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Zhan X, Xiao Y, Jian Q, Dong Y, Ke C, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Tu J. Integrated analysis of metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling reveals the effect of Atractylodes oil on Spleen Yang Deficiency Syndrome in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117205. [PMID: 37741473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Spleen Yang Deficiency Syndrome (SYDS), which is a syndrome commonly treated with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), manifests as overall metabolic dysfunction caused mainly by digestive system disorders. Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (AL) is a widely used traditional herb with the efficacy of eliminate dampness and strengthen the spleen, Atractylodes oil (AO) is a medicinal component of AL and can be used to treat various gastrointestinal disorders. However, its effects on SYDS and underlying mechanisms have not been clarified to date. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of AO in the improvement of the symptoms of SYDS in rat and the underlying mechanism by integrating transcriptomics, and metabolomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SYDS rats induced by reserpine were treated with AO. The protective effect of AO on SYDS rats was evaluated by serum biochemical detection, histopathological analyses. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), colorimetric assay and immunofluorescence (IF) were performed to determine the levels of relevant indicators of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in the liver. Liver metabolites and transcript levels were assessed by non-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to analyze potential molecular mechanisms and targets. The expression of the corresponding proteins was verified using Western blotting. RESULTS AO not only regulated the digestion, absorption function and oxidative stress status of SYDS rats, but also improved mitochondrial function and alleviated energy metabolism disorders in SYDS rats. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that AO regulation is mainly exerted in amino acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, TCA cycle as well as PPAR and AMPK signaling pathways. In addition, The AMPK signaling pathway was verified and AO promoted AMPK phosphorylation and the expression of SIRT1, PGC-1α, and PPARα in SYDS rats. CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic effect of AO on SYDS is potentially attributable to activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway, which enhances transport and regulation of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yangxin Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Qipan Jian
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yan Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Chang Ke
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhongshi Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yanju Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Jiyuan Tu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Schurr A. How the 'Aerobic/Anaerobic Glycolysis' Meme Formed a 'Habit of Mind' Which Impedes Progress in the Field of Brain Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1433. [PMID: 38338711 PMCID: PMC10855259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The division of glycolysis into two separate pathways, aerobic and anaerobic, depending on the presence or absence of oxygen, respectively, was formulated over eight decades ago. The former ends with pyruvate, while the latter ends with lactate. Today, this division is confusing and misleading as research over the past 35 years clearly has demonstrated that glycolysis ends with lactate not only in cancerous cells but also in healthy tissues and cells. The present essay offers a review of the history of said division and the more recent knowledge that has been gained about glycolysis and its end-product, lactate. Then, it presents arguments in an attempt to explain why separating glycolysis into aerobic and anaerobic pathways persists among scientists, clinicians and teachers alike, despite convincing evidence that such division is not only wrong scientifically but also hinders progress in the field of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Schurr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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John S, Calmettes G, Xu S, Ribalet B. Real-time resolution studies of the regulation of pyruvate-dependent lactate metabolism by hexokinases in single cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286660. [PMID: 37917627 PMCID: PMC10621844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate is a mitochondrial substrate for many tissues including neuron, muscle, skeletal and cardiac, as well as many cancer cells, however little is known about the processes that regulate its utilization in mitochondria. Based on the close association of Hexokinases (HK) with mitochondria, and the known cardio-protective role of HK in cardiac muscle, we have investigated the regulation of lactate and pyruvate metabolism by hexokinases (HKs), utilizing wild-type HEK293 cells and HEK293 cells in which the endogenous HKI and/or HKII have been knocked down to enable overexpression of wild type and mutant HKs. To assess the real-time changes in intracellular lactate levels the cells were transfected with a lactate specific FRET probe. In the HKI/HKII double knockdown cells, addition of extracellular pyruvate caused a large and sustained decrease in lactate. This decrease was rapidly reversed upon inhibition of the malate aspartate shuttle by aminooxyacetate, or inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative respiration by NaCN. These results suggest that in the absence of HKs, pyruvate-dependent activation of the TCA cycle together with the malate aspartate shuttle facilitates lactate transformation into pyruvate and its utilization by mitochondria. With replacement by overexpression of HKI or HKII the cellular response to pyruvate and NaCN was modified. With either hexokinase present, both the decrease in lactate due to the addition of pyruvate and the increase following addition of NaCN were either transient or suppressed altogether. Blockage of the pentose phosphate pathway with the inhibitor 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), abolished the effects of HK replacement. These results suggest that blocking of the malate aspartate shuttle by HK may involve activation of the pentose phosphate pathway and increased NADPH production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott John
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Guillaume Calmettes
