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He X, Hu Z, Dev H, Romano DJ, Sharbatdaran A, Raza SI, Wang SJ, Teichman K, Shih G, Chevalier JM, Shimonov D, Blumenfeld JD, Goel A, Sabuncu MR, Prince MR. Test Retest Reproducibility of Organ Volume Measurements in ADPKD Using 3D Multimodality Deep Learning. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:889-899. [PMID: 37798206 PMCID: PMC10957335 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Following autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) progression by measuring organ volumes requires low measurement variability. The objective of this study is to reduce organ volume measurement variability on MRI of ADPKD patients by utilizing all pulse sequences to obtain multiple measurements which allows outlier analysis to find errors and averaging to reduce variability. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to make measurements on multiple pulse sequences practical, a 3D multi-modality multi-class segmentation model based on nnU-net was trained/validated using T1, T2, SSFP, DWI and CT from 413 subjects. Reproducibility was assessed with test-re-test methodology on ADPKD subjects (n = 19) scanned twice within a 3-week interval correcting outliers and averaging the measurements across all sequences. Absolute percent differences in organ volumes were compared to paired students t-test. RESULTS Dice similarlity coefficient > 97%, Jaccard Index > 0.94, mean surface distance < 1 mm and mean Hausdorff Distance < 2 cm for all three organs and all five sequences were found on internal (n = 25), external (n = 37) and test-re-test reproducibility assessment (38 scans in 19 subjects). When averaging volumes measured from five MRI sequences, the model automatically segmented kidneys with test-re-test reproducibility (percent absolute difference between exam 1 and exam 2) of 1.3% which was better than all five expert observers. It reliably stratified ADPKD into Mayo Imaging Classification (area under the curve=100%) compared to radiologist. CONCLUSION 3D deep learning measures organ volumes on five MRI sequences leveraging the power of outlier analysis and averaging to achieve 1.3% total kidney test-re-test reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzi He
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University and Cornell Tech, New York, New York (X.H., R.S.); Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.H., Z.H., H.D., D.J.R., A.S., S.I.R., S.J.W., K.T., G.S., A.G., R.S., M.R.P.)
| | - Zhongxiu Hu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.H., Z.H., H.D., D.J.R., A.S., S.I.R., S.J.W., K.T., G.S., A.G., R.S., M.R.P.)
| | - Hreedi Dev
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.H., Z.H., H.D., D.J.R., A.S., S.I.R., S.J.W., K.T., G.S., A.G., R.S., M.R.P.)
| | - Dominick J Romano
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.H., Z.H., H.D., D.J.R., A.S., S.I.R., S.J.W., K.T., G.S., A.G., R.S., M.R.P.)
| | - Arman Sharbatdaran
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.H., Z.H., H.D., D.J.R., A.S., S.I.R., S.J.W., K.T., G.S., A.G., R.S., M.R.P.)
| | - Syed I Raza
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.H., Z.H., H.D., D.J.R., A.S., S.I.R., S.J.W., K.T., G.S., A.G., R.S., M.R.P.)
| | - Sophie J Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.H., Z.H., H.D., D.J.R., A.S., S.I.R., S.J.W., K.T., G.S., A.G., R.S., M.R.P.)
| | - Kurt Teichman
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.H., Z.H., H.D., D.J.R., A.S., S.I.R., S.J.W., K.T., G.S., A.G., R.S., M.R.P.)
| | - George Shih
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.H., Z.H., H.D., D.J.R., A.S., S.I.R., S.J.W., K.T., G.S., A.G., R.S., M.R.P.)
| | - James M Chevalier
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (J.M.C., D.S., J.D.B.); The Rogosin Institute, New York, New York (J.M.C., D.S., J.D.B.)
| | - Daniil Shimonov
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (J.M.C., D.S., J.D.B.); The Rogosin Institute, New York, New York (J.M.C., D.S., J.D.B.)
| | - Jon D Blumenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (J.M.C., D.S., J.D.B.); The Rogosin Institute, New York, New York (J.M.C., D.S., J.D.B.)
