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Fan M, Chan AYL, Yan VKC, Tong X, Lau LKW, Wan EYF, Tam EYT, Ip P, Lum TY, Wong ICK, Li X. Postmarketing safety of orphan drugs: a longitudinal analysis of the US Food and Drug Administration database between 1999 and 2018. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:3. [PMID: 34983612 PMCID: PMC8728968 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Information about the specific regulatory environment of orphan drugs is scarce and inconsistent. Uncertainties surrounding the postmarketing long-term safety of orphan drugs remain. This study aimed to evaluate the labelling changes of orphan drugs and to identify postmarketing safety-associated approval factors.
Methods This retrospective cohort study includes all drugs with orphan drug designation approved by the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research of the US Food and Drug Administration between 1999 and 2018. Main outcomes are safety-related labelling changes up to 31 December 2019. We defined any safety-related labelling changes as postmarketing safety events (PMSE). Safety-related withdrawals, suspensions, and boxed warnings were further categorised as severe postmarketing safety events (SPSE). Outcome measurements include frequencies of PMSE, SPSE, and association between approval factors and the occurrence of safety events. Results Amongst the 214 drugs identified with orphan drug designation (25.7% biologics), 83.6% were approved through at least one expedited programme, and 29.4% were approved with boxed warnings. During a median follow-up of 6.74 years since approval, 69.2% and 14.5% of the analysed orphan drugs had PMSE and SPSE, respectively. Safety-related withdrawal (0%, 0/214), suspended marketing (0.46%, 1/214) and new boxed warnings are uncommon (3.7%, 8/214). The safety-related labelling changes were more frequent in the drugs approved with boxed warnings [Incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.95 (1.02–3.73)] and approved for long-term use [IRR: 2.76 (1.52–5.00)]. Conclusions and Relevance In this long-term postmarketing analysis, approximately 70% of FDA-approved orphan drugs had safety-related labelling changes although severe safety events were rare. While maintaining early access to orphan drugs, the drug regulatory body has taken timely regulatory action with postmarketing surveillance to ensure patient safety. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-02166-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-59, 2/F, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Adrienne Y L Chan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-59, 2/F, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.,Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Unit of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent K C Yan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-59, 2/F, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Xinning Tong
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Lauren K W Lau
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-59, 2/F, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Eric Y F Wan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-59, 2/F, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Eliza Y T Tam
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-59, 2/F, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Terry Y Lum
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ian C K Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-59, 2/F, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.,Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - X Li
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-59, 2/F, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. .,Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong. .,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Ferreira VC, Ferreira GC, Baldoni AO. Thirteen years of medication alerts issued by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA): What is the profile? J Eval Clin Pract 2020; 26:957-961. [PMID: 31290584 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES As a pharmacovigilance measure, the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) monitors the postmarketing events of medication and issues alerts on actions to be taken and information updates. The present study has the objective of analysing the profile of all the alerts on medication issued by ANVISA between 2006 and 2018. METHODS A descriptive documentary analysis was carried out through the ANVISA website and double checked with two researchers in order to avoid discrepancies in data collection and interpretation of information. RESULTS A total of 79 alerts available in the period were analysed, the mean being 6.07 alerts/year and standard deviation of 3.81. The medications most cited in the alerts were antivirals (9.7%), followed by antidiabetics (7.3%) and contraceptives (7.3%). The main problems identified were adverse reactions (50%) and other problems related to safety (15%). The main actions directed by ANVISA were generation of a new contraindication (37.3%) and alteration in the package insert (22.3%). CONCLUSION Alerts are an important means of communicating new information to health professionals and to society. However, they need better standardization in order to facilitate understanding, dissemination in order to broaden access to information, and studies to corroborate the current literature and improve current pharmacovigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Costa Ferreira
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu (CCO), Federal University of São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Ferreira
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu (CCO), Federal University of São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - André Oliveira Baldoni
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu (CCO), Federal University of São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Brazil
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Castro JCDSXE, Botelho SF, Machado TRL, Martins MAP, Vieira LB, Reis AMM. Suitability of new drugs registered in Brazil from 2003 to 2013 for pediatric age groups. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2018; 16:eAO4354. [PMID: 30427486 PMCID: PMC6223947 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2018ao4354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze suitability of new drugs registered in Brazil from 2003 to 2013 for pediatric age groups. Methods A descriptive study of drugs with pediatric indication included in a retrospective cohort of new drugs registered in Brazil. The evaluation of drug suitability for the pediatric age group was performed using the following criteria: suitability of dosage form and capacity to deliver the recommended dose. The drugs were considered adequate for the pediatric age groups when they met both criteria. The statistical analysis included calculation of frequencies and proportions. Results Suitability due to the drug capacity to deliver the recommended dose was greater than 80% across all age groups. Regarding suitability of the dosage form, we identified that the older the age group, the greater suitability for pediatric use. Concerning the drugs presented in solid dosage form, we showed that half were classified as inadequate for one or more pediatric age groups to whom they were indicated. The adequacy of drugs to the pediatric age group was 64.3% for preschool children, 66.7% for full-term newborns, 66.7% for premature newborns, and over 70% for other age groups. Conclusion Drugs for children aged under 6 years were less often adequate, considering the dosage form and capacity to provide the recommended dose. The availability and proportional suitability of medicines for pediatric use are greater for older age groups, according to age groups the drug is registered for.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liliana Batista Vieira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
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