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Yamashiro K, Ikegaya Y, Matsumoto N. Automatic detection of foot-strike onsets in a rhythmic forelimb movement. Neurosci Res 2024:S0168-0102(24)00054-3. [PMID: 38642677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Rhythmic movement is the fundamental motion dynamics characterized by repetitive patterns. Precisely defining onsets in rhythmic movement is essential for a comprehensive analysis of motor functions. Our study introduces an automated method for detecting rat's forelimb foot-strike onsets using deep learning tools. This method demonstrates high accuracy of onset detection by combining two techniques using joint coordinates and behavioral confidence scale. The analysis extends to neural oscillatory responses in the rat's somatosensory cortex, validating the effectiveness of our combined approach. Our technique streamlines experimentation, demanding only a camera and GPU-accelerated computer. This approach is applicable across various contexts and promotes our understanding of brain functions during rhythmic movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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2
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Steiner R, Dhar M, Stephenson SM, Newby S, Bow A, Pedersen A, Anderson DE. Biometric Data Comparison Between Lewis and Sprague Dawley Rats. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:469. [PMID: 31921924 PMCID: PMC6932974 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pressure mapping systems are often used for indirect assessment of kinematic gait parameter differences after repair of critical peripheral nerve defects in small animal models. However, there does not appear to be any literature that studies the differences in normal gait pattern of Sprague Dawley rats compared to Lewis rats using a Tekscan VH4 pressure mat system. The purpose of this study is to assess the gait profile of Lewis and Sprague Dawley rats generated by Tekscan's VH4 system to detect similarities and/or differences in gait parameters involving both force and temporal variables. Materials and Methods: The gait profile of 14 Lewis and 14 Sprague Dawley rats was recorded using a Tekscan VH4 pressure map system with two successful walks per animal and gait parameter data was normalized for mean variance between the two rodent strains. Results: The results showed that temporal and normalized force parameters were not significantly different between the two types of rats. Maximum force, contact area, stride length, and adjusted pressure variables were significantly different between the two strains, likely attributed to the body size and weight differential between the strains. Variation in some of these parameters were considered due to differences in overall body size between the two strains, variations in gait kinematics between individual rodent subjects, and the limitations of the current experimental design. Conclusion: For future in vivo models, either Sprague Dawley or Lewis rat strains would be acceptable animal models when comparing base-line gait profiles using the Tekscan VH4 pressure map system when assessing critical defect repairs of peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Steiner
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Madhu Dhar
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Stacy M Stephenson
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Steven Newby
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Austin Bow
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Alisha Pedersen
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - David E Anderson
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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3
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Chen H, Du J, Zhang Y, Barnes K, Jia X. Establishing a reliable gait evaluation method for rodent studies. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 283:92-100. [PMID: 28351803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CatWalk is one of the most popular tools for evaluating gait recovery in preclinical research, however, there is currently no consensus on which of the many gait parameters captured by CatWalk can reliably model recovery. There are conflicting interpretations of results, along with many common but seldom reported problems such as heel walking and poor compliance. NEW METHOD We developed a systematic manual classification method that overcomes common problems such as heel walking and poor compliance. By correcting automation errors and removing inconsistent gait cycles, we isolated stretches of recordings that are more reliable for analysis. Recovery outcome was also assessed by quantitative histomorphometric analysis of myelinated axons. RESULTS While 40-60% of runs were erroneously classified without manual intervention, we corrected all errors with our new method, and showed that Stand Time, Duty Cycle, and Swing Speed are able to track significant differences over time and between experimental groups (all p<0.05). The usability of print area and intensity parameters requires further validation beyond the capabilities of CatWalk. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) There is currently no strategy that addresses problems such as heel walking and poor compliance, and therefore no standard set of parameters that researchers can rely on to report their findings. CONCLUSION Manual classification is a crucial step to generate reliable CatWalk data, and Stand Time, Duty Cycle, and Swing Speed are suitable parameters for evaluating gait recovery. Static parameters such as print area and intensity should be used with extreme caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanwen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kevin Barnes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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4
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Comparative outcome measures in peripheral regeneration studies. Exp Neurol 2016; 287:348-357. [PMID: 27094121 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries are common and often result in partial or permanent paralysis, numbness of the affected limb, and debilitating neuropathic pain. Experimental animal models of nerve injury have utilized a diversity of outcome measures to examine functional recovery following injury. Four primary categories of outcome measures of regenerative success including retrograde labeling with counts of regenerating neurons, immunohistochemistry and histomorphometry, reinnervation of target muscles, and behavioral analysis of recovery will be reviewed. Validity of different outcome measures are discussed in context of hindlimb, forelimb, and facial nerve injury models. Severity of nerve injury will be highlighted, and comparisons between nerve crush injury and more severe transection and neuroma-in-continuity nerve injury paradigms will be evaluated. The case is made that specific outcome measures may be more sensitive to assessing functional recovery following nerve injury than others. This will be discussed in the context of the lack of association between certain outcome measures of nerve regeneration. Examples of inaccurate conclusions from specific outcome measures will also be considered. Overall, researchers must therefore take care to select appropriate outcome measures for animal nerve injury studies dependant on the specific experimental interventions and scientific questions addressed.
