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The Synthesis, Fungicidal Activity, and in Silico Study of Alkoxy Analogues of Natural Precocenes I, II, and III. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217177. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and explore the eco-friendly and antifungal potential of precocenes and their derivatives. The organic synthesis of the mono-O-alkyl-2,2-dimethyl 2H-1-chromene series, including the natural product precocene I, and the di-O-alkyl 2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-chromene series, including the natural 2H-1-chromenes precocenes II and III, was achieved. The synthetic compounds were subjected to spectroscopic analysis, 1HNMR,13CNMR, and mass characterization. The antifungal activity of synthesized precocenes I, II, and III, as well as their synthetic intermediates, was evaluated by the poison food technique. Precocene II (EC50 106.8 µg × mL−1 and 4.94 µg mL−1), and its regioisomers 7a (EC50 97.18 µg × mL−1 and 35.30 µg × mL−1) and 7d (EC50 170.58 × µg mL−1), exhibited strong fungitoxic activity against Aspergillus niger and Rhizoctonia solani. Some of the novel chromenes, 11a and 11b, which had never been evaluated before, yielded stronger fungitoxic effects. Finally, docking simulations for compounds with promising fungitoxic activity were subjected to structure–activity relationship analyses against the polygalactouronases and voltage-dependent anion channels. Conclusively, precocenes and their regioisomers demonstrated promising fungitoxic activity; such compounds can be subjected to minor structural modifications to yield promising and novel fungicides.
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Nicoli F, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Groppi J, Credi A. Direct synthetic routes to functionalised crown ethers. Org Chem Front 2021; 8:5531-5549. [PMID: 34603737 PMCID: PMC8477657 DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00699a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crown ethers are macrocyclic hosts that can complex a wide range of inorganic and organic cations as well as neutral guest species. Their widespread utilization in several areas of fundamental and applied chemistry strongly relies on strategies for their functionalisation, in order to obtain compounds that could carry out multiple functions and could be incorporated in sophisticated systems. Although functionalised crown ethers are normally synthesised by templated macrocyclisation using appropriately substituted starting materials, the direct addition of functional groups onto a pre-formed macrocyclic framework is a valuable yet underexplored alternative. Here we review the methodologies for the direct functionalisation of aliphatic and aromatic crown ethers sporadically reported in the literature over a period of four decades. The general approach for the introduction of moieties on aliphatic crown ethers involves a radical mediated cross dehydrogenative coupling initiated either by photochemical or thermal/chemical activation, while aromatic crown ethers are commonly derivatised via electrophilic aromatic substitution. Direct functionalization routes can reduce synthetic effort, allow the later modification of crown ether-based architectures, and disclose new ways to exploit these versatile macrocycles in contemporary supramolecular science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Nicoli
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna viale Fanin 44 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
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Safonova EA, Martynov AG, Zolotarevskii VI, Nefedov SE, Gorbunova YG, Tsivadze AY. Design of UV-Vis-NIR panchromatic crown-phthalocyanines with controllable aggregation. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:1366-78. [PMID: 25423480 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02759k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel magnesium and zinc phthalocyaninates, bearing four lateral electron-rich 15-crown-5-oxanthrene fragments, were synthesized starting from benzo-15-crown-5. Being almost insoluble in common organic solvents, these complexes could be solubilised by interaction with potassium acetate due to the formation of well-defined cofacial supramolecular dimers. A characteristic feature of these dimers is the presence of additional bands in their UV-Vis spectra, which affords the expansion of light absorption region up to ∼750 nm. This new band corresponds to the charge transfer from the peripheral groups to the Pc core, as evidenced by TDDFT calculations. Potassium cations can be reversibly removed from these dimers by [2.2.2]cryptand, resulting in the formation of monodisperse nanoparticles exhibiting absorbances up to 900 nm. This approach can be further used for the fabrication of nanostructured optoelectronic materials based on the synthesized donor-acceptor panchromatic crown-phthalocyanines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A Safonova
- A.N. Frumkin, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Leninskiy pr., 31, bldg. 4, Moscow, Russia.
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Synthesis, metal ion binding, and photochromic properties of benzo- and naphthopyrans annelated by crown ether moieties. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hayvalı M, Hayvalı Z. The Synthesis of Some New Mono and bis(Crown Ether)s and Their Sodium Complexes. Tautomerism in o‐Hydroxybenzo‐15‐crown‐5 Schiff Bases as Studied by UV‐VIS Spectrophotometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1081/sim-120035952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Hayvalı
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Ankara University , Tandogˇan, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Hayvalı
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Ankara University , Tandogˇan, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
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Mohammad Seyedi S, Pakseresht T. Synthesis and Extraction Properties of New Fused Benzocrown-Heterocycle Ligands for Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Cations. HETEROCYCLES 2006. [DOI: 10.3987/com-05-10653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of new Schiff bases containing the benzo-15-crown-5 moiety. Molecules 2004; 9:860-6. [PMID: 18007486 DOI: 10.3390/91000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Accepted: 07/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New crown ether Schiff base derivatives were prepared by the condensation of 4'-formylbenzo-15-crown-5 or 4'-formyl-5'-hydroxybenzo-15-crown-5 with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane. The structures of these new compounds were confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, (1)H- and (13)C-NMR, UV-Vis and mass spectroscopic data.
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Bernhardt PV, Hayes EJ. Crown ether appended cyclam receptors for cationic guests. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:2892-902. [PMID: 12033897 DOI: 10.1021/ic011232h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of crown ether appended macrocyclic amines has been prepared comprising benzo-12-crown-4, benzo-15-crown-5, or benzo-18-crown-6 attached to a diamino-substituted cyclam. The Co(III) complexes of these three receptors have been prepared and characterized spectroscopically and structurally. Crystal structures of each receptor in complex with an alkali metal ion and structures of the benzo-12-crown-4 and benzo-15-crown-5-receptors without guest ions are reported. 2D NMR and molecular mechanics modeling have been used to examine conformational variations upon guest ion complexation. Addition of cations to these receptors results in an appreciable anodic shift in the Co(III/II) redox potential, even in aqueous solution, but little cation selectivity is observed. Evidence for complex formation has been corroborated by (23)Na and (7)Li NMR spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Bernhardt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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Berry NG, Shimell TW, Beer PD. Heteroditopic Transition Metal Dithiocarbamate Receptors for Binding Cation-Anion Ion Pairs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-7862(02)00083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hayvalı Z, Hayvalı M, Kılıç Z, Hökelek T. Synthesis, complex formation, spectral and crystallographic investigations of new crown ethers containing recognition site for sodium. Part V. J Mol Struct 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(01)00603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Howell SJ, Spencer N, Philp D. Recognition-mediated regiocontrol of a dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hayvalı M, Gündüz H, Gündüz N, Kılıç Z, Hökelek T. Synthesis and characterization of unsymmetrically tetrasubstituted porphyrin and their nickel (II) complexes with the crystal structure of 5,15-bis(4-aminophenyl)-10, 20-diphenylporphyrinatonickel(II). J Mol Struct 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(00)00417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Weber E, Skobridis K, Ouchi M, Hakushi T, Inoue Y. Polytopic Cation Receptors. III. Di- and Triloop Crown Hosts Having Aromatic Junctions. Synthesis, Cation Extraction, and Solid Complex Formation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1990. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.63.3670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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