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Radiochemistry with {Al18F}2+: Current status and optimization perspectives for efficient radiofluorination by complexation. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Kondratenko YA, Shilova JS, Gavrilov VA, Zolotarev AA, Nadporojskii MA, Kochina TA, Antuganov DO. N-Benzylethanolammonium Ionic Liquids and Molten Salts in the Synthesis of 68Ga- and Al 18F-Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020694. [PMID: 36840016 PMCID: PMC9962170 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), due to their structural features, have unique physical and chemical properties and are environmentally friendly. Every year, the number of studies devoted to the use of ILs in medicine and pharmaceutics is growing. In nuclear medicine, the use of ILs with self-buffering capacity in the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals is extremely important. This research is devoted to obtaining new ionic buffer agents containing N-benzylethanolammonium (BEA) cations and anions of carboxylic acids. A series of new BEA salts was synthesized and identified by NMR (1H, 13C), IR spectroscopy and elemental and thermal analysis. The crystal structures of BEA hydrogen succinate, hydrogen oxalate and oxalate were determined by x-ray diffraction. Newly synthesized compounds were tested as buffer solutions in 68Ga- and Al18F-radiolabeling reactions with a series of bifunctional chelating agents and clinically relevant peptides used for visualization of malignancies by positron emission tomography. The results obtained confirm the promise of using new buffers in the synthesis of 68Ga- and Al18F-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A. Kondratenko
- Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry RAS, Nab. Makarova, 2, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Julia S. Shilova
- St. Petersburg State Technological Institute, Technical University, 26 Moskovsky Pr., 190013 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladislav A. Gavrilov
- St. Petersburg State Technological Institute, Technical University, 26 Moskovsky Pr., 190013 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies, Leningradskaya Str. 70, Pesochny, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Zolotarev
- Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, University Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michail A. Nadporojskii
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies, Leningradskaya Str. 70, Pesochny, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Kochina
- Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry RAS, Nab. Makarova, 2, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitrii O. Antuganov
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies, Leningradskaya Str. 70, Pesochny, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Antuganov DO, Nadporojskii MA, Kondratenko YA. Al[18F]F-HBED-CC-radiolabeling in a media of protic alkanolammonium ionic liquids. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Archibald SJ, Allott L. The aluminium-[ 18F]fluoride revolution: simple radiochemistry with a big impact for radiolabelled biomolecules. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:30. [PMID: 34436693 PMCID: PMC8390636 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aluminium-[18F]fluoride ([18F]AlF) radiolabelling method combines the favourable decay characteristics of fluorine-18 with the convenience and familiarity of metal-based radiochemistry and has been used to parallel gallium-68 radiopharmaceutical developments. As such, the [18F]AlF method is popular and widely implemented in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for the clinic. In this review, we capture the current status of [18F]AlF-based technology and reflect upon its impact on nuclear medicine, as well as offering our perspective on what the future holds for this unique radiolabelling method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Archibald
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - Louis Allott
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. .,Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK.