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Shili Xu
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) 2151, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Bernard Ribalet
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Tan L, She H, Zheng J, Peng X, Guo N, Zhang B, Sun Y, Ma C, Xu S, Bao D, Zhou Y, Li Q, Mao Q, Liu L, Hu Y, Li T. Effects of Malate Ringer's solution on myocardial injury in sepsis and enforcement effects of TPP@PAMAM-MR. J Transl Med 2022; 20:591. [PMID: 36514103 PMCID: PMC9746071 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial dysfunction played a vital role in organ damage after sepsis. Fluid resuscitation was the essential treatment in which Lactate Ringer's solution (LR) was commonly used. Since LR easily led to hyperlactatemia, its resuscitation effect was limited. Malate Ringer's solution (MR) was a new resuscitation crystal liquid. Whether MR had a protective effect on myocardial injury in sepsis and the relevant mechanism need to be studied. METHODS The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) inducing septic model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulating cardiomyocytes were used, and the cardiac function, the morphology and function of mitochondria were observed. The protective mechanism of MR on myocardial injury was explored by proteomics. Then the effects of TPP@PAMAM-MR, which consisted of the mitochondria- targeting polymer embodied malic acid, was further observed. RESULTS Compared with LR, MR resuscitation significantly prolonged survival time, improved the cardiac function, alleviated the damages of liver, kidney and lung following sepsis in rats. The proteomics of myocardial tissue showed that differently expressed proteins between MR and LR infusion involved oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis. Further study found that MR decreased ROS, improved the mitochondrial morphology and function, and ultimately enhanced mitochondrial respiration and promoted ATP production. Moreover, MR infusion decreased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and increased the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. TPP@PAMAM@MA was a polymer formed by wrapping L-malic acid with poly amido amine (PAMAM) modified triphenylphosphine material. TPP@PAMAM-MR (TPP-MR), which was synthesized by replacing the L-malic acid of MR with TPP@PAMAM@MA, was more efficient in targeting myocardial mitochondria and was superior to MR in protecting the sepsis-inducing myocardial injury. CONCLUSION MR was suitable for protecting myocardial injury after sepsis. The mechanism was related to MR improving the function and morphology of cardiomyocyte mitochondria and inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The protective effect of TPP-MR was superior to MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720Department of Anesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China ,grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Han She
- grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720Department of Anesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China ,grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Jie Zheng
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Xiaoyong Peng
- grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Ningke Guo
- grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Bindan Zhang
- grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720Department of Anesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Yue Sun
- grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720Department of Anesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Chunhua Ma
- grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Shenglian Xu
- grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720Department of Anesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Daiqin Bao
- grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720Department of Anesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Yuanqun Zhou
- grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Qinghui Li
- grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Qingxiang Mao
- grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720Department of Anesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Liangming Liu
- grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Yi Hu
- grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720Department of Anesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Tao Li
- grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
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Zhao S, Guo J, Xue H, Meng J, Xie D, Liu X, Yu Q, Zhong H, Jiang P. Systematic impacts of fluoride exposure on the metabolomics of rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113888. [PMID: 35872488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is widely present in the environment. Excessive fluoride exposure leads to fluorosis, which has become a global public health problem and will cause damage to various organs and tissues. Only a few studies focus on serum metabolomics, and there is still a lack of systematic metabolomics associated with fluorosis within the main organs. Therefore, in the current study, a non-targeted metabolomics method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to research the effects of fluoride exposure on metabolites in different organs, to uncover potential biomarkers and study whether the affected metabolic pathways are related to the mechanism of fluorosis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and a fluoride exposure group. GC-MS technology was used to identify metabolites. Multivariate statistical analysis identified 16, 24, 20, 20, 24, 13, 7, and 13 differential metabolites in the serum, liver, kidney, heart, hippocampus, cortex, kidney fat, and brown fat, respectively, in the two groups of rats. Fifteen metabolic pathways were affected, involving toxic mechanisms such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and fatty acid, amino acid and energy metabolism disorders. This study provides a new perspective on the understanding of the mechanism of toxicity associated with sodium fluoride, contributing to the prevention and treatment of fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Zhao
- Translational pharmaceutical laboratory of Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
| | - Jinxiu Guo
- Translational pharmaceutical laboratory of Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
| | - Hongjia Xue
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Junjun Meng
- Translational pharmaceutical laboratory of Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
| | - Dadi Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China.
