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Wahl B, Lee DS, Woodward S. 1,4-Addition of TMSCCl3to (E)-Fumaric Esters and Thermal Rearrangement of the Adducts to 3,4-Dichloropent-2-enedioates. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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2
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Kryshtal GV, Zhdankina GM, Zlotin SG. Recoverable Phase-Transfer Catalysts with Fluorinated Anions: Generation and Reactions of Dichlorocarbene and CCl3 Anion in the Heterogeneous System KOH(s)/CHCl3/nBu4NPF6. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200701034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Mieusset JL, Brinker UH. Toward Selective Reactions with CH Bonds: A Rationale for the Regio- and Stereochemistry of Dichlorocarbene Insertions into Cyclic Hydrocarbons. J Org Chem 2007; 72:10211-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702047b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Mieusset
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Udo H. Brinker
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Wien, Austria
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4
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Baird MS. Functionalised cyclopropenes as synthetic intermediates. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0111230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Fang R, Ke Z, Shen Y, Zhao C, Phillips DL. Concurrent Cyclopropanation by Carbenes and Carbanions? A Density Functional Theory Study on the Reaction Pathways. J Org Chem 2007; 72:5139-45. [PMID: 17552566 DOI: 10.1021/jo0704356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms for the addition reactions of phenylhalocarbenes and phenyldihalomethide carbanions with acrylonitrile (ACN) and trimethylethylene (TME) have been investigated using an ab initio BH and HLYP/6-31G (d, p) level of theory. Solvent effects on these reactions have been explored by calculations that included a polarizable continuum model (PCM) for the solvent (THF). These model calculations show that for the addition of phenylhalocarbenes, a TME species may readily undergo addition reactions with carbenes while ACN has a high-energy barrier to overcome. It was also found that phenyldihalomethide carbanions do not readily add to the electron-rich TME. The cyclopropane yields only appear to occur via addition of PhCBr to TME. However, the cyclopropanation proceeds not only via slow addition of phenylhalocarbenes to ACN but also forms through the stepwise reaction of phenyldihalomethide carbanions with ACN. Our calculation results are in good agreement with experimental observations (Moss, R.A.; Tian, J.-Z. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 8960) that indicate that the cyclopropanation of phenylhalocarbenes and phenyldihalomethide carbanions with ACN are concurrent in THF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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Gurumirthy R, Balasubramanian P, Narasimhan K. Reaction of Dichlorocarbene with Substituted Cyclopentadienones Under Phase Transfer Conditions. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397918008062765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Goaller RL, Slaoui S, Pierre JL, Luche JL. Polyethylene Oxides as Organic Reactions Activators II.1An Easy Generation of Dihalocarbenes. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397918208065984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Modulation of selectivity in a fluorocarbene cyclopropanation reaction: a catalytic role for bromide ion. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Abstract
The generation of phenylhalocarbenes in the presence of varying quantities of halide ions and electron-poor alkenes affords concurrent cyclopropanation of the alkenes by an equilibrating mixture of phenylhalocarbenes and phenylhalomethide carbanions, which permits the smooth modulation of selectivity between electron-poor alkenes and electron-rich alkenes, a feature of potential synthetic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Moss
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA.
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Masuno MN, Young DM, Hoepker AC, Skepper CK, Molinski TF. Addition of Cl2C: to (−)-O-Menthyl Acrylate under Sonication−Phase-Transfer Catalysis. Efficient Synthesis of (+)- and (−)-(2-Chlorocyclopropyl)methanol. J Org Chem 2005; 70:4162-5. [PMID: 15876110 DOI: 10.1021/jo0480186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Dichlorocyclopropanation of (-)-O-menthyl acrylate under conditions of phase-transfer catalysis (CHCl3, KOH, tetramethylammonium bromide), with sonication, gives excellent yields (85-94%) of the corresponding dichlorocyclopropanecarboxylate ester compared to thermal conditions (90 degrees C, 56%). No diastereoselectivity was observed, but one isomer was isolated pure by fractional crystallization. The measured kinetic isotope effect (initial rate (CHCl3)/rate (CDCl3) approximately 1.7) suggests deprotonation of CHCl3 as the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto N Masuno
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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12
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Fedoryński M. Syntheses of gem-dihalocyclopropanes and their use in organic synthesis. Chem Rev 2003; 103:1099-132. [PMID: 12683778 DOI: 10.1021/cr0100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Fedoryński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland.
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de Meijere A, Kozhushkov SI. The chemistry of highly strained oligospirocyclopropane systems. Chem Rev 2000; 100:93-142. [PMID: 11749235 DOI: 10.1021/cr960153y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A de Meijere
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Brantley SE, Molinski TF. Synthetic Studies of Trichloroleucine Marine Natural Products. Michael Addition of LiCCl3 to N-Crotonylcamphor Sultam. Org Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ol991256g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Brantley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - Tadeusz F. Molinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
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16
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Fedoryński M. Phase transfer catalyzed reactions of chloroform with electrophilic alkenes. Effect of solvent on reaction course. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Baird MS, Licence P, Tverezovsky VV, Bolesov IG, Clegg W. Enantiomerically pure 2,2-dibromocyclopropanecarboxylic acids, simple chiral building blocks. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Phase transfer catalyzed (PTC) reactions of chloroform with alkenyl carboxylates. Effect of catalyst structure on reaction course. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(96)01029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Irngartinger H, Gries S, Klaus P, Gleiter R. Substituenteneffekte auf die Struktur von Spiropentan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19921251124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Dehmlow EV, Wilkenloh J. Über Katalysatoreffekte bei Umsetzungen α,β-ungesättigter Ketone und Ester mit Haloformen unter Phasenstransfer-Katalyse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19901230325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Kirmse W, Rode J. Desaminierungsreaktionen, 45. Zerfall von 1-Arylcyclopropandiazonium-Ionen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19861191215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Baird MS, Gerrard ME, Searle RJ. Trapping of the tribromomethylanion by electron poor alkenes. Tetrahedron Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)84597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Helmchen G, Wegner G. Synthesis of enantiomerically pure (S)-3-trichloromethylbutyric acid via asymmetric conjugate addition of trichloromethyl metal compounds to a chiral enoate. Activation effect of a sulfonylamino group. Tetrahedron Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)95121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Two-Phase Reactions in Organic Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-610509-4.50006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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27
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Martz JT, Gokel GW, Olofson R. Mechanism of the “michael addition” of nucleophiles to enol esters. Tetrahedron Lett 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)86181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mąkosza M, Ludwikow M. Kronenäther als Katalysatoren bei Reaktionen von Carbanionen und Halogencarbenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1974. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19740862010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Makosza M, Ludwikow M. Crown Ethers as Catalysts in Reactions of Carbanions and Halocarbenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.197406651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Dehmlow EV, Höfle G. Der Mechanismus der phasentransfer-katalytischen Bildung von Tetrahalogenspiropentanen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19741070836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dehmlow EV. Phase-Transfer Catalyzed Two-Phase Reactions in Preparative Organic Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.197401701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dehmlow EV. Phasentransfer-katalysierte Zweiphasenreaktionen in der präparativen organischen Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1974. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19740860503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dehmlow EV, Klabuhn H, Hass EC. Zur Reaktivität der Diaddukte von Dihalogencarben an Cyclooctatetraen. Darstellungen von Hexachlor-tetracyclo[8.1.0.02,4.05,7]-8-undecen und Octachlor-pentacyclo[9.1.0.02,4.05,7.08,10]-dodecan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.197319730702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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