| | - Akshay Goel
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.H., Z.H., H.D., D.J.R., A.S., S.I.R., S.J.W., K.T., G.S., A.G., R.S., M.R.P.)
| | - Mert R Sabuncu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University and Cornell Tech, New York, New York (X.H., R.S.); Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.H., Z.H., H.D., D.J.R., A.S., S.I.R., S.J.W., K.T., G.S., A.G., R.S., M.R.P.)
| | - Martin R Prince
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.H., Z.H., H.D., D.J.R., A.S., S.I.R., S.J.W., K.T., G.S., A.G., R.S., M.R.P.); Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York (M.R.P.).
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Righini M, Mancini R, Busutti M, Buscaroli A. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Extrarenal Involvement. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2554. [PMID: 38473800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disorder, but kidneys are not the only organs involved in this systemic disorder. Individuals with the condition may display additional manifestations beyond the renal system, involving the liver, pancreas, and brain in the context of cystic manifestations, while involving the vascular system, gastrointestinal tract, bones, and cardiac valves in the context of non-cystic manifestations. Despite kidney involvement remaining the main feature of the disease, thanks to longer survival, early diagnosis, and better management of kidney-related problems, a new wave of complications must be faced by clinicians who treated patients with ADPKD. Involvement of the liver represents the most prevalent extrarenal manifestation and has growing importance in the symptom burden and quality of life. Vascular abnormalities are a key factor for patients' life expectancy and there is still debate whether to screen or not to screen all patients. Arterial hypertension is often the earliest onset symptom among ADPKD patients, leading to frequent cardiovascular complications. Although cardiac valvular abnormalities are a frequent complication, they rarely lead to relevant problems in the clinical history of polycystic patients. One of the newest relevant aspects concerns bone disorders that can exert a considerable influence on the clinical course of these patients. This review aims to provide the "state of the art" among the extrarenal manifestation of ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Righini
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Santa Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raul Mancini
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Busutti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Buscaroli
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Santa Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
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Caroli A, Kline TL. Abdominal Imaging in ADPKD: Beyond Total Kidney Volume. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5133. [PMID: 37568535 PMCID: PMC10420262 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), measurement of the total kidney volume (TKV) is crucial. It acts as a marker for tracking disease progression, and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment strategies. The TKV has also been recognized as an enrichment biomarker and a possible surrogate endpoint in clinical trials. Several imaging modalities and methods are available to calculate the TKV, and the choice depends on the purpose of use. Technological advancements have made it possible to accurately assess the cyst burden, which can be crucial to assessing the disease state and helping to identify rapid progressors. Moreover, the development of automated algorithms has increased the efficiency of total kidney and cyst volume measurements. Beyond these measurements, the quantification and characterization of non-cystic kidney tissue shows potential for stratifying ADPKD patients early on, monitoring disease progression, and possibly predicting renal function loss. A broad spectrum of radiological imaging techniques are available to characterize the kidney tissue, showing promise when it comes to non-invasively picking up the early signs of ADPKD progression. Radiomics have been used to extract textural features from ADPKD images, providing valuable information about the heterogeneity of the cystic and non-cystic components. This review provides an overview of ADPKD imaging biomarkers, focusing on the quantification methods, potential, and necessary steps toward a successful translation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caroli
- Bioengineering Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 24020 Ranica, BG, Italy