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen 041000, China.
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Department of Oncology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Haitao Zhong
- Translational pharmaceutical laboratory of Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational pharmaceutical laboratory of Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
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马 媛, 张 玥, 李 蕊, 邓 书, 秦 秋, 朱 鏐. [Characteristics of amino acid metabolism in myeloid-derived suppressor cells in septic mice]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 54:532-540. [PMID: 35701132 PMCID: PMC9197707 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2022.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the amino acid metabolomics characteristics of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in mice with sepsis induced by the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). METHODS The sepsis mouse model was prepared by CLP, and the mice were randomly divided into a sham operation group (sham group, n = 10) and a CLP model group (n = 10). On the 7th day after the operation, 5 mice were randomly selected from the surviving mice in each group, and the bone marrow MDSCs of the mice were isolated. Bone marrow MDSCs were separated to measure the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) by using Agilent Seahorse XF technology and to detect the contents of intracellular amino acids and oligopeptides through ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) technology. Different metabolites and potential biomarkers were analyzed by univariate statistical analysis and multivariate statistical analysis. The major metabolic pathways were enriched using the small molecular pathway database (SMPDB). RESULTS The proportion of MDSCs in the bone marrow of CLP group mice (75.53% ± 6.02%) was significantly greater than that of the sham group (43.15%± 7.42%, t = 7.582, P < 0.001), and the basal respiratory rate [(50.03±1.20) pmol/min], maximum respiration rate [(78.07±2.57) pmol/min] and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production [(25.30±1.21) pmol/min] of MDSCs in the bone marrow of CLP group mice were significantly greater than the basal respiration rate [(34.53±0.96) pmol/min, (t = 17.41, P < 0.001)], maximum respiration rate [(42.57±1.87) pmol/min, (t = 19.33, P < 0.001)], and ATP production [(12.63±0.96) pmol/min, (t = 14.18, P < 0.001)] of sham group. Leucine, threonine, glycine, etc. were potential biomarkers of septic MDSCs (all P < 0.05). The increased amino acids were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, such as malate-aspartate shuttle, ammonia recovery, alanine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism, urea cycle, glycine and serine metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, glutamate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism. CONCLUSION The enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, malate-aspartate shuttle and alanine metabolism in MDSCs of CLP mice may provide raw materials for mitochondrial aerobic respiration, thereby promoting the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs. Blocking the above metabolic pathways may reduce the risk of secondary infection in sepsis and improve the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- 媛 马
- 北京大学地坛医院教学医院传染病研究所,北京 100015Institute of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China
| | - 玥 张
- 首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院传染病研究所,北京 100015Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
- 新发突发传染病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100015Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - 蕊 李
- 首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院传染病研究所,北京 100015Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
- 新发突发传染病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100015Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - 书伟 邓
- 首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院传染病研究所,北京 100015Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
- 新发突发传染病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100015Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - 秋实 秦
- 北京大学地坛医院教学医院传染病研究所,北京 100015Institute of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China
| | - 鏐娈 朱
- 北京大学地坛医院教学医院传染病研究所,北京 100015Institute of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China
- 首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院传染病研究所,北京 100015Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
- 新发突发传染病研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100015Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
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Passarella S, Schurr A, Portincasa P. Mitochondrial Transport in Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis: Achievements and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312620. [PMID: 34884425 PMCID: PMC8657705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Some metabolic pathways involve two different cell components, for instance, cytosol and mitochondria, with metabolites traffic occurring from cytosol to mitochondria and vice versa, as seen in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. However, the knowledge on the role of mitochondrial transport within these two glucose metabolic pathways remains poorly understood, due to controversial information available in published literature. In what follows, we discuss achievements, knowledge gaps, and perspectives on the role of mitochondrial transport in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. We firstly describe the experimental approaches for quick and easy investigation of mitochondrial transport, with respect to cell metabolic diversity. In addition, we depict the mitochondrial shuttles by which NADH formed in glycolysis is oxidized, the mitochondrial transport of phosphoenolpyruvate in the light of the occurrence of the mitochondrial pyruvate kinase, and the mitochondrial transport and metabolism of L-lactate due to the L-lactate translocators and to the mitochondrial L-lactate dehydrogenase located in the inner mitochondrial compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Passarella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3293606374
