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Zheng Z, Pavlov J, Attygalle AB. Fortuitous Ion-Molecule Reaction Enables Enumeration of Metal-Hydrogen Bonds Present in Gaseous Ions. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:3965-3972. [PMID: 31459605 PMCID: PMC6648366 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Upon mass selection and ion activation under mass spectrometric conditions, gaseous formate adducts of many metal formates undergo decarboxylation and form product ions that bear metal-hydrogen bonds. Fortuitously, we noted that negative-ion spectra of several such formate adducts showed many peaks that could not be rationalized by the conventional fragmentation pathways attributed to the precursor ion. Subsequent experimentation proved that these enigmatic peaks are due to an ion-molecule reaction that takes place between traces of adventitious water vapor in the collision gas and the in situ formed product anions bearing metal-hydrogen bonds, generated by the fragmentation of the formate adducts. Results show that metal-hydrogen bonds of the group 2 elements are particularly susceptible to this reaction. For example, in the product-ion spectrum of [Sr(η2-O2CH)3]-, the peak at m/z 91 for SrH3 - was accompanied by three peaks at higher m/z ratios. These peaks, at m/z 107, 123, and 139, represented SrH2(OH)1 -, SrH1(OH)2 -, and Sr(OH)3 -, respectively. These satellite peaks, which were separated by 16 m/z units, were attributed to adducts formed due to the high affinity of gas-phase anions bearing metal-hydrogen bonds to water. Although undesired, these peaks are diagnostically useful to determine the number of metal-hydrogen bonds present in a precursor ion. Even though the peaks were less pronounced, analogous reactions were noted from the adducts of the group 1 elements as well. Moreover, Gibbs free energy values computed for the interaction of [H-Mg(η2-O2CH)2]- with water to form [HO-Mg(η2-OCOH)2]- and H2 indicated that this is an exergonic reaction.
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Beach DG, Gabryelski W. Solution to collision induced dissociation mass spectrometry challenge. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3927-3930. [PMID: 29926153 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Beach
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada.
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Witham AA, Sharma P, Wetmore SD, Gabryelski W, Manderville RA. Chlorine substitution promotes phenyl radical loss from C8-phenoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts: implications for biomarker identification from chlorophenol exposure. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:81-87. [PMID: 25601678 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophenols are persistent organic pollutants, which undergo peroxidase-mediated oxidation to afford phenolic radical intermediates that react at the C8-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to generate oxygen-linked C8-dG adducts. Such adducts are expected to contribute to chlorophenol toxicity and serve as effective dose biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to study collision induced dissociation (CID) for a family of such phenolic O-linked C8-dG adducts. Fragmentation of the deprotonated nucleosides demonstrates that an unexpected homolytic cleavage of the ether linkage to release phenyl radicals and a nucleoside distonic ion with m/z 281 competes effectively with commonly observed breakage of the glycosidic bond to release the deprotonated nucleobase. Increased chlorination of the phenyl ring enhances phenyl radical loss. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Cl-substitution decreases phenyl radical stability but promotes homolytic breakage of the C8-phenyl bond in the C8-dG adduct. The calculations suggest that phenyl radical loss is driven by destabilizing steric (electrostatic repulsion) interactions between the ether oxygen atom and ortho-chlorines on the phenyl ring. The distonic ion at m/z 281 represents a unique dissociation product for deprotonated O-linked C8-dG adducts and may prove useful for selective detection of relevant biomarkers for chlorophenol exposure by tandem mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A Witham
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Dudley E, Bond L. Mass spectrometry analysis of nucleosides and nucleotides. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:302-31. [PMID: 24285362 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has been widely utilised in the study of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides as components of nucleic acids and as bioactive metabolites in their own right. In this review, the application of mass spectrometry to such analysis is overviewed in relation to various aspects regarding the analytical mass spectrometric and chromatographic techniques applied and also the various applications of such analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed Dudley
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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Gavina JMA, Yao C, Feng YL. Recent developments in DNA adduct analysis by mass spectrometry: a tool for exposure biomonitoring and identification of hazard for environmental pollutants. Talanta 2014; 130:475-94. [PMID: 25159438 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA adducts represent an important category of biomarkers for detection and exposure surveillance of potential carcinogenic and genotoxic chemicals in the environment. Sensitive and specific analytical methods are required to detect and differentiate low levels of adducts from native DNA from in vivo exposure. In addition to biomonitoring of environmental pollutants, analytical methods have been developed for structural identification of adducts which provides fundamental information for determining the toxic pathway of hazardous chemicals. In order to achieve the required sensitivity, mass spectrometry has been increasingly utilized to quantify adducts at low levels as well as to obtain structural information. Furthermore, separation techniques such as chromatography and capillary electrophoresis can be coupled to mass spectrometry to increase the selectivity. This review will provide an overview of advances in detection of adducted and modified DNA by mass spectrometry with a focus on the analysis of nucleosides since 2007. Instrument advances, sample and instrument considerations, and recent applications will be summarized in the context of hazard assessment. Finally, advances in biomonitoring applying mass spectrometry will be highlighted. Most importantly, the usefulness of DNA adducts measurement and detection will be comprehensively discussed as a tool for assessment of in vitro and in vivo exposure to environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennilee M A Gavina
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, AL: 0800C, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Chunhe Yao
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, AL: 0800C, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Yong-Lai Feng
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, AL: 0800C, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9.