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Zha Z, Choi SR, Ploessl K, Alexoff D, Zhao R, Zhu L, Kung HF. Radiolabeling Optimization and Preclinical Evaluation of the New PSMA Imaging Agent [ 18F]AlF-P16-093. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1017-1026. [PMID: 33872489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligands have played an increasing role in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 is a PSMA-targeting agent for positron emission tomography imaging, currently under a Phase 2 clinical trial. In the present study, P16-093 was labeled with 18F via [18F]AlF2+ complex formation, and the biological properties of [18F]AlF-P16-093 were evaluated. Optimization of radiolabeling efficiency was performed by testing a series of parameters, including the amount of free ligand; the amount of Al3+; and the influence of solvent, pH, temperature, reaction time, and reaction volume. Optimal labeling results were achieved at pH 5 by reacting at 60 °C for 15 min in a vial containing 74-370 MBq of [18F]fluoride, 46 nmol of P16-093, 40 nmol of AlCl3·6 H2O, and 50% EtOH. [18F]AlF-P16-093 was prepared with a non-decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 54.4 ± 4.4% (n = 9) within 30 min (final radiochemical purity ≥95%). In vitro, [18F]AlF-P16-093 showed PSMA-specific high uptakes in PIP-PC3 cells. The binding affinity of [18F]AlF-P16-093 to PSMA was determined as Kd of 12.4 ± 2.0 nM. The tumor uptake in mice with a xenografted PSMA-expressing PIP-PC3 tumor was high (18.8 ± 5.14% ID/g at 1 h postinjection) and retained without washout for 2 h. In addition, tumor uptake was almost completely blocked by coinjecting a PSMA inhibitor, 2-PMPA. The bone activity at 1 h post injection was higher with [18F]AlF-P16-093 (2.83 ± 0.49% ID/g) in comparison to that of [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 (0.26 ± 0.07% ID/g). In summary, an efficient and simple radiosynthesis of [18F]AlF-P16-093 was achieved. [18F]AlF-P16-093 showed desirable in vivo pharmacokinetics and excellent PSMA-targeting properties for imaging PSMA expression in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zha
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Seok Rye Choi
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karl Ploessl
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David Alexoff
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ruiyue Zhao
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Hank F Kung
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Hassan H, Othman MF, Abdul Razak HR. Optimal 18F-fluorination conditions for the high radiochemical yield of [ 18F]AlF-NOTA-NHS complexes. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
18F-fluorination using aluminum-fluoride ([18F]AlF) chelate technique has been reported to give a low-to-moderate radiochemical yield, between 5 and 20%. Therefore, the work described here outlines the optimum 18F-fluorination condition for the formation of [18F]AlF2+ and [18F]AlF-NOTA-NHS complex with the radiochemical yield (RCY) and purity (RCP) of more than 90% as a prerequisite step before proceeding with the radiopharmaceutical preparation using the [18F]AlF-bifunctional chelator technique. As well as being simple, the suggested method is practical and relevant for beginners interested in 18F-fluorination with [18F]AlF-chelate complex technique or also for a researcher who aims to proceed on an extensive scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hishar Hassan
- Centre for Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 UPM Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Faiz Othman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universiti Teknologi MARA , 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Hairil Rashmizal Abdul Razak
- Centre for Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 UPM Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
- Department of Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 UPM Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
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Mosayebnia M, Hajimahdi Z, Beiki D, Rezaeianpour M, Hajiramezanali M, Geramifar P, Sabzevari O, Amini M, Hatamabadi D, Shahhosseini S. Design, synthesis, radiolabeling and biological evaluation of new urea-based peptides targeting prostate specific membrane antigen. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103743. [PMID: 32217372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of Prostate cancer (PCa) plays a vital role in successful treatment increasing the survival rate of patients. Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) is over-expressed in almost all types of PCa. The goal of present study is to introduce new 99mTc-labeled peptides as a PSMA inhibitor for specific detection of PCa at early stages. Based on published PSMA-targeting compounds, a set of peptides bearing the well-known Glu-Urea-Lys pharmacophore and new non-urea containing pharmacophore were designed and assessed by in silico docking studies. The selected peptides were synthesized and radiolabeled with 99mTc. The in-vitro tests (log P, stability in normal saline and fresh human plasma, and affinity toward PSMA-positive LNCaP cell line) and in-vivo characterizations of radiopeptides (biodistribution and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography-Computed Tomography (SPECT-CT) imaging in normal and tumour-bearing mice) were performed. The peptides 1-3 containing Glu-Urea-Lys and Glu-GABA-Asp as pharmacophores were efficiently interacted with crystal structure of PSMA and showed the highest binding energies range from -8 to -11.2 kcal/mol. Regarding the saturation binding test, 99mTc-labeled peptide 1 had the highest binding affinity (Kd = 13.58 nM) to PSMA-positive cells. SPECT-CT imaging and biodistribution studies showed high kidneys and tumour uptake 1 h post-injection of radiopeptide 1 and 2 (%ID/g tumour = 3.62 ± 0.78 and 1.8 ± 0.32, respectively). 99mTc-peptide 1 (Glu-urea-Lys-Gly-Ala-Asp-Naphthylalanine-HYNIC-99mTc) exhibited the highest binding affinity, high radiochemical purity, the most stability and high specific accumulation in prostate tumour lesions. 99mTc-peptide 1 being of comparable efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties with the well-known PET tracer (68Ga-PSMA-11) seems to be applied as a promising SPECT imaging agent to early diagnose of PCa and consequently increase survival rate of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mosayebnia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hajimahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Beiki