| | - Avital Schurr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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8
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Schmidt CA, Fisher-Wellman KH, Neufer PD. From OCR and ECAR to energy: Perspectives on the design and interpretation of bioenergetics studies. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101140. [PMID: 34461088 PMCID: PMC8479256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological energy transduction underlies all physiological phenomena in cells. The metabolic systems that support energy transduction have been of great interest due to their association with numerous pathologies including diabetes, cancer, rare genetic diseases, and aberrant cell death. Commercially available bioenergetics technologies (e.g., extracellular flux analysis, high-resolution respirometry, fluorescent dye kits, etc.) have made practical assessment of metabolic parameters widely accessible. This has facilitated an explosion in the number of studies exploring, in particular, the biological implications of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and substrate level phosphorylation via glycolysis (i.e., via extracellular acidification rate (ECAR)). Though these technologies have demonstrated substantial utility and broad applicability to cell biology research, they are also susceptible to historical assumptions, experimental limitations, and other caveats that have led to premature and/or erroneous interpretations. This review enumerates various important considerations for designing and interpreting cellular and mitochondrial bioenergetics experiments, some common challenges and pitfalls in data interpretation, and some potential "next steps" to be taken that can address these highlighted challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron A Schmidt
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Departments of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Departments of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Departments of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
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Jiang CH, Lin PF, Chen FC, Chen JY, Xie WJ, Li M, Hu XJ, Chen WL, Cheng Y, Lin XX. Metabolic Profiling Revealed Prediction Biomarkers for Infantile Hemangioma in Umbilical Cord Blood Sera: A Prospective Study. J Proteome Res 2021; 21:822-832. [PMID: 34319108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma (IH), the most common benign tumor in infancy, mostly arises and has rapid growth before 3 months of age. Because irreversible skin changes occur in the early proliferative stage, early medical treatment is essential to reduce the permanent sequelae caused by IH. Yet there are still no early screening biomarkers for IH before its visible emergence. This study aimed to explore prediction biomarkers using noninvasive umbilical cord blood (UCB). A prospective study of the metabolic profiling approach was performed on UCB sera from 28 infants with IH and 132 matched healthy controls from a UCB population comprising over 1500 infants (PeptideAtlas: PASS01675) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The metabolic profiling results exhibited the characteristic metabolic aberrance of IH. Machine learning suggested a panel of biomarkers to predict the occurrence of IH, with the area under curve (AUC) values in the receiver operating characteristic analysis all >0.943. Phenylacetic acid had potential to predict infants with large IH (diameter >2 cm) from those with small IH (diameter <2 cm), with an AUC of 0.756. The novel biomarkers in noninvasive UCB sera for predicting IH before its emergence might lead to a revolutionary clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hong Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 35001, China.,Tissue and Organ Regeneration Engineering Center of Fujian Higher Education, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Peng-Fei Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Fa-Chun Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jia-Yao Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 51000, China
| | - Wen-Jun Xie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Hu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200010, China
| | - Wen-Lian Chen
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200010, China
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10
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Miallot R, Galland F, Millet V, Blay JY, Naquet P. Metabolic landscapes in sarcomas. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:114. [PMID: 34294128 PMCID: PMC8296645 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring offers novel therapeutic opportunities in cancer. Until recently, there was scant information regarding soft tissue sarcomas, due to their heterogeneous tissue origin, histological definition and underlying genetic history. Novel large-scale genomic and metabolomics approaches are now helping stratify their physiopathology. In this review, we show how various genetic alterations skew activation pathways and orient metabolic rewiring in sarcomas. We provide an update on the contribution of newly described mechanisms of metabolic regulation. We underscore mechanisms that are relevant to sarcomagenesis or shared with other cancers. We then discuss how diverse metabolic landscapes condition the tumor microenvironment, anti-sarcoma immune responses and prognosis. Finally, we review current attempts to control sarcoma growth using metabolite-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Miallot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
| | - Franck Galland
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Millet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 1, Lyon Recherche Innovation contre le Cancer, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Naquet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
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11