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Liu J, Yin X, Dev H, Luo X, Blumenfeld JD, Rennert H, Prince MR. Pleural Effusions on MRI in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:386. [PMID: 36615184 PMCID: PMC9820892 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) has cystic fluid accumulations in the kidneys, liver, pancreas, arachnoid spaces as well as non-cystic fluid accumulations including pericardial effusions, dural ectasia and free fluid in the male pelvis. Here, we investigate the possible association of ADPKD with pleural effusion. ADPKD subjects (n = 268) and age-gender matched controls without ADPKD (n = 268) undergoing body magnetic resonance imaging from mid-thorax down into the pelvis were independently evaluated for pleural effusion by 3 blinded expert observers. Subjects with conditions associated with pleural effusion were excluded from both populations. Clinical and laboratory data as well as kidney, liver and spleen volume, pleural fluid volume, free pelvic fluid and polycystic kidney disease genotype were evaluated. Pleural effusions were observed in 56 of 268 (21%) ADPKD subjects compared with 21 of 268 (8%) in controls (p < 0.0001). In a subpopulation controlling for renal function by matching estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 28 of 110 (25%) ADPKD subjects had pleural effusions compared to 5 of 110 (5%) controls (p < 0.001). Pleural effusions in ADPKD subjects were more prevalent in females (37/141; 26%) than males (19/127,15%; p = 0.02) and in males were weakly correlated with the presence of free pelvic fluid (r = 0.24, p = 0.02). ADPKD subjects with pleural effusions were younger (48 ± 14 years old vs. 43 ± 14 years old) and weighed less (77 vs. 70 kg; p ≤ 0.02) than those without pleural effusions. For ADPKD subjects with pleural effusions, the mean volume of fluid layering dependently in the posterior−inferior thorax was 19 mL and was not considered to be clinically significant. Pleural effusion is associated with ADPKD, but its role in the pathogenesis of ADPKD requires further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Xiaorui Yin
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hreedi Dev
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xianfu Luo
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jon D. Blumenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The Rogosin Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hanna Rennert
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Martin R. Prince
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Shi WH, Zhou ZY, Ye MJ, Qin NX, Jiang ZR, Zhou XY, Xu NX, Cao XL, Chen SC, Huang HF, Xu CM. Sperm morphological abnormalities in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease are associated with the Hippo signaling pathway via PC1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1130536. [PMID: 37152951 PMCID: PMC10155925 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1130536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a hereditary kidney disorder mostly caused by mutations in PKD1 or PKD2 genes. Here, we report thirteen ADPKD males with infertility and investigated the sperm morphological defects associated with PC1 disruption. Methods Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed to detect PKD1 variants in patients. Sperm morphology was observed by immunostaining and transmission electron microscopy, and the sperm motility was assessed using the computer-assisted sperm analysis system. The Hippo signaling pathway was analyzed with by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting in vitro. Results The ADPKD patients were infertile and their sperm tails showed morphological abnormalities, including coiled flagella, absent central microtubules, and irregular peripheral doublets. In addition, the length of sperm flagella was shorter in patients than in controls of in in. In vitro, ciliogenesis was impaired in Pkd1-depleted mouse kidney tubule cells. The absence of PC1 resulted in a reduction of MST1 and LATS1, leading to nuclear accumulation of YAP/TAZ and consequently increased transcription of Aurka. which might promote HDAC6-mediated ciliary disassembly. Conclusion Our results suggest the dysregulated Hippo signaling significantly contributes to ciliary abnormalities in and may be associated with flagellar defects in spermatozoa from ADPKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hui Shi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yang Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu-Jin Ye
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Xin Qin
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Ru Jiang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan-You Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nai-Xin Xu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Lin Cao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song-Chang Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - He-Feng Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: He-Feng Huang, ; Chen-Ming Xu,
| | - Chen-Ming Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: He-Feng Huang, ; Chen-Ming Xu,
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Sharbatdaran A, Romano D, Teichman K, Dev H, Raza SI, Goel A, Moghadam MC, Blumenfeld JD, Chevalier JM, Shimonov D, Shih G, Wang Y, Prince MR. Deep Learning Automation of Kidney, Liver, and Spleen Segmentation for Organ Volume Measurements in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Tomography 2022; 8:1804-1819. [PMID: 35894017 PMCID: PMC9326744 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ volume measurements are a key metric for managing ADPKD (the most common inherited renal disease). However, measuring organ volumes is tedious and involves manually contouring organ outlines on multiple cross-sectional MRI or CT images. The automation of kidney contouring using deep learning has been proposed, as it has small errors compared to manual contouring. Here, a deployed open-source deep learning ADPKD kidney segmentation pipeline is extended to also measure liver and spleen volumes, which are also important. This 2D U-net deep learning approach was developed with