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Rezaeianpour
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberclosis and Lung Diseases (NRTLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Hajiramezanali
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Geramifar
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Sabzevari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Drug Design and Development Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Dara Hatamabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Shahhosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Huang S, Wu H, Li B, Fu L, Sun P, Wang M, Hu K. Automated radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation of Al[ 18F]F-NOTA-P-GnRH for PET imaging of GnRH receptor-positive tumors. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 82-83:64-71. [PMID: 32088580 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor is overexpressed in many human tumors. Previously we developed a 18F-labelled GnRH peptide. Although the GnRH-targeted PET probe can be clearly visualized by microPET imaging in a PC-3 xenograft model, clinical applications of the probe have been limited by complex labeling procedures, poor radiochemical yield, and unwanted accumulation in GnRH receptor negative tissues. In this study, we have designed a new 18F-labelled GnRH peptide that is more amenable to clinical development. METHODS GnRH peptide analogues NOTA-P-GnRH was synthesized and automated radiolabeled with 18F using a Al[18F]F complex on a modified PET-MF-2V-IT-I synthesis module. The GnRH receptor affinities of AlF-NOTA-P-GnRH and NOTA-P-GnRH were determined by in vitro competitive binding assay. For in vitro characterization determination of stability and partition coefficients were carried out, respectively. Dynamic microPET and biodistribution studies of Al[18F]F-NOTA-P-GnRH were evaluated in xenograft tumor mouse models. RESULTS The total radiochemical synthesis and purification of Al[18F]F-NOTA-P-GnRH was completed within 35 min with a decay-corrected yield of 35 ± 10%. The logP value of Al[18F]F-NOTA-P-GnRH was -2.74 ± 0.04 and the tracer was stable in phosphate-buffered saline, and bovine and human serum. The IC50 values of AlF-NOTA-P-GnRH and NOTA-P-GnRH were 116 nM and 56.2 nM, respectively. Dynamic PET imaging together with ex vivo biodistribution analyses revealed that Al[18F]F-NOTA-P-GnRH was clearly delineated in both PC-3 and MDA-MB-231 xenografted tumors. CONCLUSION Al[18F]F-NOTA-P-GnRH can be efficiently produced on a commercially available automated synthesis module and has potential for use in clinical diagnosis of GnRH receptor-positive tumors. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Our studies developed the automated radiosynthesis of a new 18F-labelled GnRH tracer and preclinical evaluation for future clinical application. IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE Quantitative and noninvasive imaging of GnRH expression would provide information for diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Huang
- Nanfang PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Hubing Wu
- Nanfang PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Baoyuan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120, China
| | - Lilan Fu
- Nanfang PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Penghui Sun
- Nanfang PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Nanfang PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Kongzhen Hu
- Nanfang PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China.
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Stability Evaluation and Stabilization of a Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor (GRPR) Targeting Imaging Pharmaceutical. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162878. [PMID: 31398865 PMCID: PMC6720803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) are identified as important targets on prostate cancer. Receptor-targeting radiolabeled imaging pharmaceuticals with high affinity and specificity are useful in studying and monitoring biological processes and responses. Two potential imaging pharmaceuticals, AMBA agonist (where AMBA = DO3A-CH2CO-G-[4-aminobenzyl]- Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2) and RM1 antagonist (where RM1 = DO3A-CH2CO-G-[4-aminobenzyl]-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2), have demonstrated high binding affinity (IC50) to GRP receptors and high tumor uptake. Antagonists, despite the poor tumor cell internalization properties, can show clearer images and pharmacokinetic profiles by virtue of their higher tumor uptake in animal models compared to agonists. For characterization, development, and translation of a potential imaging pharmaceutical into the clinic, it must be evaluated in a series of tests, including in vitro cell binding assays, in vitro buffer and serum stability studies, the biodistribution of the radiolabeled material, and finally imaging studies in preclinical animal models. Data related to acetate buffer, mouse, canine, and human sera stability of 177Lu-labeled RM1 are presented here and compared with the acetate buffer and sera stability data of AMBA agonist. The samples of 177Lu-labeled RM1 with a high radioconcentration degrade faster than low-radioconcentration samples upon storage at 2–8 °C. Addition of stabilizers, ascorbic acid and gentisic acid, improve the stability of 177Lu-labeled RM1 significantly with gentisic acid being more efficient than ascorbic acid as a stabilizer. The degradation kinetics of 177Lu-labeled AMBA and RM1 in sera follow the order (fastest to slowest): mouse > canine > human sera. Finally, 177Lu-labeled RM1 antagonist is slower to degrade in mouse, canine, and human sera than 177Lu-labeled AMBA agonist, further suggesting that an antagonist is a more promising candidate than agonist for the positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and therapy of prostate cancer patients.
