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Meienberg F, Loher H, Bucher J, Jenni S, Krüsi M, Kreis R, Boesch C, Betz MJ, Christ E. The effect of exercise on intramyocellular acetylcarnitine (AcCtn) concentration in adult growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Sci Rep 2019; 9:19431. [PMID: 31857652 PMCID: PMC6923484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To cover increasing energy demands during exercise, tricarboxylic cycle (TCA) flux in skeletal muscle is markedly increased, resulting in the increased formation of intramyocellular acetylcarnitine (AcCtn). We hypothesized that reduced substrate availability within the exercising muscle, reflected by a diminished increase of intramyocellular AcCtn concentration during exercise, might be an underlying mechanism for the impaired exercise performance observed in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). We aimed at assessing the effect of 2 hours of moderately intense exercise on intramyocellular AcCtn concentrations, measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), in seven adults with GHD compared to seven matched control subjects (CS). Compared to baseline levels AcCtn concentrations significantly increased after 2 hours of exercise, and significantly decreased over the following 24 hours (ANOVA p for effect of time = 0.0023 for all study participants; p = 0.067 for GHD only, p = 0.045 for CS only). AcCtn concentrations at baseline, as well as changes in AcCtn concentrations over time were similar between GHD patients and CS (ANOVA p for group effect = 0.45). There was no interaction between group and time (p = 0.53). Our study suggests that during moderately intense exercise the availability of energy substrate within the exercising muscle is not significantly different in GHD patients compared to CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Meienberg
- Endocrinology & Diabetology, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Loher
- Innere Medizin, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Jenni
- Praxis Endokrinologie Diabetologie Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marion Krüsi
- Praxis Endokrinologie & Diabetologie, Zürich Unterland, Embrach, Switzerland
| | - Roland Kreis
- Departments of Biomedical Research and Radiology, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chris Boesch
- Departments of Biomedical Research and Radiology, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Johannes Betz
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Christ
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Ofori EK, Conde Alonso S, Correas-Gomez L, Carnero EA, Zwygart K, Hugues H, Bardy D, Hans D, Dwyer AA, Amati F. Thigh and abdominal adipose tissue depot associations with testosterone levels in postmenopausal females. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 90:433-439. [PMID: 30575083 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research findings on the relationship between serum androgens and adipose tissue in older females are inconsistent. We aimed to clarify the relationship using state-of-the-art techniques to evaluate associations between body fat distribution and plasma testosterone (T) levels in older postmenopausal women. DESIGN Observational, cross-sectional study of healthy, community dwelling postmenopausal women. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Postmenopausal women (60-80 years old) were included in this study. Overall body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Abdominal and thigh fat depots were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Circulating T concentrations were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Thirty-five women (66.6 ± 0.8 years) participated in this study. T levels were positively associated with clinical proxy measures of adiposity including weight (ρ = 0.39), BMI (ρ = 0.43) and waist circumference (ρ = 0.39) (all P < 0.05). Fat mass and % body fat were correlated with T levels (ρ = 0.42 and 0.38 respectively, both P < 0.05). T correlated with overall and superficial abdominal fat (ρ = 0.34 and 0.37 respectively, both P < 0.05) but not with visceral adipose tissue. T increased with greater thigh fat (ρ = 0.49, P < 0.05) in both superficial and deep depots (ρ = 0.50 and 0.35 respectively, both P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that postmenopausal women with higher circulating T levels have both higher regional and overall body adiposity. These findings underscore the sexual dimorphism in the relationship between serum androgen levels and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel K Ofori
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Conde Alonso
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorena Correas-Gomez
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elvis A Carnero
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karin Zwygart
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Methodology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Henry Hugues
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bardy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Hans
