Freezing of zona-free mouse embryos: characteristics of the plasma membrane and subsequent development of the embryos

Characteristics of actin fibers and ultrastructure of the contact regions involved in the separation of blastomeres of two-cell mouse embryos, frozen-thawed without the zona pellucida

Freezing of embryos deprived of the zona pellucida (ZP) decreases their survival rate immediately after thawing, and gives rise to the separation of their blastomeres in a high percentage of cases. We have studied the ultrastructure and the characteristics of actin fibers in the cell-to-cell contact region in mouse embryos frozen-thawed without the ZP at the two-cell stage. Our results indicate that most of the embryos that retain their blastomeres united after freezing and thawing show either the presence of a midbody, or a contact region with a close apposition of the plasma membranes but without an organized actin cortex in their contact region. Only a small percentage of embryos that retain their blastomeres united after freezing and thawing show a contact region with widely separated plasma membranes and an organized actin cytocortex.