radiologist labeled T2-weighted images from 215 ADPKD subjects (70% training = 151, 30% validation = 64). Additional ADPKD subjects were utilized for prospective (n = 30) and external (n = 30) validations for a total of 275 subjects. Image cropping previously optimized for kidneys was included in training but removed for the validation and inference to accommodate the liver which is closer to the image border. An effective algorithm was developed to adjudicate overlap voxels that are labeled as more than one organ. Left kidney, right kidney, liver and spleen labels had average errors of 3%, 7%, 3%, and 1%, respectively, on external validation and 5%, 6%, 5%, and 1% on prospective validation. Dice scores also showed that the deep learning model was close to the radiologist contouring, measuring 0.98, 0.96, 0.97 and 0.96 on external validation and 0.96, 0.96, 0.96 and 0.95 on prospective validation for left kidney, right kidney, liver and spleen, respectively. The time required for manual correction of deep learning segmentation errors was only 19:17 min compared to 33:04 min for manual segmentations, a 42% time saving (p = 0.004). Standard deviation of model assisted segmentations was reduced to 7, 5, 11, 5 mL for right kidney, left kidney, liver and spleen respectively from 14, 10, 55 and 14 mL for manual segmentations. Thus, deep learning reduces the radiologist time required to perform multiorgan segmentations in ADPKD and reduces measurement variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Sharbatdaran
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.S.); (D.R.); (K.T.); (H.D.); (S.I.R.); (A.G.); (M.C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Dominick Romano
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.S.); (D.R.); (K.T.); (H.D.); (S.I.R.); (A.G.); (M.C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Kurt Teichman
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.S.); (D.R.); (K.T.); (H.D.); (S.I.R.); (A.G.); (M.C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Hreedi Dev
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.S.); (D.R.); (K.T.); (H.D.); (S.I.R.); (A.G.); (M.C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Syed I. Raza
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.S.); (D.R.); (K.T.); (H.D.); (S.I.R.); (A.G.); (M.C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Akshay Goel
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.S.); (D.R.); (K.T.); (H.D.); (S.I.R.); (A.G.); (M.C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Mina C. Moghadam
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.S.); (D.R.); (K.T.); (H.D.); (S.I.R.); (A.G.); (M.C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Jon D. Blumenfeld
- The Rogosin Institute and Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.D.B.); (J.M.C.); (D.S.)
| | - James M. Chevalier
- The Rogosin Institute and Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.D.B.); (J.M.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniil Shimonov
- The Rogosin Institute and Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.D.B.); (J.M.C.); (D.S.)
| | - George Shih
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.S.); (D.R.); (K.T.); (H.D.); (S.I.R.); (A.G.); (M.C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Yi Wang
- Departments of Radiology at Weill Cornell Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Martin R. Prince
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.S.); (D.R.); (K.T.); (H.D.); (S.I.R.); (A.G.); (M.C.M.); (G.S.)
- Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Cornell University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Carr G. The Sonographic Appearance of Seminal Megavesicles, an Association With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Series Review. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/8756479321998005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Megavesicles are an uncommon diagnostic finding during sonography of the bladder, especially when the examination is performed transabdominally. Although megavesicles are more likely seen with transrectal ultrasonography, computed tomogram (CT), vesiculography, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it has been noted during transabdominal sonography for patients suffering from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). When seminal vesicles become dilated, they are often visualized during transabdominal sonography. Two patient cases are provided of seminal megavesicles, associated with ADPKD and have documented sonographic findings. Both patient cases of megavesicles were discovered incidentally during the course of a renal sonogram. The importance of these diagnostic findings and the possible pathogenesis are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Carr
- Diagnostic Medical Sonography Program, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA
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Zhang W, Blumenfeld JD, Prince MR. MRI in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50:41-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York USA
| | - Jon D. Blumenfeld
- Rogosin Institute, and Department of MedicineWeill Cornell Medicine New York New York USA
| | - Martin R. Prince
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York USA
- Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons New York New York USA
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