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Collado A, Gómez‐Gallego M, Santiago A, Sierra MA. Understanding the Reactivity of Group 6 Metal (M = Cr, W) Alkynyl Fischer Carbene Complexes with Multi‐Reactive Masked Dienes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Collado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Química Centro de Investigación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO‐CINQA) Universidad Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Mar Gómez‐Gallego
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Química Centro de Investigación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO‐CINQA) Universidad Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Alicia Santiago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Química Centro de Investigación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO‐CINQA) Universidad Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Química Centro de Investigación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO‐CINQA) Universidad Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
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2
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Giner EA, Gómez-Gallego M, Casarrubios L, de la Torre MC, Ramírez de Arellano C, Sierra MA. Effect of a κ1-Bonded-M-1,2,3-triazole (M = Co, Ru) on the Structure and Reactivity of Group 6 Alkoxy (Fischer) Carbenes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:2801-2811. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Giner
- Departamento de
Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense and Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Gómez-Gallego
- Departamento de
Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense and Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Casarrubios
- Departamento de
Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense and Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María C. de la Torre
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramírez de Arellano
- Departamento de
Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), E-46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento de
Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense and Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Utilizing the inherent electrolysis in a chip-based nanoelectrospray emitter system to facilitate selective ionization and mass spectrometric analysis of metallo alkylporphyrins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:335-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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4
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Tsikas D, Chobanyan-Jürgens K. Quantification of carbonate by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 82:7897-905. [PMID: 20553048 DOI: 10.1021/ac1007688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide and carbonates are widely distributed in nature, are constituents of inorganic and organic matter, and are essential in vegetable and animal organisms. CO(2) is the principal greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. In human blood, CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) is an important buffering system. Quantification of bicarbonate and carbonate in inorganic and organic matter and in biological fluids such as blood or blood plasma by means of the GC-MS technology has been impossible so far, presumably because of the lack of suitable derivatization reactions to produce volatile and thermally stable derivatives. Here, a novel derivatization reaction is described for carbonate that allows for its quantification in aqueous alkaline solutions and alkalinized plasma and urine. Carbonate in acetonic solutions of these matrices (1:4 v/v) and added (13)C-labeled carbonate for use as the internal standard were heated in the presence of the derivatization agent pentafluorobenzyl (PFB) bromide for 60 min and 50 °C. Investigations with (12)CO(3)(2-), (13)CO(3)(2-), (CH(3))(2)CO, and (CD(3))(2)CO in alkaline solutions and GC-MS and GC-MS/MS analyses under negative-ion chemical ionization (NICI) or electron ionization (EI) conditions of toluene extracts of the reactants revealed formation of two minor [i.e., PFB-OCOOH and O=CO(2)-(PFB)(2)] and two major [i.e., CH(3)COCH(2)-C(OH)(OPFB)(2) and CH(3)COCH=C(OPFB)(2)] carbonate derivatives. The latter have different retention times (7.9 and 7.5 min, respectively) but virtually identical EI and NICI mass spectra. It is assumed that CH(3)COCH(2)-C(OH)(OPFB)(2) is formed from the reaction of the carbonate dianion with two molecules of PFB bromide to form the diPFB ester of carbonic acid, which further reacts with one molecule of acetone. Subsequent loss of water finally generates the major derivative CH(3)COCH=C(OPFB)(2). This derivatization reaction was utilized to quantify total CO(2)/HCO(3)(-)/CO(3)(2-) (tCO(2)) in human plasma and urine by GC-MS in the NICI mode by selected ion monitoring of the anions [M-H](-) of CH(3)COCH=C(OPFB)(2) at m/z 461 for the endogenous species and m/z 462 for the internal standard (13)CO(3)(2-). Oral intake of the carboanhydrase inhibitor drug acetazolamide by two healthy volunteers resulted in temporary increased excretion of tCO(2) in the urine. The method is specific for carbonate, accurate, sensitive and should be applicable to various matrices including human fluids and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, D-30623 Hannover, Germany.
