The p53 R72P polymorphism does not influence cervical cancer development in a portuguese population: A study in exfoliated cervical cells

Ethnicity-stratified analysis of the association between P53 rs1042522 polymorphism and women HPV infection: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially persistent high risk HPV infection stands as the leading reason for cervical cancer morbidity. P53 protein can activate multiple tumor suppressor genes, leading to cervical cancer progression. In recent years, the relationship between P53 gene rs1042522 polymorphism and HPV infection has been investigated. However, their conclusions were contradictory and ambiguous.

OBJECTIVES

The present meta-analysis is to estimate whether P53 rs1042522 polymorphism confers risk to HPV infection in cervical specimens.

METHODS

Relevant literatures were searched by searching databases including Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Search time is from database foundation to January 2021.

RESULTS

Eight literatures were enrolled in the present meta-analysis. Positive finding between HPV infection of cervical specimens and P53 rs1042522 polymorphism was found in Brazilian population by allele contrast (Pro versus. Arg: OR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.35-0.79), homozygote comparison (Pro/Pro versus. Arg/Arg: OR = 0.43, 95%CI = 0.20-0.94), and dominate genetic model (Pro/Pro + Arg/Pro versus. Arg/Arg: OR = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.09-0.93). The similar phenomenon was also found in Arabian population.

CONCLUSION

We conclude that P53 rs1042522 polymorphism contributed a decreased risk to HPV infection in Brazilian and Arabian population.

Intronic TP53 Polymorphisms Are Associated with Increased Δ133TP53 Transcript, Immune Infiltration and Cancer Risk

We investigated the influence of selected TP53 SNPs in exon 4 and intron 4 on cancer risk, clinicopathological features and expression of TP53 isoforms. The intron 4 SNPs were significantly over-represented in cohorts of mixed cancers compared to three ethnically matched controls, suggesting they confer increased cancer risk. Further analysis showed that heterozygosity at rs1042522(GC) and either of the two intronic SNPs rs9895829(TC) and rs2909430(AG) confer a 2.34-5.35-fold greater risk of developing cancer. These SNP combinations were found to be associated with shorter patient survival for glioblastoma and prostate cancer. Additionally, these SNPs were associated with tumor-promoting inflammation as evidenced by high levels of infiltrating immune cells and expression of the Δ133TP53 and TP53β transcripts. We propose that these SNP combinations allow increased expression of the Δ133p53 isoforms to promote the recruitment of immune cells that create an immunosuppressive environment leading to cancer progression.

A proper triage for detecting women with high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes other than HPV16/18

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 capsid protein detection in cervical exfoliated cells as a proper triage for women with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) genotypes other than HPV 16/18.

STUDY DESIGN

From January 2013 to June 2015, a total of 513 women aged 30-65 years infected with non-16/18 hrHPV were enrolled into the study. Primary HPV testing, HPV 16/18 genotyping and Papanicolaou (Pap) test were performed in all eligible women. HPV L1 capsid protein was detected by immunocytochemistry in cervical exfoliated cells. All hrHPV positive women underwent colposcopy and further biopsy if indicated. Relationships between HPV L1 capsid protein expression and histologic diagnosis, as well as cytology were analyzed.

RESULTS

The positive expression rate of HPV L1 capsid protein in CIN2+ group was significantly lower than that in CIN1 or better group (16.3% vs. 66.7%, P=0.000). Compared with the Pap test, HPV L1 detection achieved higher sensitivity (83.7% vs. 51.2%, P=0.000), higher negative predictive value (NPV) (95.3% vs. 88.6%, P=0.002), and significant lower specificity (66.7% vs.76.1%, P=0.002) while identifying CIN2+. Compared with the Pap test, HPV L1 detection achieved higher sensitivity (89.7% vs. 51.7%, P=0.008), higher NPV (99.0% vs. 96.2%, P=0.043), and significant lower specificity (61.2% vs.73.8%, P=0.000) while identifying CIN3+.