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Fersing C, Bouhlel A, Cantelli C, Garrigue P, Lisowski V, Guillet B. A Comprehensive Review of Non-Covalent Radiofluorination Approaches Using Aluminum [ 18F]fluoride: Will [ 18F]AlF Replace 68Ga for Metal Chelate Labeling? Molecules 2019; 24:E2866. [PMID: 31394799 PMCID: PMC6719958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its ideal physical properties, fluorine-18 turns out to be a key radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, for both preclinical and clinical applications. However, usual biomolecules radiofluorination procedures require the formation of covalent bonds with fluorinated prosthetic groups. This drawback makes radiofluorination impractical for routine radiolabeling, gallium-68 appearing to be much more convenient for the labeling of chelator-bearing PET probes. In response to this limitation, a recent expansion of the 18F chemical toolbox gave aluminum [18F]fluoride chemistry a real prominence since the late 2000s. This approach is based on the formation of an [18F][AlF]2+ cation, complexed with a 9-membered cyclic chelator such as NOTA, NODA or their analogs. Allowing a one-step radiofluorination in an aqueous medium, this technique combines fluorine-18 and non-covalent radiolabeling with the advantage of being very easy to implement. Since its first reports, [18F]AlF radiolabeling approach has been applied to a wide variety of potential PET imaging vectors, whether of peptidic, proteic, or small molecule structure. Most of these [18F]AlF-labeled tracers showed promising preclinical results and have reached the clinical evaluation stage for some of them. The aim of this report is to provide a comprehensive overview of [18F]AlF labeling applications through a description of the various [18F]AlF-labeled conjugates, from their radiosynthesis to their evaluation as PET imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Fersing
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France.
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), University of Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Ahlem Bouhlel
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Cantelli
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 34093 Montpellier CEDEX, France
| | - Philippe Garrigue
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Lisowski
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 34093 Montpellier CEDEX, France
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13385 Marseille, France
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Liu T, Liu C, Xu X, Liu F, Guo X, Li N, Wang X, Yang J, Yang X, Zhu H, Yang Z. Preclinical Evaluation and Pilot Clinical Study of Al18F-PSMA-BCH for Prostate Cancer PET Imaging. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1284-1292. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.221671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Alonso Martinez LM, Harel F, Nguyen QT, Létourneau M, D'Oliviera-Sousa C, Meloche B, Finnerty V, Fournier A, Dupuis J, DaSilva JN. Al[ 18F]F-complexation of DFH17, a NOTA-conjugated adrenomedullin analog, for PET imaging of pulmonary circulation. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 67:36-42. [PMID: 30388434 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adrenomedullin receptors are highly expressed in human alveolar capillaries and provide a molecular target for imaging the integrity of pulmonary microcirculation. In this work, we aimed to develop a NOTA-derivatized adrenomedullin analog (DFH17), radiolabeled with [18F]AlF, for PET imaging of pulmonary microcirculation. METHODS Highly concentrated [18F](AlF)2+ (15 μL) was produced from purified fluorine-18 in NaCl 0.9%. Various complexation experiments were carried out at Al-to-NOTA molar ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:40 to assess optimal radiolabeling conditions before using the peptide. DFH17 peptide (2 mM, pH 4) was radiolabeled with [18F](AlF)2+ for 15 min at 100 °C in a total volume of 60 μL. As part of the radiolabeling process, parameters such as fluorine-18 activity (~37 and 1480 MBq), concentration of AlCl3 (0.75, 2, 3, 6 or 10 mM) and the effects of hydrophilic organic solvent (aqueous vs ethanol 50%) were studied. The final formulation was tested for purity, identity and stability in saline. Initial in vivo evaluation of [18F]AlF-DFH17 was performed in normal rats by PET/CT. RESULTS The scaled-up production of [18F]AlF-DFH17 was performed in high radiochemical and chemical purities in an overall radiochemical yield of 22-38% (at end-of-synthesis) within 60 min. The final formulation was stable in saline at different radioactive concentrations for 8 h. PET evaluation in rats revealed high lung-to-background ratios and no defluorination in vivo up to 1 h post-injection. CONCLUSION The novel radioconjugate [18F]AlF-DFH17 appears to be a promising PET ligand for pulmonary microcirculation imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Michel Alonso Martinez