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5
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López-Alberca MP, Mancheño MJ, Fernández I, Gómez-Gallego M, Sierra MA, Hemmert C, Gornitzka H. Synthesis, Structure and Electrochemistry of Macrocyclic Tetrametallic Group 6 (Fischer) Carbene Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lage ML, Mancheño MJ, Martínez-Álvarez R, Gómez-Gallego M, Fernández I, Sierra MA. Behavior of Group 6 Fischer Aminocarbene Complexes in a Supercharged Medium: A Single Electron Transfer−H Atom Transfer Process. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900159h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta L. Lage
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Mancheño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Martínez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Gómez-Gallego
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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Baeza B, Casarrubios L, Ramírez-López P, Gómez-Gallego M, Sierra MA. A Copper-Catalyzed Azide−Alkyne Cycloaddition Approach to the Synthesis of Bimetallic Chromium(0) (Fischer) Carbene Complexes. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om801171x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Baeza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto de Química Orgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Casarrubios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto de Química Orgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Ramírez-López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto de Química Orgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Gómez-Gallego
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto de Química Orgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto de Química Orgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric study of mercury complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes derived from 1,2,4-triazolium salt precursors. OPEN CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-006-0050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBy mixing 1,2,4-triazolium salts (precursors of N-heterocyclic carbenes 1–6) with mercury acetate, a number of complexes have been obtained under electrospray ionization condition. Carbenes 1 and 2 contain one carbene center; therefore, they are able to bond only one mercury cation. Carbenes 3–5 contain two carbene centers; therefore, they can bond two mercury cations. Mercury complexes of 1–5 always contain an acetate anion attached to a mercury cation. Carbene 6 also contains two carbene centers; however, its structure allows formation of a complex containing mercury bonded simultaneously to both centers, therefore, the complex that does not contain an acetate anion. The MS/MS spectra taken for complexes of carbenes 1–5 have shown formation of a cation corresponding to N1 substituent (adamantyl or benzyl), and those of complexes of carbenes 3–5 (doubly charged ions) have also shown the respective complementary partner ions. Mercury complex of 2 has yielded some other interesting fragmentation pathways, e.g. a loss of the HHgOOCCH3 molecule. The fragmentation pathway of the mercury complexes of 6 was found to be complicated.
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Sierra MA, Gómez-Gallego M, Martínez-Alvarez R. Fischer Carbene Complexes: Beautiful Playgrounds To Study Single Electron Transfer (SET) Reactions. Chemistry 2007; 13:736-44. [PMID: 17171739 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of the reactivity of Fischer carbene complexes in electron transfer processes is still in the early stage of development, but interesting advances are foreseeable in this young branch of metal-carbene chemistry. Although these compounds have a dual reactivity (which makes them good substrates for oxidation and reduction processes), their behavior towards chemical electron transfer (ET) reagents was unknown until very recently. This article covers the progress accomplished in the reactivity of these compounds towards chemical ET reagents (C(8)K or SmI(2)), as well as the use of nonconventional sources of electrons, such as electrospray ionization (ESI) to induce ET processes. Special emphasis will be made on the effect of the structure of the starting carbene in the outcome of the reaction and in discussing the different mechanisms proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Weilandt T, Gräff E, Schneider JF, Koch AW, Zschoche FA, Dötz KH, Schalley CA. Mass Spectrometric Detection and Fragmentation Patterns of Synthetically Useful Chromium and Tungsten Carbene Complexes. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050099o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Weilandt
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ephraim Gräff
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen F. Schneider
