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Chakraborty S, Chatterjee S, Chakravarty R, Sarma HD, Nanabala R, Goswami D, Joy A, Pillai MRA. Synthesis, Quality Control, and Bench-to-Bed Translation of a New [ 68Ga]Ga-Labeled NOTA-Conjugated Bisphosphonate for Imaging Skeletal Metastases by Positron Emission Tomography. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2024; 39:92-101. [PMID: 38335449 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2023.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Early detection of skeletal metastasis is of great interest to determine the prognosis of cancer. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging provides a better temporal and spectral resolution than single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) imaging, and hence is more suitable to detect small metastatic lesions. Although [18F]NaF has been approved by U.S. FDA for a similar purpose, requirement of a medical cyclotron for its regular formulation restricts its extensive utilization. Efforts have been made to find suitable alternative molecules that can be labeled with 68Ga and used in PET-CT imaging. Objective: The main objective of this study is to synthesize and evaluate a new [68Ga]Ga-labeled NOTA-conjugated geminal bisphosphonate for its potential use in early detection of skeletal metastases using PET-CT. Methods: The authors performed a multistep synthesis of a new NOTA-conjugated bisphosphonic acid using thiourea linker and radiolabeled the molecule with 68Ga. The radiolabeled formulation was evaluated for its in vitro stability, affinity for hydroxyapatite (HA) particles, preclinical biodistribution in animal models, and PET-CT imaging in patients. Results: The bifunctional chelator (NOTA)-conjugated bisphosphonate was synthesized with 97.8% purity and radiolabeled with 68Ga in high yield (>98%). The radiolabeled formulation was found to retain its stability in vitro to the extent of >95% up to 4 h in physiological saline and human serum. The formulation also showed high affinity for HA particles in vitro with Kd = 907 ± 14 mL/g. Preclinical biodistribution studies in normal Wistar rats demonstrated rapid and almost exclusive skeletal accumulation of the complex. PET-CT imaging in a patient confirmed its ability to detect small metastatic skeletal lesions. Conclusions: The newly synthesized [68Ga]Ga-labeled NOTA-conjugated bisphosphonate is a promising radiotracer for PET-CT imaging for skeletal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Sucheta Chatterjee
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Bio Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Haldhar D Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | | | - Dibakar Goswami
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Bio Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Ajith Joy
- Molecular Group of Companies, Ernakulam, India
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Operational nuclear research reactors in the Asia-Pacific with potential for medical radionuclide production. Nucl Med Commun 2023; 44:227-243. [PMID: 36808108 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Personalised cancer treatment is of growing importance and can be achieved via targeted radionuclide therapy. Radionuclides with theranostic properties are proving to be clinically effective and are widely used because diagnostic imaging and therapy can be accomplished using a single formulation that avoids additional procedures and unnecessary radiation burden to the patient. For diagnostic imaging, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) is used to obtain functional information noninvasively by detecting the gamma (γ) rays emitted from the radionuclide. For therapeutics, high linear energy transfer (LET) radiations such as alpha (α), beta (β - ) or Auger electrons are used to kill cancerous cells in close proximity, whereas sparing the normal tissues surrounding the malignant tumour cells. One of the most important factors that lead to the sustainable development of nuclear medicine is the availability of functional radiopharmaceuticals. Nuclear research reactors play a vital role in the production of medical radionuclides for incorporation into clinical radiopharmaceuticals. The disruption of medical radionuclide supplies in recent years has highlighted the importance of ongoing research reactor operation. This article reviews the current status of operational nuclear research reactors in the Asia-Pacific region that have the potential for medical radionuclide production. It also discusses the different types of nuclear research reactors, their operating power, and the effects of thermal neutron flux in producing desirable radionuclides with high specific activity for clinical applications.