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 3H8, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, 2960 chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada; Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - François Harel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, 2960 chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada; Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada; Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Boulevard Edouard Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Quang T Nguyen
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Myriam Létourneau
- Laboratoire D'études Moléculaires et Pharmacologiques des Peptides, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Caroline D'Oliviera-Sousa
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Bernard Meloche
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Vincent Finnerty
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Alain Fournier
- Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Boulevard Edouard Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Dupuis
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 boulevard Edouard Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jean N DaSilva
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 3H8, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, 2960 chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Boulevard Edouard Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.
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13
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Beard R, Singh N, Grundschober C, Gee AD, Tate EW. High-yielding 18F radiosynthesis of a novel oxytocin receptor tracer, a probe for nose-to-brain oxytocin uptake in vivo. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8120-8123. [PMID: 29974895 PMCID: PMC6049614 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01400k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel Al18F labelled peptide tracer for PET imaging of oxytocin receptor has been accessed through a high radiochemical yield approach. This tracer showed comparable affinity and higher selectivity and stability compared to oxytocin, and was used to demonstrate direct nose-to-brain uptake following intranasal administration, a common yet controversial delivery route for oxytocin-based therapeutics.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Brain/diagnostic imaging
- Brain/metabolism
- Female
- Fluorine Radioisotopes
- Half-Life
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring/administration & dosage
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring/chemical synthesis
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring/chemistry
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring/pharmacokinetics
- Male
- Olfactory Bulb/diagnostic imaging
- Olfactory Bulb/metabolism
- Peptides, Cyclic/administration & dosage
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemical synthesis
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacokinetics
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage
- Radiopharmaceuticals/chemical synthesis
- Radiopharmaceuticals/chemistry
- Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Oxytocin/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Beard
- Department of Chemistry
, Imperial College London
, Exhibition Road
,
London
, SW7 2AZ
, UK
.
;
| | - Nisha Singh
- Division of Imaging Sciences
, King's College London
,
4th Floor
, Lambeth Wing
, St Thomas’ Hospital
, London
, SE1 7EH
, UK
.
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences
, IoPPN
, KCL
, De Crespigny Park
,
SE5 8AF
, London
, UK
| | - Christophe Grundschober
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development
, Discovery Neuroscience
, Roche Innovation Center Basel
, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd
,
Grenzacherstrasse 124
, 4070 Basel
, Switzerland
| | - Antony D. Gee
- Division of Imaging Sciences
, King's College London
,
4th Floor
, Lambeth Wing
, St Thomas’ Hospital
, London
, SE1 7EH
, UK
.
| | - Edward W. Tate
- Department of Chemistry
, Imperial College London
, Exhibition Road
,
London
, SW7 2AZ
, UK
.
