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Zhou M, Li J, Wu J, Yang Y, Zeng X, Lv X, Cui L, Yao W, Liu Y. Preventive effects of Polygonum multiflorum on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2445-2460. [PMID: 28962180 PMCID: PMC5609219 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In Traditional Chinese Medicine, Polygonum multiflorum (PM) is known for its anti-aging properties. A previous study by our group showed that extracts of PM were able to prevent and treat bone loss in vivo, and the active components emodin and 2,3,5,4,-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside (TSG) promoted the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. The aim of the present study was to investigate the preventive effects of PM on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) in rats. A crude extract of PM was prepared with 75% ethanol, purified and enriched using a D-101 macroresin column and elution with 30% ethanol, and the material obtained was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Male or female Sprague Dawley rats (n=180) were randomly divided into nine groups: Control, prednisone, prednisone plus calcitriol (CAL), prednisone plus 30% ethanolic eluate of PM [high (H), medium (M) and low (L) dose] and prednisone plus crude extract of PM (H, M and L dose). Prednisone was orally administered to the osteoporosis model rats for 21 weeks, alongside which they received PM extracts. The weight of the viscera, anterior tibial muscle and other tissues was recorded at the end of the experiment. The femur and lumbar vertebra were collected for the measurement of three-dimensional microarchitecture by micro-computed tomography scanning, assessment of biomechanical properties and determination of bone mineral density (BMD). In the 30% ethanolic eluate of the PM extract, the content of TSG and combined anthraquinone was 9.20 and 0.15%, respectively, and that in the crude extract of PM was 2.23 and 0.03%, respectively. Over 6 weeks, the weight of the rats the in prednisone group decreased (P<0.05), while the weight of rats treated with M and H doses of 30% ethanolic eluate was increased compared with that in the prednisone group (P<0.05). Rats exposed to prednisone exhibited a deteriorated bone microarchitecture, low BMD, decreased bone volume/total volume and poor biomechanical properties. Furthermore, the weight of the adrenal gland and the anterior tibial muscle was decreased. 30% ethanolic eluate of PM at M and L doses and crude extract of PM at the H dose counteracted the alterations of skeletal and other characteristics induced by prednisone in rats, as did CAL. In conclusion, extracts of PM exerted a protective effect on bone tissue in GIO rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manru Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Jingkai Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Liao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Yuyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
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Zhang Z, Ren H, Shen G, Qiu T, Liang D, Yang Z, Yao Z, Tang J, Jiang X, Wei Q. Animal models for glucocorticoid-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis: An updated review. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:438-446. [PMID: 27685786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis is a severe osteoporosis, with high risk of major osteoporotic fractures. This severe osteoporosis urges more extensive and deeper basic study, in which suitable animal models are indispensable. However, no relevant review is available introducing this model systematically. Based on the recent studies on GI-PMOP, this brief review introduces the GI-PMOP animal model in terms of its establishment, evaluation of bone mass and discuss its molecular mechanism. Rat, rabbit and sheep with their respective merits were chosen. Both direct and indirect evaluation of bone mass help to understand the bone metabolism under different intervention. The crucial signaling pathways, miRNAs, osteogenic- or adipogenic- related factors and estrogen level may be the predominant contributors to the development of glucocorticoid-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhida Zhang
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Hui Ren
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Gengyang Shen
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - De Liang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhidong Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhensong Yao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jingjing Tang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Laboratory Affiliated to National Key Discipline of Orthopaedic and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Qiushi Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
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Evans BAJ, James TW, James K, Cox A, Farr L, Paisey SJ, Dempster DW, Stone MD, Griffiths PA, Hugtenburg RP, Brady SM, Wells T. Preclinical assessment of a new magnetic resonance-based technique for determining bone quality by characterization of trabecular microarchitecture. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 95:506-20. [PMID: 25380571 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9922-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The utility of HR-CT to study longitudinal changes in bone microarchitecture is limited by subject radiation exposure. Although MR is not subject to this limitation, it is limited both by patient movement that occurs during prolonged scanning at distal sites, and by the signal-to-noise ratio that is achievable for high-resolution images in a reasonable scan time at proximal sites. Recently, a novel MR-based technique, fine structure analysis (FSA) (Chase et al. Localised one-dimensional magnetic resonance spatial frequency spectroscopy. PCT/US2012/068284 2012, James and Chase Magnetic field gradient structure characteristic assessment using one-dimensional (1D) spatial frequency distribution analysis. 7932720 B2, 2011) has been developed which provides both high-resolution and fast scan times, but which generates at a designated set of spatial positions (voxels) a one-dimensional signal of spatial frequencies. Appendix 1 provides a brief introduction to FSA. This article describes an initial exploration of FSA for the rapid, non-invasive characterization of trabecular microarchitecture in a preclinical setting. For L4 vertebrae of sham and ovariectomized (OVX) rats, we compared FSA-generated metrics with those from CT datasets and from CT-derived histomorphometry parameters, trabecular number (Tb.N), bone volume density (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). OVX caused a reduction of the higher frequency structures that correspond to a denser trabecular lattice, while increasing the preponderance of lower frequency structures, which correspond to a more open lattice. As one example measure, the centroid of the FSA spectrum (which we refer to as fSAcB) showed strong correlation in the same region with CT-derived histomorphometry values: Tb.Sp: r -0.63, p < 0.001; Tb.N: r 0.71, p < 0.001; BV/TV: r 0.64, p < 0.001, Tb.Th: r 0.44, p < 0.05. Furthermore, we found a 17.5% reduction in fSAcB in OVX rats (p < 0.0001). In a longitudinal study, FSA showed that the age-related increase in higher frequency structures was abolished in OVX rats, being replaced with a 78-194% increase in lower frequency structures (2.4-2.8 objects/mm range), indicating a more sparse trabecular lattice (p < 0.05). The MR-based fine structure analysis enables high-resolution, radiation-free, rapid quantification of bone structures in one dimension (the specific point and direction being chosen by the clinician) of the spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A J Evans
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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