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Sadr-Arani L, Mignon P, Chermette H, Douki T. Theoretical and experimental study of the fragmentation of protonated uracil. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kuska MS, Majdi Yazdi M, Witham AA, Dahlmann HA, Sturla SJ, Wetmore SD, Manderville RA. Influence of Chlorine Substitution on the Hydrolytic Stability of Biaryl Ether Nucleoside Adducts Produced by Phenolic Toxins. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7176-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401122j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Kuska
- Departments of Chemistry and
Toxicology, University of Guelph, Guelph,
Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mohadeseh Majdi Yazdi
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge,
Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Aaron A. Witham
- Departments of Chemistry and
Toxicology, University of Guelph, Guelph,
Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Heidi A. Dahlmann
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and
Health, ETH Zürich, 8006 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Shana J. Sturla
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and
Health, ETH Zürich, 8006 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Stacey D. Wetmore
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge,
Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Richard A. Manderville
- Departments of Chemistry and
Toxicology, University of Guelph, Guelph,
Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Beach DG, Gabryelski W. Revisiting the reactivity of uracil during collision induced dissociation: tautomerism and charge-directed processes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:858-868. [PMID: 22351291 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In our recent work towards the nontarget identification of products of nucleic acid (NA) damage in urine, we have found previous work describing the dissociation of NA bases not adequate to fully explain their observed reactivity. Here we revisit the gas-phase chemistry of protonated uracil (U) during collision induced dissociation (CID) using two modern tandem mass spectrometry techniques; quadrupole ion trap (QIT) and quadrupole time of flight (Q-TOF). We present detailed mechanistic proposals that account for all observed products of our experiments and from previous isotope labeling data, and that are supported by previous ion spectroscopy results and theoretical work. The diverse product-ions of U cannot be explained adequately by only considering the lowest energy form of protonated U as a precursor. The tautomers adopted by U during collisional excitation make it possible to relate the complex reactivity observed to reasonable mechanistic proposals and feasible product-ion structures for this small highly conjugated heterocycle. These reactions proceed from four different stable tautomers, which are excited to a specific activated precursor from which dissociation can occur via a charge-directed process through a favorable transition state to give a stabilized product. Understanding the chemistry of uracil at this level will facilitate the identification of new modified uracil derivatives in biological samples based solely on their reactivity during CID. Our integrated approach to describing ion dissociation is widely applicable to other NA bases and similar classes of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Beach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Witham AA, Beach DG, Gabryelski W, Manderville RA. Hydroxyl Radical-Induced Oxidation of a Phenolic C-Linked 2′-Deoxyguanosine Adduct Yields a Reactive Catechol. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:315-25. [DOI: 10.1021/tx200365r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A. Witham
- Departments
of Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Daniel G. Beach
- Departments
of Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Wojciech Gabryelski
- Departments
of Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Richard A. Manderville
- Departments
of Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Beach DG, Gabryelski W. Nontarget Analysis of Urine by Electrospray Ionization-High Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:9107-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202044h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Beach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Wojciech Gabryelski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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