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Jing L, Wang W, Zhang S, Xie M, Tian D, Luo X, Wang D, Ning Q, Lü J, Wang W. Targeted inhibitory effect of Lenti-SM22alpha-p27-EGFP recombinant lentiviral vectors on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells without compromising re-endothelialization in a rat carotid artery balloon injury model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118826. [PMID: 25760326 PMCID: PMC4356572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In-stent restenosis remains a serious problem after the implantation of drug-eluting stents, which is attributable to neointima formation and re-endothelialization. Here, we tried to find a new method which aims at selectively inhibiting proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) proliferation without inhibition of re-endothelialization. METHODS AND RESULTS We used the smooth muscle-specific SM22alpha promoter in a recombinant lentiviral vector to drive overexpression of cell-cycle inhibitor, p27, in VSMCs. p27 effectively inhibited VSMC proliferation mediated by cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 checkpoint. The SM22alpha-p27 lentiviral vector inhibited VSMC proliferation more effectively than paclitaxel. Rats infected with Lenti-SM22alpha-p27 had a significantly lower intima/media (I/M) ratio and also showed inhibition of restenosis on day 28 after balloon injury. Moreover, the repair of injured endothelium, and re-endothelialization of the carotid artery wall, was not affected by the smooth muscle cell-specific expression of p27. CONCLUSION A recombinant lentiviral vector carrying the SM22alpha promoter was used to effectively infect and selectively overexpress p27 protein in VSMCs, leading to inhibition of intimal hyperplasia without compromising endothelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jing
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Minjie Xie
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Daishi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Luo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Daowen Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jiagao Lü
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (JL)
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (WW); (JL)
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Kuehnl A, Pelisek J, Bruckmeier M, Safi W, Eckstein HH. Comparative measurement of CNP and NT-proCNP in human blood samples: a methodological evaluation. J Negat Results Biomed 2013; 12:7. [PMID: 23547980 PMCID: PMC3621618 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5751-12-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) has anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory properties. During the past years, CNP has attained an increasing interest by many research groups, especially in the cardiovascular field. Nevertheless, still no reliable data exist on the difference of CNP concentration between serum and plasma samples. Also, the influence of delayed blood sample proceeding is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of CNP and NT-proCNP concentrations between serum and plasma samples. In order to identify potential methodological bias, this study should also validate the stability of CNP and NT-proCNP in full blood samples stored at room temperature. Findings Triplets (serum, plasma, full blood) of fasting blood samples from 12 healthy male individuals were collected. Analysis of CNP and NT-proCNP concentration was performed immediately following sampling, and after 30 minutes or 2 hours of storage at room temperature. Mean serum concentrations at baseline were 0.997 ± 0.379 ng/ml for CNP and 58.5 ± 28.3 pg/ml for NT-proCNP. Furthermore, NT-proCNP concentration did not change significantly during the allotted time and did not differ between serum, plasma, and full blood samples. At baseline, concentrations of CNP were significantly different between samples containing either sodium-citrate or EDTA as a clotting inhibitor (1.933 ± 0.699 ng/ml vs. 0.991 ± 0.489 ng/ml, p = 0.001). Conclusions CNP and NT-proCNP are stable for at least two hours, even when sample processing is delayed or blood probes are stored at room temperature. NT-proCNP assay demonstrated more consistent and reliable data and should therefore be preferred for usage in clinical applications. Nevertheless, as recommended for ANP and BNP, immunoassays for CNP should also be standardized or harmonized in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kuehnl
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Nazneen F, Herzog G, Arrigan DW, Caplice N, Benvenuto P, Galvin P, Thompson M. Surface chemical and physical modification in stent technology for the treatment of coronary artery disease. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:1989-2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Larifla L, Déprez I, Pham I, Rideau D, Louzier V, Adam M, Eloit M, Foucan L, Adnot S, Teiger E. Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in vitro and neointimal hyperplasia in vivo by adenoviral-mediated atrial natriuretic peptide delivery. J Gene Med 2012; 14:459-67. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Larifla
- Groupe Epidémiologie Clinique et Médecine; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane; Guadeloupe; France
| | - Isabelle Déprez
- Département de Physiologie et INSERM U492; Faculté de médecine, CHU Henri-Mondor; Créteil; France
| | - Isabelle Pham
- Département de Physiologie et INSERM U492; Faculté de médecine, CHU Henri-Mondor; Créteil; France
| | - Dominique Rideau
- Département de Physiologie et INSERM U492; Faculté de médecine, CHU Henri-Mondor; Créteil; France
| | - Vanessa Louzier
- Département de Physiologie et INSERM U492; Faculté de médecine, CHU Henri-Mondor; Créteil; France
| | - Micheline Adam
- URA INRA de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Génétique Virale; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Maisons-Alfort; France
| | - Marc Eloit
- URA INRA de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Génétique Virale; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Maisons-Alfort; France
| | - Lydia Foucan
- Groupe Epidémiologie Clinique et Médecine; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane; Guadeloupe; France
| | - Serge Adnot
- Département de Physiologie et INSERM U492; Faculté de médecine, CHU Henri-Mondor; Créteil; France
| | - Emmanuel Teiger
- Département de Physiologie et INSERM U492; Faculté de médecine, CHU Henri-Mondor; Créteil; France
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Khambata RS, Panayiotou CM, Hobbs AJ. Natriuretic peptide receptor-3 underpins the disparate regulation of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by C-type natriuretic peptide. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:584-97. [PMID: 21457229 PMCID: PMC3178781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01400.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an endothelium-derived vasorelaxant, exerting anti-atherogenic actions in the vasculature and salvaging the myocardium from ischaemic injury. The cytoprotective effects of CNP are mediated in part via the Gi-coupled natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)3. As GPCRs are well-known to control cell proliferation, we investigated if NPR3 activation underlies effects of CNP on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell mitogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RAoSMC) and endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells from NPR3 knockout (KO) mice was investigated in vitro. KEY RESULTS CNP (1 pM–1 µM) facilitated HUVEC proliferation and inhibited RAoSMC growth concentration-dependently. The pro- and anti-mitogenic effects of CNP were blocked by the NPR3 antagonist M372049 (10 µM) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 inhibitor PD98059 (30 µM) and were absent in cells from NPR3 KO mice. Activation of ERK 1/2 by CNP was inhibited by Pertussis toxin (100 ng·mL−1) and M372049 (10 µM). In HUVEC, ERK 1/2 activation enhanced expression of the cell cycle promoter, cyclin D1, whereas in RAoSMC, ERK 1/2 activation increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A facet of the vasoprotective profile of CNP is mediated via NPR3-dependent ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, resulting in augmented endothelial cell proliferation and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle growth. This pathway may offer an innovative approach to reversing the endothelial damage and vascular smooth muscle hyperplasia that characterize many vascular disorders.
