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Schreiber T, Quinting T, Dittmer U, Fandrey J, Sutter K. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α is Essential for Macrophage-mediated Erythroblast Proliferation in Acute Friend Retrovirus Infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17236. [PMID: 29222473 PMCID: PMC5722883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the frontline of defence against foreign microorganisms, including bacteria, parasites, and viruses. During acute viral infection, macrophages must invade the inflamed tissue toward low oxygen concentrations, where genetic cellular responses depend on hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). In the study reported here we investigated the role of HIF-1α in macrophage function during acute retroviral infection. Wild-type and myeloid cell-specific HIF-1α knockout mice were infected with Friend retrovirus (FV), and immune response was analysed 7 and 10 days after infection. FV infection led to increased spleen weight in wild-type and knockout mice, whereas a profound proliferation of erythroblasts was seen only in wild-type mice. The number of spleen-infiltrating macrophages was also significantly lower in knockout animals. Macrophage invasion after FV infection in wild-type mice led to elevated amounts of activated macrophage-stimulating 1 protein that resulted in massive proliferation of erythrocyte precursor cells. This proliferation was absent from knockout mice because of impaired invasion capabilities of HIF-1α-deficient macrophages. Our study elucidated a novel mechanism of FV-induced erythrocyte precursor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Schreiber
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Physiology, Essen, Germany
| | - Theresa Quinting
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Physiology, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Virology, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Fandrey
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Physiology, Essen, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Virology, Essen, Germany
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Kauder SE, Santell L, Mai E, Wright LY, Luis E, N'Diaye EN, Lutman J, Ratti N, Sa SM, Maun HR, Stefanich E, Gonzalez LC, Graham RR, Diehl L, Faubion WA, Keir ME, Young J, Chaudhuri A, Lazarus RA, Egen JG. Functional consequences of the macrophage stimulating protein 689C inflammatory bowel disease risk allele. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83958. [PMID: 24409221 PMCID: PMC3884107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) is a serum growth factor that binds to and activates the receptor tyrosine kinase, Recepteur d'Origine Nantais (RON). A non-synonymous coding variant in MSP (689C) has been associated with genetic susceptibility to both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, two major types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. We investigated the consequences of this polymorphism for MSP-RON pathway activity and IBD pathogenesis. Methods RON expression patterns were examined on mouse and human cells and tissues under normal and disease conditions to identify cell types regulated by MSP-RON. Recombinant MSP variants were tested for their ability to bind and stimulate RON and undergo proteolytic activation. MSP concentrations were quantified in the serum of individuals carrying the MSP 689R and 689C alleles. Results In intestinal tissue, RON was primarily expressed by epithelial cells under normal and disease conditions. The 689C polymorphism had no impact on the ability of MSP to bind to or signal through RON. In a cohort of normal individuals and IBD patients, carriers of the 689C polymorphism had lower concentrations of MSP in their serum. Conclusions By reducing the quantities of circulating MSP, the 689C polymorphism, or a variant in linkage disequilibrium with this polymorphism, may impact RON ligand availability and thus receptor activity. Given the known functions of RON in regulating wound healing and our analysis of RON expression patterns in human intestinal tissue, these data suggest that decreased RON activity may impact the efficiency of epithelial repair and thus underlie the increased IBD susceptibility associated with the MSP 689C allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E. Kauder
- Discovery Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lydia Santell
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Elaine Mai
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lilyan Y. Wright
- Immunology, Tissue Growth and Repair- Diagnostics Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Luis
- Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Elsa N. N'Diaye
- Discovery Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeff Lutman
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Navneet Ratti
- Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Sa
- Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Henry R. Maun
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Stefanich
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lino C. Gonzalez
- Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert R. Graham
- Immunology, Tissue Growth and Repair -Human Genetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lauri Diehl
- Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - William A. Faubion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Keir
- Immunology, Tissue Growth and Repair- Diagnostics Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Judy Young
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Amitabha Chaudhuri
- Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Lazarus
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jackson G. Egen
- Discovery Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhu M, Paddock GV. Expression of the hepatocyte growth factor-like protein gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma and interleukin-6-induced increased expression in hepatoma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1449:63-72. [PMID: 10076051 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(98)00171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most frequent malignant tumors. It may occur following exposure to various agents, including viruses and chemical carcinogens; however, the underlying mechanisms of the hepatocarcinogenesis are not known. The present study is the result of our search for genes which may be abundantly expressed in human primary liver carcinoma. One of these genes was found to encode the human hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (HGFLP), also known as macrophage-stimulating protein. HGFLP is structurally homologous to hepatocyte growth factor, a potent growth factor for liver. HGFLP mRNA was also found to be overexpressed in a hepatoblastoma sample and in a sample of subacute fulminant hepatic necrosis. In a study on the effects of cytokines on the expression of HGFLP, we found that IL-6 increased expression of HGFLP mRNA in Hep G2 cells, but IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha had no effect. An increase in HGFLP could be the result of inflammation and/or tissue injury and its overexpression may prove to be useful as an indicator of hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, 250504, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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