;
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14
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Kumar K, Ghosh A. 18F-AlF Labeled Peptide and Protein Conjugates as Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Pharmaceuticals. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:953-975. [PMID: 29463084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The clinical applications of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging pharmaceuticals have increased tremendously over the past several years since the approval of 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Numerous 18F-labeled target-specific potential imaging pharmaceuticals, based on small and large molecules, have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. 18F-labeling of organic moieties involves the introduction of the radioisotope by C-18F bond formation via a nucleophilic or an electrophilic substitution reaction. However, biomolecules, such as peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides, cannot be radiolabeled via a C-18F bond formation as these reactions involve harsh conditions, including organic solvents, high temperature, and nonphysiological conditions. Several approaches, including 18F-labeled prosthetic groups, silicon, boron, and aluminum fluoride acceptor chemistry, and click chemistry have been developed, in the past, for 18F labeling of biomolecules. Linear and macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylates and their analogs and derivatives form thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert aluminum chelates. Hence, macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylates have been used for conjugation with biomolecules, such as folate, peptides, affibodies, and protein fragments, followed by 18F-AlF chelation, and evaluation of their targeting abilities in preclinical and clinical environments. The goal of this report is to provide an overview of the 18F radiochemistry and 18F-labeling methodologies for small molecules and target-specific biomolecules, a comprehensive review of coordination chemistry of Al3+, 18F-AlF labeling of peptide and protein conjugates, and evaluation of 18F-labeled biomolecule conjugates as potential imaging pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43212 , United States
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43212 , United States
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15
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Levason W, Luthra SK, McRobbie G, Monzittu FM, Reid G. [AlCl 3(BnMe 2-tacn)] - a new metal chelate scaffold for radiofluorination by Cl/F exchange. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:14519-14522. [PMID: 28835959 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02122d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Radiofluorination of a 2.63 μM solution (pH 4, NaOAc buffer) of [AlCl3(BnMe2-tacn)] via treatment with 2.99 mol. equiv. of [19F]KF doped with cyclotron-produced [18F]F- target water, with heating to 80-100 °C for 1 h, gives up to 24% 18F incorporation. SPE purification of the [Al19F218F(BnMe2-tacn)] radio-product gives >99% RCP, with excellent stability (>99% RCP after 3 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- William Levason
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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16
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Cardinale J, Martin R, Remde Y, Schäfer M, Hienzsch A, Hübner S, Zerges AM, Marx H, Hesse R, Weber K, Smits R, Hoepping A, Müller M, Neels OC, Kopka K. Procedures for the GMP-Compliant Production and Quality Control of [ 18F]PSMA-1007: A Next Generation Radiofluorinated Tracer for the Detection of Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:E77. [PMID: 28953234 PMCID: PMC5748634 DOI: 10.3390/ph10040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled tracers targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have become important radiopharmaceuticals for the PET-imaging of prostate cancer. In this connection, we recently developed the fluorine-18-labelled PSMA-ligand [18F]PSMA-1007 as the next generation radiofluorinated Glu-ureido PSMA inhibitor after [18F]DCFPyL and [18F]DCFBC. Since radiosynthesis so far has been suffering from rather poor yields, novel procedures for the automated radiosyntheses of [18F]PSMA-1007 have been developed. We herein report on both the two-step and the novel one-step procedures, which have been performed on different commonly-used radiosynthesisers. Using the novel one-step procedure, the [18F]PSMA-1007 was produced in good radiochemical yields ranging from 25 to 80% and synthesis times of less than 55 min. Furthermore, upscaling to product activities up to 50 GBq per batch was successfully conducted. All batches passed quality control according to European Pharmacopoeia standards. Therefore, we were able to disclose a new, simple and, at the same time, high yielding production pathway for the next generation PSMA radioligand [18F]PSMA-1007. Actually, it turned out that the radiosynthesis is as easily realised as the well-known [18F]FDG synthesis and, thus, transferable to all currently-available radiosynthesisers. Using the new procedures, the clinical daily routine can be sustainably supported in-house even in larger hospitals by a single production batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Cardinale
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - René Martin
- ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds GmbH, Heinrich-Glaeser-Strasse 10-14, 01454 Radeberg, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Remde
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Schäfer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Antje Hienzsch
- ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds GmbH, Heinrich-Glaeser-Strasse 10-14, 01454 Radeberg, Germany.
| | - Sandra Hübner
- ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds GmbH, Heinrich-Glaeser-Strasse 10-14, 01454 Radeberg, Germany.
