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Kemskii SV, Bol’but AV, Pirozhenko VV, Vovk MV. Synthesis of 4-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]-[1,4]diazepine-7-carbonitriles, -carboxamides, and -carboxylic acids. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428014110177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Malcor JD, Brouillette Y, Graffion J, Spielmann K, Masurier N, Maillard LT, Martinez J, Lisowski V. Synthesis and reactivity of pyrrolo[3,2-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-dione. Access to new pyrrolo[3,2-e][1,4]diazepine-2,5-diones. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tantravedi S, Chakraborty S, Shah NH, Fishbein JC, Hosmane RS. Analogs of iso-azepinomycin as potential transition-state analog inhibitors of guanase: synthesis, biochemical screening, and structure-activity correlations of various selectively substituted imidazo[4,5-e][1,4]diazepines. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4893-903. [PMID: 23891230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Guanase is an important enzyme of the purine salvage pathway of nucleic acid metabolism and its inhibition has beneficial implications in viral, bacterial, and cancer therapy. The work described herein is based on a hypothesis that azepinomycin, a heterocyclic natural product and a purported transition state analog inhibitor of guanase, does not represent the true transition state of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction as closely as does iso-azepinomycin, wherein the 6-hydroxy group of azepinomycin has been translocated to the 5-position. Based on this hypothesis, and assuming that iso-azepinomycin would bind to guanase at the same active site as azepinomycin, several analogs of iso-azepinomycin were designed and successfully synthesized in order to gain a preliminary understanding of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic sites surrounding the guanase binding site of the ligand. Specifically, the analogs were designed to explore the hydrophobic pockets, if any, in the vicinity of N1, N3, and N4 nitrogen atoms as well as O(5) oxygen atom of iso-azepinomycin. Biochemical inhibition studies of these analogs were performed using a mammalian guanase. Our results indicate that (1) increasing the hydrophobicity near O(5) results in a negative effect, (2) translocating the hydrophobicity from N3 to N1 also results in decreased inhibition, (3) increasing the hydrophobicity near N3 or N4 produces significant enhancement of inhibition, (4) increasing the hydrophobicity at either N3 or N4 with a simultaneous increase in hydrophobicity at O(5) considerably diminishes any gain in inhibition made by solely enhancing hydrophobicity at N3 or N4, and (5) finally, increasing the hydrophilic character near N3 has also a deleterious effect on inhibition. The most potent compound in the series has a Ki value of 8.0±1.5μM against rabbit liver guanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha Tantravedi
- Laboratory for Drug Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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Arama DP, Lisowski V, Scarlata E, Fulcrand P, Maillard LT, Martinez J, Masurier N. An efficient synthesis of pyrido-imidazodiazepinediones. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hosmane RS. Chapter 2: Ring-Expanded (‘Fat‘) Purines and their Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogues as Broad-Spectrum Therapeutics. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2009; 21. [PMCID: PMC7147839 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(09)70029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This chapter describes a family of ring-expanded purines, informally referred to as “fat” or f-purines, as well as their nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (RENs/RENTs) that have broad applications in chemistry, biology, and medicine. Although purine itself has never been found in nature, substituted purines, such as adenine and guanine, or their respective nucleoside derivatives, adenosine and guanosine, are the most ubiquitous class of nitrogen heterocycles and play crucial roles in wide variety of functions of living beings As nucleotides (AMP,GMP), they are the building blocks of nucleic acids (RNA/DNA). They serve as energy cofactors (ATP, GTP), as part of coenzymes (NAD/FAD) in oxidation-reduction reactions, as important second messengers in many intracellular signal transduction processes (cAMP/cGMP), or as direct neurotransmitters by binding to purinergic receptors (adenosine receptors). Therefore, it is not surprising that the analogues of purines have found utility both as chemotherapeutics (antiviral, antibiotic, and anticancer agents) and pharmacodynamic entities (the regulation of myocardial oxygen consumption and cardiac blood flow). While they can act as substrates or the inhibitors of the enzymes of purine metabolism to render their chemotherapeutic action, their ability to act as agonists or antagonists of A1/A2A receptors is the basis for the modulation of pharmacodynamic property.