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C-type natriuretic peptide and its receptors in atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid artery of clinically asymptomatic patients. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2012; 43:649-54. [PMID: 22421372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) has anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-migratory properties. No data exist on the presence of CNP in human atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid artery. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse qualitatively the distribution pattern and characteristics of CNP and its receptors in both, early and advanced human carotid plaques, as well as in stable and unstable lesions. In addition, the aim of this study was to evaluate CNP and its receptors as possible biomarkers to predict plaque stability in advanced lesions. METHODS Advanced carotid artery plaques of 40 asymptomatic patients (20 histologically stable and 20 histologically unstable) and early arteriosclerotic lesions of three patients were analysed. RESULTS Serum level of CNP was similar in patients with stable and unstable plaques (196 ± 19 pg ml(-1) vs. 198 ± 25 pg ml(-1), p = 0.948). Expression level of natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (NPR3) was significantly higher in unstable plaques compared to stable plaques (5.6 ± 1.8% vs. 1.7 ± 0.5%, p = 0.045). Expression levels of CNP and NPR2 were higher in unstable plaques but the differences were not statistically significant. The distribution pattern of CNP, NPR2 and NPR3 varied qualitatively between early and advanced carotid plaques. No relevant histological differences were observed with respect to plaque stability. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the presence of CNP and its receptors in atherosclerotic plaques of human carotid artery, with increased expression of NPR3 in histologically unstable plaques. In this study, serum CNP was not associated with histological plaque stability. In future, larger studies are required to further evaluate whether proteins of the CNP axis would be useful as biomarkers.
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Lu J, Rao MP, MacDonald NC, Khang D, Webster TJ. Improved endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation on patterned titanium surfaces with rationally designed, micrometer to nanometer features. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:192-201. [PMID: 17851147 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated increased vascular endothelial cell adhesion on random nanostructured titanium (Ti) surfaces compared with conventional (or nanometer smooth) Ti surfaces. These results indicated for the first time the potential nanophase metals have for improving vascular stent efficacy. However, considering the structural properties of the endothelium, which is composed of elongated vascular endothelial cells aligned with the direction of blood flow, it has been speculated that rationally designed, patterned nano-Ti surface features could further enhance endothelial cell functions by promoting a more native cellular morphology. To this end, patterned Ti surfaces consisting of periodic arrays of grooves with spacings ranging from 750 nm to 100 microm have been successfully fabricated in the present study by utilizing a novel plasma-based dry etching technique that enables machining of Ti with unprecedented resolution. In vitro rat aortic endothelial cell adhesion and growth assays performed on these substrates demonstrated enhanced endothelial cell coverage on nanometer-scale Ti patterns compared with larger micrometer-scale Ti patterns, as well as controls consisting of random nanostructured surface features. Furthermore, nanometer-patterned Ti surfaces induced endothelial cell alignment similar to the natural endothelium. Since the re-establishment of the endothelium on vascular stent surfaces is critical for stent success, the present study suggests that nanometer to submicrometer patterned Ti surface features should be further investigated for improving vascular stent efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Division of Engineering and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Natriuretic peptides in vascular physiology and pathology. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 268:59-93. [PMID: 18703404 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)00803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Four major natriuretic peptides have been isolated: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), and Dendroaspis-type natriuretic peptide (DNP). Natriuretic peptides play an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis maintaining blood pressure and extracellular fluid volume. The classical endocrine effects of natriuretic peptides to modulate fluid and electrolyte balance and vascular smooth muscle tone are complemented by autocrine and paracrine actions that include regulation of coronary blood flow and, therefore, myocardial perfusion; modulation of proliferative responses during myocardial and vascular remodeling; and cytoprotective anti-ischemic effects. The actions of natriuretic peptides are mediated by the specific binding of these peptides to three cell surface receptors: type A natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-A), type B natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-B), and type C natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-C). NPR-A and NPR-B are guanylyl cyclase receptors that increase intracellular cGMP concentration and activate cGMP-dependent protein kinases. NPR-C has been presented as a clearance receptor and its activation also results in inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity. The wide range of effects of natriuretic peptides might be the base for the development of new therapeutic strategies of great benefit in patients with cardiovascular problems including coronary artery disease or heart failure. This review summarizes current literature concerning natriuretic peptides, their receptors and their effects on fluid/electrolyte balance, and vascular and cardiac physiology and pathology, including primary hypertension and myocardial infarction. In addition, we will attempt to provide an update on important issues regarding natriuretic peptides in congestive heart failure.
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