODS . Blood plasma was collected from 6-month and 24-month old rats. Differences in elemental composition and metabolome were assessed using optical emission spectrometry and liquid mass spectrometry, respectively. Bilateral tibial bone defects were created in eight rats. Young plasma was randomly applied to one defect, while aged plasma was applied to the contralateral one. Rats were euthanized after two weeks, and their tibiae were analyzed using micro-CT and histology. The proteome of bone marrow was analyzed in an additional group of three rats. RESULTS Bone-defects treated with aged-plasma were significantly bigger in size and presented lower bone volume/tissue volume compared to defects treated with young-plasma. Histomorphometric analysis showed fewer mast cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes in defects treated with old versus young plasma. The proteome analysis showed that young plasma upregulated pathways required for bone healing (e.g. RUNX2, platelet signaling, and crosslinking of collagen fibrils) whereas old plasma upregulated pathways, involved in disease and inflammation (e.g. IL-7, IL-15, IL-20, and GM-CSF signaling). Plasma derived from old rats presented higher concentrations of iron, phosphorous, and nucleotide metabolites as well as lower concentrations of platelets, citric acid cycle, and pentose phosphate pathway metabolites compared to plasma derived from young rats. CONCLUSION bone defects treated with plasma-derived from young rats showed better healing compared to defects treated with plasma-derived from old rats. The application of young and old plasmas has different effects on the proteome of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rania Rodan
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Senior specialist in periodontology, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jose Luis Ramirez-Garcialuna
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; The Bone Engineering Labs, Research Institute McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Osama Elkashty
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Simon D Tran
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Lordkipanidzé
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mari Kaartinen
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zahi Badran
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Periodontology (CHU/Rmes Inserm U1229/UIC11), Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Nantes, Nantes, France; College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Lanthionine, a Novel Uremic Toxin, in the Vascular Calcification of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136875. [PMID: 34206780 PMCID: PMC8269354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several components influence the occurrence of VC, among which inflammation. A novel uremic toxin, lanthionine, was shown to increase intracellular calcium in endothelial cells and may have a role in VC. A group of CKD patients was selected and divided into patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 and ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Total Calcium Score (TCS), based on the Agatston score, was assessed as circulating lanthionine and a panel of different cytokines. A hemodialysis patient group was also considered. Lanthionine was elevated in CKD patients, and levels increased significantly in hemodialysis patients with respect to the two CKD groups; in addition, lanthionine increased along with the increase in TCS, starting from one up to three. Interleukin IL-6, IL-8, and Eotaxin were significantly increased in patients with GFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 with respect to those with GFR ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m2. IL-1b, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12, Eotaxin, and VEGF increased in calcified patients with respect to the non-calcified. IL-8 and Eotaxin were elevated both in the low GFR group and in the calcified group. We propose that lanthionine, but also IL-8 and Eotaxin, in particular, are a key feature of VC of CKD, with possible marker significance.
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Exploring the Pharmacological Mechanism of Duhuo Jisheng Decoction in Treating Osteoporosis Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5510290. [PMID: 33880122 PMCID: PMC8046540 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5510290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this work is to study the mechanism of action of Duhuo Jisheng Decoction (DHJSD) in the treatment of osteoporosis based on the methods of bioinformatics and network pharmacology. Methods In this study, the active compounds of each medicinal ingredient of DHJSD and their corresponding targets were obtained from TCMSP database. Osteoporosis was treated as search query in GeneCards, MalaCards, DisGeNET, Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), and OMIM databases to obtain disease-related genes. The overlapping targets of DHJSD and osteoporosis were identified, and then GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed. Cytoscape was employed to construct DHJSD-compounds-target genes-osteoporosis network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. CytoHubba was utilized to select the hub genes. The activities of binding of hub genes and key components were confirmed by molecular docking. Results 174 active compounds and their 205 related potential targets were identified in DHJSD for the treatment of osteoporosis, including 10 hub genes (AKT1, ALB, IL6, MAPK3, VEGFA, JUN, CASP3, EGFR, MYC, and EGF). Pathway enrichment analysis of target proteins indicated that osteoclast differentiation, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, Wnt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway were the specifically major pathways regulated by DHJSD against osteoporosis. Further verification based on molecular docking results showed that the small molecule compounds (Quercetin, Kaempferol, Beta-sitosterol, Beta-carotene, and Formononetin) contained in DHJSD generally have excellent binding affinity to the macromolecular target proteins encoded by the top 10 genes. Conclusion This study reveals the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway of DHJSD against osteoporosis and provides novel insights for verifying the mechanism of DHJSD in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Abstract
Cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors have traditionally been thought of as regulators of the development and function of immune and blood cells. However, an ever-expanding number of these factors have been discovered to have major effects on bone cells and the development of the skeleton in health and disease (Table 1). In addition, several cytokines have been directly linked to the development of osteoporosis in both animal models and in patients. In order to understand the mechanisms regulating bone cells and how this may be dysregulated in disease states, it is necessary to appreciate the diverse effects that cytokines and inflammation have on osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone mass. This chapter provides a broad overview of this topic with extensive references so that, if desired, readers can access specific references to delve into individual topics in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lorenzo
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Huang B, Wang J, Zhang X, Xie Z, Wu H, Liu J, Jie Z, Zhao X, Qin A, Fan S, Chen J, Zhao F. Administration of SB239063 Ameliorates Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss via Suppressing Osteoclastogenesis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:900. [PMID: 31474861 PMCID: PMC6704231 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of osteoclast formation and function is crucial for the development of osteolytic diseases such as osteoporosis. RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand) activates NF-κB (nuclear factor κB), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1) signaling pathways to induce osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we demonstrated that SB239063, a p38-specific inhibitor, suppressed osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via inhibiting phosphorylation of MEF2C (myocyte enhancer factor 2C) and subsequently leading to MEF2C degradation by ubiquitination. Knockdown of MEF2C impaired osteoclast formation due to decreased c-Fos expression. Furthermore, MEF2C can directly bind to the promoter region of c-Fos to initiate its transcription. Interestingly, overexpression of either MEF2C or c-Fos can partially rescue the inhibitory effect of SB239063 on osteoclastogenesis. In addition, in vivo data proved that SB239063 also played a preventive role in both LPS (lipopolysaccharide)- and OVX (ovariectomy)-induced bone loss in mice. In conclusion, our results show that SB239063 can be a potential therapy for osteolytic diseases, and a novel p38/MEF2C/c-Fos axis is essential for osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziang Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Jie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangde Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengdong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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