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Brouillette Y, Lisowski V, Fulcrand P, Martinez J. Reactivity Study of 1H-Thieno[3,2-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-dione toward the Synthesis of Bicyclic 3,4-Dihydro-1H-thieno[3,2-e][1,4]diazepine-2,5-dione Analogues. J Org Chem 2007; 72:2662-5. [PMID: 17323999 DOI: 10.1021/jo0622882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 10 optically pure 3,4-dihydro-1H-thieno[3,2-e][1,4]diazepine-2,5-dione derivatives has been synthesized in 41-75% yields on treatment of 1H-thieno[3,2-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-dione with different natural alpha-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Brouillette
- Laboratoire des Aminoacides, Peptides et Protéines (LAPP), CNRS UMR 5810, UMI-UMII, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Wang L, Bhan A, Hosmane RS, Guiles RD. A Short Synthesis of a Novel Ring-Expanded Purine and Its Nucleoside Analogue Containing the Imidazo[4,5-e][1,3]diazepine Ring Skeleton with Multiple Amino Substituents Attached to the 7-Membered Ring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/15257779408013222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rajappan V, Hosmane RS. Synthesis and guanase inhibition studies of a novel ring-expanded purine analogue containing a 5:7-fused, planar, aromatic heterocyclic ring system. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:3649-52. [PMID: 9934488 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a novel planar, potentially aromatic, ring-expanded xanthine analogue (1), containing the 5:7-fused imidazo[4,5-e][1,4]diazepine ring system, along with guanase inhibition studies are reported. The compound was synthesized in six steps, starting from 1-benzyl-5-nitroimidazole-4-carboxylic acid (2), and was biochemically screened against rabbit liver guanase. Compound 1 is a moderate competitive inhibitor of the enzyme with a Ki of 2.27 +/- 0.66 x 10(-4) M.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rajappan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) 21250, USA
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Bhan A, Hosmane RS, Zhang H, Hosmane NS. A Unique Diaminomalonate Derivatve useful for Building Novel Heterocycles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919508011820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ring closure of diethyl 2-methoxy-2-[N-(5-amino-1-benzylimidazolyl-4-carbonyl)amino]malonate: Product structures and pathways of product formation. Struct Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02252896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mumper MW, Aurenge C, Hosmane RS. "Slim" nucleosides and nucleotides. I. Synthetic, structural and biophysical investigations of showdomycins. J Biomol Struct Dyn 1994; 11:1107-31. [PMID: 7524539 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.1994.10508055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new, convenient, and short synthesis of 2'-deoxyshowdomycin, along with an improved procedure for the preparation of showdomycin, have been presented. A single-crystal X-ray structure of 1-benzyl-2'-deoxyshowdomycin (9) has been reported. Conformational studies using C.D. indicated that showdomycin exists predominantly in an anti conformation in aqueous solution. Molecular mechanics calculations using AMBER point to comparable binding energy of showdomycin-adenosine pair with the natural uridine-adenosine pair, but with a significant base-ribose conformational deviation from the natural array in the former. Implications of such a conformational deviation on tumor and viral replications have been discussed. Base-pairing studies employing high resolution NMR spectroscopy indicate that both showdomycin and epishowdomycin base-pair with adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP); however, while showdomycin also shows evidence of stacking, that was absent in epishowdomycin. Molecular modeling studies using QUANTA/CHARMm show that showdomycin is capable of forming a homopolymer duplex by base-pairing with poly(A), but with a considerably broader and deeper major groove. A heteropolymer duplex with a single insert of showdomycin exhibits tighter coiling at the point of insertion. A ten-picosecond dynamics simulation of the above heteroduplex revealed relaxation of the helix with disruption of H-bonding for two base pairs on either side of the insertion point, forming a large central cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Mumper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County 21228
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Bhan A, Hosmane RS. Reactions of ring-expanded xanthines containing the imidazo[4,5-e][1,4]diazepine ring system. J Heterocycl Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570300544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Unequivocal structural assignment of the product of methylation of 4-nitro-5-styrylimidazole. Struct Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00681209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hosmane RS, Liebman JF. Aromaticity of heterocycles: experimental realization of dewar-breslow definition of aromaticity. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(91)80597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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