Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2‐Arylquinoline‐3‐Fused Thiazolo [2,3‐c]1,2, 4‐Triazole Heterocycles as Potential Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Agents

Quinoline-linked 1,2,3-Triazole Hybrids: Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Activity and Computational Investigations

Synthesized a library of new quinoline-based 1,2,3-triazole scaffolds involving Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and metal-free multicomponent reactions. Evaluated their in vitro anticancer activities against human breast (MCF-7), lung (A-549) and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines with reference to Doxorubicin as standard. Four compounds 5a, 5d, 5e and 5f displayed outstanding activity against all three cell lines. Compound 5a, showcasing -Cl in the R2 position of the phenyl ring demonstrated potent activity with IC50 values of 9.25 ± 0.22, 9.56 ± 0.19 and 10.56 ± 0.19 µM against MCF-7, A-549 and HepG2 cell lines respectively. The compound 5f, containing m-Cl and m-OMe groups in R1 and R2 positions demonstrated potent activity with IC50 values of 10.49 ± 0.31 (MCF-7), 10.27 ± 0.27 (A-549) and 11.27 ± 0.30 µM (HepG2). Compound 5f with -Cl and -I group presented potent activity with an IC50 value of 11.40 ± 0.29 (MCF-7), 10.42 ± 0.21 (A-549) and 12.32 ± 0.33 µM (HepG2). Compound 5d gave out a potent activity with IC50 values of 10.42 ± 0.25 (MCF-7), 12.97 ± 0.22 (A-549) and 13.05 ± 0.45 µM (HepG2). Toxicity results against Hek-293 proved that these compounds were not harmful. The computational screening of these compounds revealed favourable drug-likeness properties and important binding interactions against Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1.

Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Series of Bis-1,2,4-Triazoles as Thymidine Phosphorylase Inhibitor

INTRODUCTION

Heterocyclic compounds have diverse biological activities and potential in drug development. This study aims to synthesize novel compounds with two 1,2,4-triazole cores and evaluate their biological properties, particularly their inhibitory activity against thymidine phosphorylase (TP), an enzyme involved in various physiological processes.

METHODS

The compounds were synthesized by reacting 5,5'-butane-bis-1,2,4-triazole derivatives with prenyl bromide. Characterization involved various techniques, including spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Antimicrobial potential was evaluated against bacteria and fungi, with comparative antibiotics as references. Inhibitory activity against TP was assessed, and molecular docking studies were conducted.

RESULTS

Six compounds were successfully synthesized and their structures confirmed. The synthesized triazole derivatives exhibited high biological activity, with compounds 2 and 6 showing the most promising TP inhibition. Molecular docking studies revealed interactions between compound 2 and TP, involving nine amino acids.

DISCUSSION

The synthesis of novel compounds with two 1,2,4-triazole cores contributes significantly to bis-triazole research. These compounds have potential as anti-tumor agents due to their inhibitory activity against TP, a crucial enzyme in tumor growth and metastasis. Comparative evaluation against antibiotics highlights their potency. Docking results provide insights into their interactions with TP, supporting their potential as potent TP inhibitors. Further research should focus on evaluating their efficacy in biological models, understanding their mechanisms of action, and optimizing their activities.

CONCLUSION

The synthesized compounds with two 1,2,4-triazole cores exhibit significant biological activity, including strong TP inhibition and broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects. These findings emphasize their potential as anti-tumor agents and the need for further exploration and optimization. Future research should focus on evaluating their efficacy in biological models, understanding their mechanisms of action, and developing more potent bis-triazole derivatives for drug discovery efforts. The combined results from assays and docking studies support the therapeutic potential of these compounds as anti-tumor agents.