| | - Anna-Maria Zerges
- ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds GmbH, Heinrich-Glaeser-Strasse 10-14, 01454 Radeberg, Germany.
| | - Heike Marx
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ronny Hesse
- ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds GmbH, Heinrich-Glaeser-Strasse 10-14, 01454 Radeberg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Weber
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Rene Smits
- ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds GmbH, Heinrich-Glaeser-Strasse 10-14, 01454 Radeberg, Germany.
| | - Alexander Hoepping
- ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds GmbH, Heinrich-Glaeser-Strasse 10-14, 01454 Radeberg, Germany.
| | - Marco Müller
- ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds GmbH, Heinrich-Glaeser-Strasse 10-14, 01454 Radeberg, Germany.
| | - Oliver C Neels
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kopka
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Malik N, Baur B, Winter G, Reske SN, Beer AJ, Solbach C. Radiofluorination of PSMA-HBED via Al(18)F(2+) Chelation and Biological Evaluations In Vitro. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 17:777-85. [PMID: 25869080 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ga-68-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands have been used clinically for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of prostate cancer. However, F-18-labeled compounds offer several advantages, including the potential for delayed imaging, high starting activities enabling multidose preparation, and improved spatial resolution in PET. For F-18 labeling of peptides conjugated with a suitable chelator, a fast and feasible method is the use of [Al(18)F](2+). In the present study, the radiofluorinations of a well-known PSMA ligand Glu-NH-CO-NH-Lys(Ahx)-HBED-CC (PSMA-HBED) via [Al(18)F](2+) were performed with respect to various reaction parameters, along with the biological evaluations in a cell experiment. PROCEDURES [Al(18)F]PSMA-HBED was prepared by adding Na[(18)F]F into a vial containing 0.026 μmol peptide (in 0.05 M NaOAc buffer) and 0.03 μmol AlCl3⋅6H2O (in 0.05 M NaOAc buffer). Then, it was stirred at different temperatures from 1 to 30 min. Afterwards, purification was carried out by solid phase extraction. Biological evaluations were performed in PSMA-positive cell lines LNCaP C4-2, along with a negative control using PC-3 cell lines. RESULTS The best labeling results (81 ± 0.5 %, n = 4) were observed with 0.026 μmol peptide (30 °C, 5 min). For preclinical experiments, the production of [Al(18)F]PSMA-HBED at 35 °C including purification by solid phase extraction (SPE) succeeded within 45 min, resulting in a radiochemical yield of 49 ± 1.2 % (decay-corrected, n = 6, radiochemical purity ≥98 %) at EOS. The labeled peptide revealed serum stability for 4 h as well as a promising binding coefficient (K D) value of 10.3 ± 2.2 nM in cell experiments with PSMA-positive LNCaP C4-2 cells. CONCLUSION An efficient and one-pot method for the radiosynthesis of [Al(18)F]PSMA-HBED was developed (0.26 μmol of precursor at 35 °C). In cell culture studies, the K D suggests [Al(18)F]PSMA-HBED as a potential PSMA ligand for future investigations in vivo and clinical applications afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noeen Malik
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Baur
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gordon Winter
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven N Reske
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ambros J Beer
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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18
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Baur B, Andreolli E, Al-Momani E, Malik N, Machulla HJ, Reske SN, Solbach C. Synthesis and labelling of Df-DUPA-Pep with gallium-68 and zirconium-89 as new PSMA ligands. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Targeted agents are increasingly used for treating cancer and other diseases, but patients may need to be carefully selected to maximize the potential for therapeutic benefit. One way to select patients is to bind an imaging radionuclide to a targeting agent of interest, so that its uptake in specific sites of disease can be visualized by positron-emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography.18F is the most commonly used radionuclide for PET imaging. Its half-life of approximately 2 h is suited for same-day imaging of many compounds that clear quickly from the body to allow visualization of uptake in the intended target. A significant impediment to its use, however, is the challenging coupling of 18F to a carbon atom of the targeting agent. Because fluorine binds to aluminum, we developed a procedure where the Al18F complex could be captured by a chelate, thereby greatly simplifying the way that imaging agents can be fluorinated for PET imaging. This article reviews our experience with this technology.
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