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Wang L, Zhu T, Xu HB, Pu XP, Zhao X, Tian F, Ding T, Sun GB, Sun XB. Effects of notoginseng leaf triterpenes on small molecule metabolism after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury assessed using MALDI-MS imaging. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:246. [PMID: 33708873 PMCID: PMC7940900 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Notoginseng leaf triterpenes (PNGL) is believed to have neuroprotective effects via the inhibition of inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis. However, its mechanisms underlying the anti-ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury effects on the regulation of small molecule metabolism in rat brain remains unclear. The purpose of this study was thus to explore the mechanisms of PNGL on the regulation of small molecule metabolism in rat brain after I/R injury using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). Methods As a model of in vivo cerebral I/R injury, male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were established with a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model after PNGL administration with 40 mg·kg-1 through intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) for 7 days. We assessed the neurological behavior, regional cerebral blood flow (r CBF), neuron injury, and spatial distribution of metabolic small molecules. Results Our in vivo results suggested that PNGL increased cerebral blood flow and relieved neurological dysfunction. Furthermore, using MALDI-MSI, we demonstrated that PNGL regulated 16 endogenous small molecules implicated in metabolic networks including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism, malate-aspartate shuttle, metal ions, and antioxidants underwent noticeable changes after reperfusion for 24 h. Conclusions PNGL is a novel cerebrovascular agent that can improve cerebral blood flow and attenuate adverse neurological disorders. The mechanisms are closely correlated with relative metabolic pathways, which offers insight into exploring new mechanisms in PNGL for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Bo Xu
- Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Pu
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Tian
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Gui-Bo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Glancy B, Kane DA, Kavazis AN, Goodwin ML, Willis WT, Gladden LB. Mitochondrial lactate metabolism: history and implications for exercise and disease. J Physiol 2021; 599:863-888. [PMID: 32358865 PMCID: PMC8439166 DOI: 10.1113/jp278930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial structures were probably observed microscopically in the 1840s, but the idea of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) within mitochondria did not appear until the 1930s. The foundation for research into energetics arose from Meyerhof's experiments on oxidation of lactate in isolated muscles recovering from electrical contractions in an O2 atmosphere. Today, we know that mitochondria are actually reticula and that the energy released from electron pairs being passed along the electron transport chain from NADH to O2 generates a membrane potential and pH gradient of protons that can enter the molecular machine of ATP synthase to resynthesize ATP. Lactate stands at the crossroads of glycolytic and oxidative energy metabolism. Based on reported research and our own modelling in silico, we contend that lactate is not directly oxidized in the mitochondrial matrix. Instead, the interim glycolytic products (pyruvate and NADH) are held in cytosolic equilibrium with the products of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reaction and the intermediates of the malate-aspartate and glycerol 3-phosphate shuttles. This equilibrium supplies the glycolytic products to the mitochondrial matrix for OXPHOS. LDH in the mitochondrial matrix is not compatible with the cytoplasmic/matrix redox gradient; its presence would drain matrix reducing power and substantially dissipate the proton motive force. OXPHOS requires O2 as the final electron acceptor, but O2 supply is sufficient in most situations, including exercise and often acute illness. Recent studies suggest that atmospheric normoxia may constitute a cellular hyperoxia in mitochondrial disease. As research proceeds appropriate oxygenation levels should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Daniel A. Kane
- Department of Human Kinetics, St. Francis Xavier University, NS B2G 2W5, Antigonish, Canada
| | | | - Matthew L. Goodwin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wayne T. Willis
- College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5099, USA
| | - L. Bruce Gladden
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5323, USA
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13
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Charles C, Cohen-Erez I, Kazaoka B, Melnikov O, Stein DE, Sensenig R, Rapaport H, Orynbayeva Z. Mitochondrial responses to organelle-specific drug delivering nanoparticles composed of polypeptide and peptide complexes. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2917-2932. [PMID: 33241963 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The mechanistic study of the drug carrier-target interactions of mitochondria-unique nanoparticles composed of polypeptide-peptide complexes (mPoP-NPs). Materials & methods: The isolated organelles were employed to address the direct effects of mPoP-NPs on dynamic structure and functional wellbeing of mitochondria. Mitochondria morphology, respiration, membrane potential, reactive oxygen species generation, were examined by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and oxygraphy. Lonidamine-encapsulated formulation was assessed to evaluate the drug delivery capacity of the naive nanoparticles. Results: The mPoP-NPs do not alter mitochondria structure and performance upon docking to organelles, while successfully delivering drug that causes organelle dysfunction. Conclusion: The study gives insight into interactions of mPoP-NPs with mitochondria and provides substantial support for consideration of designed nanoparticles as biocompatible and efficient mitochondria-targeted platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carleigh Charles
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Ifat Cohen-Erez
- Avram & Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering & Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscience & technology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Blake Kazaoka