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Chakraborty S, Shetty P, Chakravarty R, Vimalnath KV, Kumar C, Sarma HD, Vatsa R, Shukla J, Mittal BR, Dash A. Formulation of ‘ready-to-use’ human clinical doses of 177Lu-labeled bisphosphonate amide of DOTA using moderate specific activity 177Lu and its preliminary evaluation in human patient. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2019-3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Radiolabeled macrocyclic bisphosphonate ligands have recently been demonstrated to be highly efficacious in treatment of patients with painful bone metastases. Herein, we report a robust protocol for formulation of therapeutically relevant doses of 177Lu-labeled bisphosphonate amide of DOTA (BPAMD) using moderate specific activity 177Lu produced by direct (n,γ) route and its preliminary investigation in human patients. Doses (2.8 ± 0.2 GBq) were formulated with high radiochemical purity (98.3 ± 0.4 %) using a protocol optimized after extensive radiochemical studies. In vitro binding studies with mineralized osteosarcoma cells demonstrated specific binding of the radiotracer. Biodistribution studies in healthy Wistar rats demonstrated rapid skeletal accumulation with fast clearance from the non-target organs. In a patient administered with 555 MBq dose of 177Lu-BPAMD, intense radiotracer uptake was observed in the metastatic skeletal lesions with insignificant uptake in any other major non-targeted organs. Preliminary clinical investigations carried out after administration of 2.6 GBq of 177Lu-BPAMD revealed significant reduction in pain after 1 week without any adverse effects. The developed protocol for formulation of 177Lu-BPAMD doses using moderate specific activity carrier added 177Lu has been found to be effective and warrants wider investigations in patients with painful skeletal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai – 400085 , India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute , Anushaktinagar, Mumbai – 400094 , India
| | - Priyalata Shetty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai – 400085 , India
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai – 400085 , India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute , Anushaktinagar, Mumbai – 400094 , India
| | - K. V. Vimalnath
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai – 400085 , India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai – 400085 , India
| | - H. D. Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai – 400085 , India
| | - Rakhee Vatsa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chadigarh – 160012 , India
| | - Jaya Shukla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chadigarh – 160012 , India
| | - B. R. Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chadigarh – 160012 , India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai – 400085 , India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute , Anushaktinagar, Mumbai – 400094 , India
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Dash A, Das T, Knapp FFR. Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Painful Bone Metastases: Past Developments, Current Status, Recent Advances and Future Directions. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:3187-3249. [PMID: 30714520 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190201142814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone pain arising from secondary skeletal malignancy constitutes one of the most common types of chronic pain among patients with cancer which can lead to rapid deterioration of the quality of life. Radionuclide therapy using bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals based on the concept of localization of the agent at bone metastases sites to deliver focal cytotoxic levels of radiation emerged as an effective treatment modality for the palliation of symptomatic bone metastases. Bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals not only provide palliative benefit but also improve clinical outcomes in terms of overall and progression-free survival. There is a steadily expanding list of therapeutic radionuclides which are used or can potentially be used in either ionic form or in combination with carrier molecules for the management of bone metastases. This article offers a narrative review of the armamentarium of bone-targeting radiopharmaceuticals based on currently approved investigational and potentially useful radionuclides and examines their efficacy for the treatment of painful skeletal metastases. In addition, the article also highlights the processes, opportunities, and challenges involved in the development of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. Radium-223 is the first agent in this class to show an overall survival advantage in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) patients with bone metastases. This review summarizes recent advances, current clinical practice using radiopharmaceuticals for bone pain palliation, and the expected future prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Tapas Das
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Furn F Russ Knapp
- Medical Isotopes Program, Isotope Development Group, MS 6229, Bldg. 4501, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
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Vimalnath KV, Rajeswari A, Sarma HD, Dash A, Chakraborty S. Ce-141-labeled DOTMP: A theranostic option in management of pain due to skeletal metastases. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:178-189. [PMID: 30663098 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its favorable radioactive decay characteristics (T1/2 = 32.51 d, Eβ [max] = 434.6 keV [70.5%] and 580.0 keV [29.5%], Eγ = 145.4 keV [48.5%]), 141 Ce could be envisaged as a theranostic radionuclide for use in nuclear medicine. The present article reports synthesis and evaluation of 141 Ce complex of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetramethylenephosphonic acid (DOTMP) as a potent theranostic agent targeting metastatic skeletal lesions. Ce-141 was produced with 314 ± 29 MBq/mg (n = 6) specific activity and >99.9% radionuclidic purity (n = 6). Around 185 MBq dose of [141 Ce]Ce-DOTMP was synthesized with 98.6 ± 0.5% (n = 4) radiochemical yield under optimized conditions of reaction, and the preparation showed adequately high in vitro stability. Biodistribution studies in normal Wistar rats demonstrated significant skeletal localization and retention of injected activity (2.73 ± 0.28% and 2.63 ± 0.22% of injected activity per gram in femur at 3 hours and 14 days post-injection, respectively) with rapid clearance from non-target organs. The results of biodistribution studies were corroborated by serial scintigraphic imaging studies. These results demonstrate the potential utility of 141 Ce-DOTMP as a theranostic molecule for personalized patient care of cancer patients suffering from painful metastatic skeletal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Vimalnath
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ardhi Rajeswari
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Haladhar Dev Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Chakraborty S, Goswami D, Chakravarty R, Mohammed SK, Sarma HD, Dash A. Syntheses and evaluation of 68
Ga- and 153
Sm-labeled DOTA-conjugated bisphosphonate ligand for potential use in detection of skeletal metastases and management of pain arising from skeletal metastases. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1618-1626. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC); Trombay, Mumbai Maharashtra India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute; Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Dibakar Goswami
- Homi Bhabha National Institute; Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai Maharashtra India
- Bio Organic Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC); Trombay, Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC); Trombay, Mumbai Maharashtra India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute; Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Sahiralam Khan Mohammed
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC); Trombay, Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Haladhar Deb Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC); Trombay, Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC); Trombay, Mumbai Maharashtra India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute; Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai Maharashtra India
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