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander W. Koch
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian A. Zschoche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Heinz Dötz
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Wulff WD, Korthals KA, Martínez-Alvarez R, Gómez-Gallego M, Fernández I, Sierra MA. Study of the ESI-Mass Spectrometry Ionization Mechanism of Fischer Carbene Complexes. J Org Chem 2005; 70:5269-77. [PMID: 15960531 DOI: 10.1021/jo050553y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
By means of deuterium-labeling experiments, we have carried out a systematic ESI-MS study to determine the mechanism of ESI ionization of alkenyl and alkynyl group 6 Fischer carbene complexes. These compounds can be ionized under ESI conditions only in the presence of additives such as hydroquinone (HQ) or tetrathiafulvalene (TTF). Our results demonstrate that in the ESI source an anion-radical is formed after the initial HQ- or TTF-mediated electron transfer to the metallic carbene complex. For alkenyl carbene complexes, this species evolves by extrusion of a hydrogen radical to form an allenylchromium anion that is detected as the [M - H](-) ion in the mass spectrum. The preference for this mechanistic pathway could be rationalized by DFT calculations. In the case of alkynyl carbene complexes, experiments combining deuterated substrate, additive, and solvent demonstrate that the previously proposed allene-anion carbene complex is not formed. Instead, the H transfer from the ethoxy group in the anion radical, followed by extrusion of a hydrogen radical, leads to an allenyl anion that is detected in the ESI-MS as [M - H - CO](-).
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Wulff
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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12
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: annual survey covering the year 2003. Coord Chem Rev 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Tsikas D, Schwedhelm E, Frölich JC. Unusual collision-induced dissociation of fluorated and non-fluorated α-nitrotoluene analogs in a gas chromatograph triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer under electron-capturing negative-ion chemical ionization conditions. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1067:337-45. [PMID: 15844540 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Unusual collision-induced dissociation (CID) of perfluorated and non-perfluorated alpha-nitrotoluene analogs in a gas chromatograph triple-stage quadrupole (TSQ) mass spectrometer (GC-QqQ-MS) under electron-capturing negative-ion chemical ionization conditions is reported. CID of [M - 1]- of alpha-nitro-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorotoluene (C6F5CH2-NO2) and alpha-nitro-2,5-difluorotoluene (C6H3F2CH2-NO2) produced an intense ion with m/z 66. By using 15N- or 18O-labelled C6F5CH2-NO2 analogs, we found that this anion has the formula C3NO. By contrast, CID of [M - 1]- of alpha-nitrotoluene (C6H5CH2-NO2) and alpha-nitro-3,5-difluorotoluene (C6H3F2CH2-NO2) produced an anion with m/z 86 with the formula C3H4NO2. The expected CID of the C-N-bond of all alpha-nitrotoluene analogs to form the nitrite anion (NO2-, m/z 46) did not occur. We propose mechanisms for the formation of the anions C3NO and C3H4NO2 in the collision chamber of the TSQ mass spectrometer. The most likely structures for the anion C3NO are :C=C=C=N--O and N triple bond C-C triple bond C--O-. The unique CID behavior of C6F5CH2--NO2 can be utilized to unequivocally identify and accurately quantify nitrite in biological fluids by GC-tandem MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30623 Hannover, Germany.
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Martínez-Álvarez R, Gómez-Gallego M, Fernández I, Mancheño MJ, Sierra MA. ESI Mass Spectrometry as a Tool for the Study of Electron Transfer in Nonconventional Media: The Case of Bi- and Polymetallic Carbene Complexes. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om049772k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Martínez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Gómez-Gallego
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Mancheño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Fernández I, Mancheño MJ, Gómez-Gallego M, Sierra MA. Synthesis and electrochemical properties of novel tetrametallic macrocyclic Fischer carbene complexes. Org Lett 2003; 5:1237-40. [PMID: 12688728 DOI: 10.1021/ol0342094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Metallomacrocyclic compounds can be easily prepared by 1,4-addition of diamines to alpha,beta-unsaturated Fischer bis-carbene templates. This method allows the preparation of a new family of homo- and heterotetrametallic compounds having macrocyclic cyclophanic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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