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Chen Z, Zhao C, Liu P, Huang H, Zhang S, Wang X. Anti-Apoptosis and Autophagy Effects of Melatonin Protect Rat Chondrocytes against Oxidative Stress via Regulation of AMPK/Foxo3 Pathways. Cartilage 2021; 13:1041S-1053S. [PMID: 34775836 PMCID: PMC8804746 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211038748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emerging evidence has indicated that excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) have detrimental effects on osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to elucidate the effects of melatonin (MT), an antioxidant indolamine secreted from the pineal gland, on chondrocyte senescence and cartilage degeneration, thereby clarifying the underlying mechanisms of ROS-induced OA pathogenesis. DESIGN Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to induce oxidative stress in rat chondrocytes. ROS levels were evaluated using cytometry and immunofluorescence. Cell viability was detected using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Western blotting and qPCR (Quantiative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) were used to examine apoptosis and autophagy. For in vivo experiments, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group, DMM (destabilization of the medial meniscus) surgery group, and surgery groups that received melatonin. Knee joints were collected and stained for histological analysis. RESULTS The data demonstrated that melatonin treatment significantly suppressed H2O2-induced matrix degradation and apoptosis, and maintained mitochondrial redox homeostasis. In addition, an enhancement of autophagic flux was observed through western blotting. These findings corresponded with activation of the AMPK/Foxo3 signaling pathways upon melatonin treatment. Histological staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs also demonstrated that melatonin alleviated cartilage ossification and chondrocyte hypertrophy in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that melatonin protected chondrocytes via mitochondrial redox homeostasis and autophagy. The effects of melatonin on senescence may apply to other age-related diseases. Thus, melatonin may have multiple potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic
Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic
Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic
Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Haohan Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic
Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic
Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of
China,Xiaoqing Wang, Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s
Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju
Road, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic
Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of
China,Shuhong Zhang, Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s
Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju
Road, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China.
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