CONCLUSION

Because of its higher sensitivity and NPV than that of Pap test, HPV L1 capsid protein detection in cervical exfoliated cells reduces the missed identification of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with hrHPV genotypes other than HPV 16/18. HPV L1 capsid protein detection could be a potential triage for women with non-16/18 hrHPV infection.

Genetic susceptibility in cervical cancer: From bench to bedside

Cervical cancer (CC) is the third most common malignancy in women globally, and persistent infection with the oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) is recognized as the major risk factor. The pathogenesis of CC relies on the interplay between the tumorigenic properties of the HPV and host factors. Host-related genetic factors, including the presence of susceptibility loci for cervix tumor is substantial importance. Preclinical and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported the associations of genetic variations in several susceptibility loci for the development of cervical cancer. However, many of these reports are inconsistent. In this review, we discuss the findings to date of candidate gene association studies, and GWAS in cervical cancer. The associations between these genetic variations with response to chemotherapy are also discussed.

P53 deregulation in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer

TP53 is a tumour suppressor gene frequently mutated in human cancers; nevertheless, in EBV-associated malignancies mutations are uncommon despite frequent deregulation of the p53 pathway. In this study, we aimed to investigate p53 expression, TP53 mRNA levels and TP53 mutations in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC). A case-control study was performed using 46 patients: 15 EBVaGC and 31 EBV-negative GC (EBVnGC) cases. p53 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), the evaluation of p53 mRNA levels was performed by RT-qPCR and TP53 mutations were investigated only in EBVaGC cases using the DNA sanger sequencing method. p53 expression was found in 97.8% (45/46) of all gastric cancer cases (including EBVaGC and EBVnGC groups). Despite the high frequency of p53 expression in both groups, the percentages of cells are significantly higher among EBVaGC cases (p = 0.027). Regarding the mRNA levels, we found a significantly increased expression of p53 mRNA in EBVnGC (2^-ΔΔCt = 13.4 ± 2.4; p = 0.0029) when compared with EBVaGC. Furthermore, the sequencing analysis of TP53 gene revealed that only one of the 15 EBVaGC cases presented a missense mutation. Our results demonstrated that EBV-associated gastric carcinomas are characterized by a significant decrease of TP53 mRNA levels with a strong p53 expression and rare TP53 mutations when compared with EBV-negative cancers. Considering these results, EBV seems to induce a stabilization of p53 in the EBVaGC independently of the presence of mutations, which remains to be explained.

[Study of codon 72 of p53 gene as a risk-factor in cervical cancer in Senegal]

Beside human papilloma virus infection, several genetic factors have been involved in susceptibility to cervical cancer. The arginine allele at codon 72 in p53 tumor suppressor gene has been reported to be a risk-factor in different ethnic groups. Our aim was to study this polymorphism as a risk-factor in Senegal. We conducted a case-control association study by recruiting 30 patients with cervical cancer clinically followed up in the Curie Institute in Dakar, and 93 healthy female controls without diagnosed cervical cancer. For each individual, DNA was extracted from whole blood. The codon 72 polymorphism was genotyped by PCR-RFLP. We did not find any association between the arginine allele and susceptibility to cervical cancer in our population (P = 0.354). Moreover, any correlation between the arginine allele and histological lesions was observed. Even if we did not find any correlation between the arginine allele and susceptibility to cervical cancer, p53 as a tumor suppressor gene remains a good genetic marker in tumours biology.

Susceptibility to cervical cancer: an overview

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in females worldwide. It is well-established that Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections play a critical role in the development of cervical cancer. However, a large number of women infected with oncogenic HPV types will never develop cervical cancer. Thus, there are several external environment and genetic factors involved in the progression of a precancerous lesion to invasive cancer. In this review article, we addressed possible susceptible phenotypes to cervical cancer, focusing on host genome and HPV DNA variability, multiple HPV infections, co-infection with other agents, circulating HPV DNA and lifestyle.