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Tincu (Iurciuc) CE, Bouhadiba B, Atanase LI, Stan CS, Popa M, Ochiuz L. An Accessible Method to Improve the Stability and Reusability of Porcine Pancreatic α-Amylase via Immobilization in Gellan-Based Hydrogel Particles Obtained by Ionic Cross-Linking with Mg 2+ Ions. Molecules 2023; 28:4695. [PMID: 37375250 PMCID: PMC10302431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amylase is an enzyme used to hydrolyze starch in order to obtain different products that are mainly used in the food industry. The results reported in this article refer to the immobilization of α-amylase in gellan hydrogel particles ionically cross-linked with Mg2+ ions. The obtained hydrogel particles were characterized physicochemically and morphologically. Their enzymatic activity was tested using starch as a substrate in several hydrolytic cycles. The results showed that the properties of the particles are influenced by the degree of cross-linking and the amount of immobilized α-amylase enzyme. The temperature and pH at which the immobilized enzyme activity is maximum were T = 60 °C and pH = 5.6. The enzymatic activity and affinity of the enzyme to the substrate depend on the particle type, and this decreases for particles with a higher cross-linking degree owing to the slow diffusion of the enzyme molecules inside the polymer's network. By immobilization, α-amylase is protected from environmental factors, and the obtained particles can be quickly recovered from the hydrolysis medium, thus being able to be reused in repeated hydrolytic cycles (at least 11 cycles) without a substantial decrease in enzymatic activity. Moreover, α-amylase immobilized in gellan particles can be reactivated via treatment with a more acidic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Elena Tincu (Iurciuc)
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 73, Prof. Dr. Docent Dimitrie Mangeron Street, 700050 Iași, Romania; (C.E.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, University Street, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Brahim Bouhadiba
- Laboratory of Engineering of Industrial Safety and Sustainable Development LISIDD, Institute of Maintenance and Industrial Safety, University of Oran 2, Mohammed Benahmed, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Leonard Ionut Atanase
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 11, Pacurari Street, 700511 Iași, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Sergiu Stan
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 73, Prof. Dr. Docent Dimitrie Mangeron Street, 700050 Iași, Romania; (C.E.T.)
| | - Marcel Popa
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 73, Prof. Dr. Docent Dimitrie Mangeron Street, 700050 Iași, Romania; (C.E.T.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lăcrămioara Ochiuz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, University Street, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
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Beckett AR, Larson KJ, Brooks RM, Lintner AC, Patterson SB, Roberts ML, Blache AL, Kahn SA. Blinded Comparative Review of Lubricants Commonly Used for Split-Thickness Skin Graft Harvest. J Burn Care Res 2019; 40:327-330. [PMID: 30801643 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lubricating agents facilitate effective harvesting of split-thickness skin grafts. Multiple agents, including water-based gel, mineral oil, glycerin, and poloxamer 188, have been utilized in this capacity. The agent selected is typically at the discretion of the provider and institution, as a single "ideal" lubricant remains to be objectively established. Furthermore, a recent discontinuation of Shur-Clens® Skin Wound Cleanser1 (a wound cleansing solution consisting of the surfactant poloxamer 188) has prompted the search for a suitable substitute for many providers. The purpose of this study is to directly compare five lubricants (including a novel surgical lubricant-based solution) to select a preferred agent. Four practitioners blindly tested five lubricants while harvesting a split-thickness skin graft on a porcine skin model (glycerin, mineral oil, saline, poloxamer 188, and a novel lubricant solution created with surgical lube and sterile water). The results were recorded on a Likert scale where 1 indicated poor performance and 5 indicated excellent performance. Data were pooled, and means were compared with analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test. The cost of each lubricating solution was also reported. Mean scores for each of the solutions were as follows: dry control = 1.1 ± 0.1; glycerin = 2.62 ± 1.02, saline = 3.88 ± 0.81, mineral oil = 3.75 ± 1.00, novel water-based lubricant solution = 4.63 ± 0.71, and poloxamer 188 = 3.88 ± 0.81. All solutions were superior to dry control (P < .01). Glycerin was noted to have statistically lower scores than all of the other solutions (P < .01). The novel water-based surgical lubricant solution had significantly higher mean scores than both glycerin (P < .01) and mineral oil (P < .05). Each