- Center for Bone Diseases, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrew A Dwyer
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francesca Amati
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Loher H, Jenni S, Bucher J, Krüsi M, Kreis R, Boesch C, Christ E. Impaired repletion of intramyocellular lipids in patients with growth hormone deficiency after a bout of aerobic exercise. Growth Horm IGF Res 2018; 42-43:32-39. [PMID: 30153529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectopic lipids such as intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) are depleted by exercise and repleted by diet, whereas intrahepatocellular lipids (IHCL) are increased immediately after exercise. So far, it is unclear how ectopic lipids behave 24 h after exercise and whether the lack of growth hormone (GH) significantly affects ectopic lipids 24 h after exercise. METHODS Seven male patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and seven sedentary male control subjects (CS) were included. VO2max was assessed by spiroergometry; visceral and subcutaneous fat by whole body MRI. 1H-MR-spectroscopy was performed in M. vastus intermedius and in the liver before and after 2 h of exercise at 50% VO2max and 24 h thereafter, while diet and physical activity were standardized. RESULTS Sedentary male subjects (7 GHD, 7 CS) were recruited. Age, BMI, waist circumference, visceral and subcutaneous fat mass was not significantly different between GHD and CS. VO2max was significantly lower in GHD vs. CS. IMCL were diminished through aerobic exercise in both groups: (-11.5 ± 21.9% in CS; -8.9% ±19.1% in GHD) and restored after 24 h in CS (-5.5 ± 26.6% compared to baseline) but not in GHD (-17.9 ± 15.3%). IHCL increased immediately after exercise and decreased to baseline within 24 h. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that GHD may affect repletion of IMCL 24 h after aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Loher
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Jenni
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; EndoDia Praxis, Biel, Switzerland
| | - Julie Bucher
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; EndoDia Praxis, Biel, Switzerland
| | - Marion Krüsi
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Kreis
- Department of Biomedical Research & Institute of Interventional, Diagnostic and Pediatric Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chris Boesch
- Department of Biomedical Research & Institute of Interventional, Diagnostic and Pediatric Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Christ
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Zueger T, Loher H, Egger A, Boesch C, Christ E. Regulation of fuel metabolism during exercise in hypopituitarism with growth hormone-deficiency (GHD). Growth Horm IGF Res 2016; 29:39-44. [PMID: 27084998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growth hormone (GH) has a strong lipolytic action and its secretion is increased during exercise. Data on fuel metabolism and its hormonal regulation during prolonged exercise in patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is scarce. This study aimed at evaluating the hormonal and metabolic response during aerobic exercise in GHD patients. DESIGN Ten patients with confirmed GHD and 10 healthy control individuals (CI) matched for age, sex, BMI, and waist performed a spiroergometric test to determine exercise capacity (VO2max). Throughout a subsequent 120-minute exercise on an ergometer at 50% of individual VO2max free fatty acids (FFA), glucose, GH, cortisol, catecholamines and insulin were measured. Additionally substrate oxidation assessed by indirect calorimetry was determined at begin and end of exercise. RESULTS Exercise capacity was lower in GHD compared to CI (VO2max 35.5±7.4 vs 41.5±5.5ml/min∗kg, p=0.05). GH area under the curve (AUC-GH), peak-GH and peak-FFA were lower in GHD patients during exercise compared to CI (AUC-GH 100±93.2 vs 908.6±623.7ng∗min/ml, p<0.001; peak-GH 1.5±1.53 vs 12.57±9.36ng/ml, p<0.001, peak-FFA 1.01±0.43 vs 1.51±0.56mmol/l, p=0.036, respectively). There were no significant differences for insulin, cortisol, catecholamines and glucose. Fat oxidation at the end of exercise was higher in CI compared to GHD patients (295.7±73.9 vs 187.82±103.8kcal/h, p=0.025). CONCLUSION A reduced availability of FFA during a 2-hour aerobic exercise and a reduced fat oxidation at the end of exercise may contribute to the decreased exercise capacity in GHD patients. Catecholamines and cortisol do not compensate for the lack of the lipolytic action of GH in patients with GHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zueger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Loher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Egger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chris Boesch
- Department of Clinical Research & Institute of Interventional, Diagnostic and Pediatric Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Christ
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland.