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Olga Melnikov
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - David E Stein
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Richard Sensenig
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Hanna Rapaport
- Avram & Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering & Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscience & technology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Zulfiya Orynbayeva
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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14
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Zichri SB, Kolusheva S, Shames AI, Schneiderman EA, Poggio JL, Stein DE, Doubijensky E, Levy D, Orynbayeva Z, Jelinek R. Mitochondria membrane transformations in colon and prostate cancer and their biological implications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183471. [PMID: 32931774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as important determinants in cancer progression and malignancy. However, the role of mitochondrial membranes in cancer onset and progression has not been thoroughly investigated. This study compares the structural and functional properties of mitochondrial membranes in prostate and colon cancer cells in comparison to normal mitochondria, and possible therapeutic implications of these membrane changes. Specifically, isolation of cell mitochondria and preparation of inverted sub-mitochondrial particles (SMPs) illuminated significant cancer-induced modulations of membrane lipid compositions, fluidity, and activity of cytochrome c oxidase, one of the key mitochondrial enzymes. The experimental data further show that cancer-associated membrane transformations may account for mitochondria targeting by betulinic acid and resveratrol, known anti-cancer molecules. Overall, this study probes the relationship between cancer and mitochondrial membrane transformations, underlying a potential therapeutic significance for mitochondrial membrane targeting in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Ben Zichri
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Sofiya Kolusheva
- Ilze Katz Center for Nanotechnology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | - Elina Abaev Schneiderman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty for Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Juan L Poggio
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - David E Stein
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Elena Doubijensky
- Ilze Katz Center for Nanotechnology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Dan Levy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty for Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Zulfiya Orynbayeva
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; Ilze Katz Center for Nanotechnology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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15
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Metabolic Reprogramming in Metastatic Melanoma with Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapies: Integrative Metabolomic and Proteomic Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051323. [PMID: 32455924 PMCID: PMC7280989 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatments of metastatic melanoma underwent an impressive development over the past few years, with the emergence of small molecule inhibitors targeting mutated proteins, such as BRAF, NRAS, or cKIT. However, since a significant proportion of patients acquire resistance to these therapies, new strategies are currently being considered to overcome this issue. For this purpose, melanoma cell lines with mutant BRAF, NRAS, or cKIT and with acquired resistances to BRAF, MEK, or cKIT inhibitors, respectively, were investigated using both 1H-NMR-based metabonomic and protein microarrays. The 1H-NMR profiles highlighted a similar go and return pattern in the metabolism of the BRAF, NRAS, and cKIT mutated cell lines. Indeed, melanoma cells exposed to mutation-specific inhibitors underwent metabolic disruptions following acute exposure but partially recovered their basal metabolism in long-term exposure, most likely acquiring resistance skills. The protein microarrays inquired about the potential cellular mechanisms used by the resistant cells to escape drug treatment, by showing decreased levels of proteins linked to the drug efficacy, especially in the downstream part of the MAPK signaling pathway. Integrating metabonomic and proteomic findings revealed some metabolic pathways (i.e., glutaminolysis, choline metabolism, glutathione production, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation) and key proteins (i.e., EPHA2, DUSP4, and HIF-1A) as potential targets to discard drug resistance.
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16
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Yang H, Du L, Zhang Z. Potential biomarkers in septic shock besides lactate. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1066-1072. [PMID: 32276542 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220919076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Elevated lactate has been commonly considered as a biomarker and a useful prognostic tool for resuscitation in septic shock, facilitating physician more rapid intervention and treatment. However, it can be initiated by hypoxia, but persistent hyperlactatemia may not represent persistent hypoxia only. In the article, it is the first time to review potential biomarkers in septic shock from the point of view of energy metabolism including intermediates of TCA cycle, MAS, the NAD+/NADH ratio, NAD+, NADH, malate, and MDH. And the combination of lactate and MDH is also proposed in septic shock for the first time, as MDH in cytoplasm and mitochondria participates in both MAS and TCA cycle for ATP generation. Its feasibility in clinic has been analyzed at the end, although related research is still limited. It is reasonable the combination of lactate and MDH will be more comprehensive to reflex hypoxia in septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Linlin Du
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zhaocai Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
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