solution was compared according to dollars per 100cc with glycerin and Shur-Clens® representing the most expensive options at almost $3/100cc and saline the least expensive at less than $0.15/100cc. In a porcine skin model, the novel water-based surgical lubricant solution had the best performance. It was statistically superior to glycerin and mineral oil and was also found to be the most cost-effective option in terms of overall performance compared with relative cost. Glycerin had the worst performance with statistically lower scores than all other solutions. Glycerin was also found to be the least cost-effective due to a large discrepancy between high cost and low overall performance. Saline performed better than expected. These results may be skewed due to the inherently greasy nature of the butcher shop porcine skin, creating limitations and decreasing the fidelity of the model. In a search for the "ideal" lubricant, other models should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Beckett
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery and Burns, Arnold Luterman Regional Burn Center, University of South Alabama Medical Center, Mobile
| | - Kaitlin J Larson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery and Burns, Arnold Luterman Regional Burn Center, University of South Alabama Medical Center, Mobile
| | - Ronald M Brooks
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery and Burns, Arnold Luterman Regional Burn Center, University of South Alabama Medical Center, Mobile
| | - Alicia C Lintner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery and Burns, Arnold Luterman Regional Burn Center, University of South Alabama Medical Center, Mobile
| | - Scott B Patterson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery and Burns, Arnold Luterman Regional Burn Center, University of South Alabama Medical Center, Mobile
| | - Mike L Roberts
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery and Burns, Arnold Luterman Regional Burn Center, University of South Alabama Medical Center, Mobile
| | - Anna L Blache
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery and Burns, Arnold Luterman Regional Burn Center, University of South Alabama Medical Center, Mobile
| | - Steven A Kahn
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery and Burns, Arnold Luterman Regional Burn Center, University of South Alabama Medical Center, Mobile
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Azzopardi EA, Conlan RS, Whitaker IS. Polymer therapeutics in surgery: the next frontier. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:19-29. [PMID: 27588210 PMCID: PMC4985703 DOI: 10.1002/jin2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymer therapeutics is a successful branch of nanomedicine, which is now established in several facets of everyday practice. However, to our knowledge, no literature regarding the application of the underpinning principles, general safety, and potential of this versatile class to the perioperative patient has been published. This study provides an overview of polymer therapeutics applied to clinical surgery, including the evolution of this demand‐oriented scientific field, cutting‐edge concepts, its implications, and limitations, illustrated by products already in clinical use and promising ones in development. In particular, the effect of design of polymer therapeutics on biophysical and biochemical properties, the potential for targeted delivery, smart release, and safety are addressed. Emphasis is made on principles, giving examples in salient areas of demand in current surgical practice. Exposure of the practising surgeon to this versatile class is crucial to evaluate and maximise the benefits that this established field presents and to attract a new generation of clinician–scientists with the necessary knowledge mix to drive highly successful innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest A Azzopardi
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Unit, Institute for Life Science Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University Singleton Park Campus SwanseaSA2 8PP UK; The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery Moriston Hospital Swansea Swansea SA6 6NL UK; Institute for Life Science and Centre for NanoHealth Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University Singleton Park Campus Swansea SA2 8PP UK
| | - R Steven Conlan
- Institute for Life Science and Centre for NanoHealth Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University Singleton Park Campus Swansea SA2 8PP UK
| | - Iain S Whitaker
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Unit, Institute for Life Science Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University Singleton Park Campus SwanseaSA2 8PP UK; The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery Moriston Hospital Swansea Swansea SA6 6NL UK; Institute for Life Science and Centre for NanoHealth Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University Singleton Park Campus Swansea SA2 8PP UK
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