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Seif M, Eisenberger U, Binser T, Thoeny HC, Krauer F, Rusch A, Boesch C, Vogt B, Vermathen P. Renal Blood Oxygenation Level–dependent Imaging in Longitudinal Follow-up of Donated and Remaining Kidneys. Radiology 2016; 279:795-804. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015150370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Christ ER, Egger A, Allemann S, Buehler T, Kreis R, Boesch C. Effects of aerobic exercise on ectopic lipids in patients with growth hormone deficiency before and after growth hormone replacement therapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19310. [PMID: 26792091 PMCID: PMC4726290 DOI: 10.1038/srep19310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) increases exercise capacity and insulin resistance while it decreases fat mass in growth hormone-deficient patients (GHD). Ectopic lipids (intramyocellular (IMCL) and intrahepatocellular lipids (IHCL) are related to insulin resistance. The effect of GHRT on ectopic lipids is unknown. It is hypothesized that exercise-induced utilization of ectopic lipids is significantly decreased in GHD patients and normalized by GHRT. GHD (4 females, 6 males) and age/gender/waist-matched control subjects (CS) were studied. VO2max was assessed on a treadmill and insulin sensitivity determined by a two-step hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) fat were quantified by MR-imaging. IHCL and IMCL were measured before and after a 2 h exercise at 50-60% of VO2max using MR-spectroscopy (∆IMCL, ∆IHCL). Identical investigations were performed after 6 months of GHRT. VO2max was similar in GHD and CS and significantly increased after GHRT; GHRT significantly decreased SAT and VAT. 2 h-exercise resulted in a decrease in IMCL (significant in CS and GHRT) and a significant increase in IHCL in CS and GHD pre and post GHRT. GHRT didn't significantly impact on ∆IMCL and ∆IHCL. We conclude that aerobic exercise affects ectopic lipids in patients and controls. GHRT increases exercise capacity without influencing ectopic lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel R Christ
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Egger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabin Allemann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tania Buehler
- Department of Clinical Research, Division of MR-Spectroscopy and Methodology, University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Kreis
- Department of Clinical Research, Division of MR-Spectroscopy and Methodology, University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chris Boesch
- Department of Clinical Research, Division of MR-Spectroscopy and Methodology, University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Egger A, Kreis R, Allemann S, Stettler C, Diem P, Buehler T, Boesch C, Christ ER. The effect of aerobic exercise on intrahepatocellular and intramyocellular lipids in healthy subjects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70865. [PMID: 23967125 PMCID: PMC3743875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatocellular (IHCL) and intramyocellular (IMCL) lipids are ectopic lipid stores. Aerobic exercise results in IMCL utilization in subjects over a broad range of exercise capacity. IMCL and IHCL have been related to impaired insulin action at the skeletal muscle and hepatic level, respectively. The acute effect of aerobic exercise on IHCL is unknown. Possible regulatory factors include exercise capacity, insulin sensitivity and fat availability subcutaneous and visceral fat mass). AIM To concomitantly investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on IHCL and IMCL in healthy subjects, using Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. METHODS Normal weight, healthy subjects were included. Visit 1 consisted of a determination of VO2max on a treadmill. Visit 2 comprised the assessment of hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity by a two-step hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp. At Visit 3, subcutaneous and visceral fat mass were assessed by whole body MRI, IHCL and IMCL before and after a 2-hours aerobic exercise (50% of VO(2max)) using ¹H-MR-spectroscopy. RESULTS Eighteen volunteers (12M, 6F) were enrolled in the study (age, 37.6±3.2 years, mean±SEM; VO(2max), 53.4±2.9 mL/kg/min). Two hours aerobic exercise resulted in a significant decrease in IMCL (-22.6±3.3, % from baseline) and increase in IHCL (+34.9±7.6, % from baseline). There was no significant correlation between the exercise-induced changes in IMCL and IHCL and exercise capacity, subcutaneous and visceral fat mass and hepatic or peripheral insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS IMCL and IHCL are flexible ectopic lipid stores that are acutely influenced by physical exercise, albeit in different directions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov NCT00491582.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Egger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Kreis
- Department of Clinical Research, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Methodology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabin Allemann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Stettler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Diem
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tania Buehler
- Department of Clinical Research, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Methodology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chris Boesch
- Department of Clinical Research, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Methodology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel R. Christ
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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