Synthesis of Pyridotriazolopyrimidines as Antitumor Agents

New pyridopyrimidine derivatives as dual EGFR and CDK4/cyclin D1 inhibitors: synthesis, biological screening and molecular modeling

Aim: A series of pyridopyrimidine derivatives 5-20 was designed, synthesized and examined for antitumor activity using four types of malignant cells.Materials & methods: Cervical cancer (HeLa), hepatic cancer (HepG-2), breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer (HCT-166) cells, as well as normal human lung fibroblast cells (WI-38) were used to determine the cytotoxicity.Results: Pyrazol-1-yl pyridopyrimidine derivative 5 was found to be the most active compound against three malignant cells Hela, MCF-7 and HepG-2 with IC50 values of 9.27, 7.69 and 5.91 μM, respectively, related to standard Doxorubicin. Moreover, compounds 5 and 10 showed good inhibition against cyclin dependent kinase (CDK4/cyclin D1) and epidermal growth factor (EGFR) enzymes.

Azole-pyrimidine Hybrid Anticancer Agents: A Review of Molecular Structure, Structure Activity Relationship and Molecular Docking

Cancer has emerged as one of the leading causes of deaths globally partly due to the steady rise in anticancer drug resistance. Pyrimidine and pyrimidine-fused heterocycles are some of the privileged scaffolds in medicine, as they possess diverse biological properties. Pyrimidines containing azole nucleus possesses inestimable anticancer potency and has enormous potential to conduct the regulation of cellular pathways for selective anticancer activity. The present review outlines the molecular structure of pyrimidine-fused azoles with significant anticancer activity. The structure activity relationship and molecular docking studies have also been discussed. The current review is the first complete compilation of significant literature on the proposed topic from 2016 to 2020. The information contained in this review offers a useful insight to chemists in the design of new and potent anticancer azole-pyrimidine analogues.

Angular Regioselectivity in the Reactions of 2-Thioxopyrimidin-4-ones and Hydrazonoyl Chlorides: Synthesis of Novel Stereoisomeric Octahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolin-5-ones

The regioselective synthesis of cis and trans stereoisomers of variously functionalized octahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolin-5-ones was performed. The 2-thioxopyrimidin-4-ones used in the synthesis reacted with hydrazonoyl chlorides in a regioselective manner to produce the angular regioisomers [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolin-5-ones rather than the linear isomers [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolin-5-ones. The synthesis process took place with electronic control. The angular regiochemistry of the products was confirmed by X-ray experiments and two-dimensional NMR studies.

One-pot multi-component synthesis of new bis-pyridopyrimidine and bis-pyrimidoquinolone derivatives

A variety of bis-heterocycles such as bis(pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolone), bis(chromeno[3′,4':5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine), bis(pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d']dipyrimidine), and bis(benzo[g]pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolone) derivatives were synthesized via one-pot, multi-component reaction of various 6-aminouracils or 6-aminothiouracils, terephthalaldehyde, and CH-acids such as 4-hydroxycoumarin, dimedone, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, barbituric acid, and thiobarbituric acid in EtOH as a solvent at reflux. The mild conditions, fast rate of reaction, absence of catalyst, different functional group compatibility, simple operation and work-up involving no chromatographic process, are worth mentioning.

Efficient synthesis and In Silico study of some novel pyrido[2,3‐d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidine derivatives

A novel series of 1,5‐dihydropyrido‐triazolo‐pyrimidine derivatives were prepared by cyclocondensation of 2‐thioxo‐pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines (prepared from reaction of chalcone with 6‐aminothiouracil) with a variety of hydrazonoyl chlorides. Based on spectroscopic evidence and their chemical syntheses, the structures of the newly prepared compounds were elucidated. Designated compounds are forced for molecular docking by using MOE 2014.010 Package software; one of in silico study tools. Synthesized compounds are targeting Human Cyclin‐defendant Kinase 2 (CK2) PDB ID (1PXO.Protein data bank) due to its important role in controlling the human cell cycle and also for meiosis.

Design, synthesis, molecular modelling, and biological evaluation of novel substituted pyrimidine derivatives as potential anticancer agents for hepatocellular carcinoma

New anticancer agents are highly needed to overcome cancer cell resistance. A novel series of pyrimidine pyrazoline-anthracene derivatives (PPADs) (4a-t) were designed and synthesised. The anti-liver cancer activity of all compounds was screened in vitro against two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines (HepG2 and Huh-7) as well as normal fibroblast cells by resazurin assay. The designed compounds 4a-t showed a broad-spectrum anticancer activity against the two cell lines and their activity was more prominent on cancer compared to normal cells. Compound 4e showed high potency against HepG2 and Huh-7 cell lines ((IC₅₀=5.34 and 6.13 μg/mL, respectively) comparable to that of doxorubicin (DOX) activities. A structure activity relationship (SAR) has been investigated and compounds 4e, 4i, 4m, and 4q were the most promising anticancer agents against tested cell lines. These compounds induced apoptosis in HepG2 and Huh-7 cells through significant activation of caspase 3/7 at all tested concentrations. In conclusion, 4e could be a potent anticancer drug.

Utility of 2-thioxo-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinone in synthesis of pyridopyrimido[2,1-b][1,3,5]-thiadiazinones and pyridopyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazinones as antimicrobial agents

BACKGROUND

Pyridopyrimidines are of current interest because of their extensive variety of biological and pharmacological activities.

RESULTS

A series of pyrido[2',3':4,5]pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazinones was obtained by aminomethylation of pyridopyrimidinethione with formaldehyde solution (37%) and different primary aromatic amines. Another series of pyrido[2',3:4,5]pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazinones was prepared by Michael addition reaction of pyridopyrimidinethione to the activated double bond of a number of arylidene malononitrile and 2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)malononitrile. The mechanisms of formation of the synthesized compounds were discussed and the assigned structure was established via microanalysis and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, and Ms.). A comparative study of the biological activity of the synthesized compounds with chloramphenicol and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole is shown in Table 1. Generally, all synthesized compounds showed adequate inhibitory effects on the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, we use a simple (synthetic) strategy for the synthesis of pyrimidothiadiazines, based on their aminomethylation through the Mannich reaction; they have also been synthesized by the application of the Michael addition to activated nitriles. Mechanisms and structures of the newly synthesized compounds were examined: the antimicrobial activity of some selected compounds was evaluated, which demonstrated adequate inhibitory effects. Graphical abstract The strategic structures of the products (7a-g).