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5
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Kemp SWP, Szynkaruk M, Stanoulis KN, Wood MD, Liu EH, Willand MP, Morlock L, Naidoo J, Williams NS, Ready JM, Mangano TJ, Beggs S, Salter MW, Gordon T, Pieper AA, Borschel GH. Pharmacologic rescue of motor and sensory function by the neuroprotective compound P7C3 following neonatal nerve injury. Neuroscience 2014; 284:202-216. [PMID: 25313000 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nerve injuries cause pain, paralysis and numbness that can lead to major disability, and newborns often sustain nerve injuries during delivery that result in lifelong impairment. Without a pharmacologic agent to enhance functional recovery from these injuries, clinicians rely solely on surgery and rehabilitation to treat patients. Unfortunately, patient outcomes remain poor despite application of the most advanced microsurgical and rehabilitative techniques. We hypothesized that the detrimental effects of traumatic neonatal nerve injury could be mitigated with pharmacologic neuroprotection, and tested whether the novel neuroprotective agent P7C3 would block peripheral neuron cell death and enhance functional recovery in a rat neonatal nerve injury model. Administration of P7C3 after sciatic nerve crush injury doubled motor and sensory neuron survival, and also promoted axon regeneration in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with P7C3 also enhanced behavioral and muscle functional recovery, and reversed pathological mobilization of spinal microglia after injury. Our findings suggest that the P7C3 family of neuroprotective compounds may provide a basis for the development of a new neuroprotective drug to enhance recovery following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W P Kemp
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - M Szynkaruk
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K N Stanoulis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M D Wood
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E H Liu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M P Willand
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Morlock
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - N S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J M Ready
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - T J Mangano
- Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - S Beggs
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M W Salter
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T Gordon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A A Pieper
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Veterans Affairs, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - G H Borschel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Surgery and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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6
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Kemp SWP, Phua PD, Stanoulis KN, Wood MD, Liu EH, Gordon T, Borschel GH. Functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury in the transgenic Thy1
-GFP rat. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2013; 18:220-31. [DOI: 10.1111/jns5.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. P. Kemp
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Peter D. Phua
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Krisanne N. Stanoulis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Matthew D. Wood
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Edward H. Liu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Tessa Gordon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Gregory H. Borschel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- University of Toronto Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; Toronto Ontario Canada
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Gregersen LS, Røsland T, Arendt-Nielsen L, Whiteside G, Hummel M. Unrestricted Weight Bearing as a Method for Assessment of Nociceptive Behavior in a Model of Tibiofemoral Osteoarthritis in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2013.33030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Alant JDDV, Kemp SWP, Khu KJOL, Kumar R, Webb AA, Midha R. Traumatic neuroma in continuity injury model in rodents. J Neurotrauma 2011; 29:1691-703. [PMID: 22011082 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic neuroma in continuity (NIC) results in profound neurological deficits, and its management poses the most challenging problem to peripheral nerve surgeons today. The absence of a clinically relevant experimental model continues to handicap our ability to investigate ways of better diagnosis and treatment for these disabling injuries. Various injury techniques were tested on Lewis rat sciatic nerves. Optimal experimental injuries that consistently resulted in NIC combined both intense focal compression and traction forces. Nerves were harvested at 0, 5, 13, 21, and 65 days for histological examination. Skilled locomotion and ground reaction force (GRF) analysis were performed up to 9 weeks on the experimental (n=6) and crush-control injuries (n=5). Focal widening, disruption of endoneurium and perineurium with aberrant intra- and extrafascicular axonal regeneration and progressive fibrosis was consistently demonstrated in 14 of 14 nerves with refined experimental injuries. At 8 weeks, experimental animals displayed a significantly greater slip ratio in both skilled locomotor assessments, compared to nerve crush animals (p<0.01). GRFs of the crush- injured animals showed earlier improvement compared to the experimental animals, whose overall GRF patterns failed to recover as well as the crush group. We have demonstrated histological features and poor functional recovery consistent with NIC formation in a rat model. The injury mechanism employed combines traction and compression forces akin to the physical forces at play in clinical nerve injuries. This model may serve as a tool to help diagnose this injury earlier and to develop intervention strategies to improve patient outcomes.
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9
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Levine JM, Levine GJ, Porter BF, Topp K, Noble-Haeusslein LJ. Naturally occurring disk herniation in dogs: an opportunity for pre-clinical spinal cord injury research. J Neurotrauma 2011; 28:675-88. [PMID: 21438715 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2010.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injuries represent a significant source of morbidity in humans. Despite decades of research using experimental models of spinal cord injury to identify candidate therapeutics, there has been only limited progress toward translating beneficial findings to human spinal cord injury. Thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation is a naturally occurring disease that affects dogs and results in compressive/contusive spinal cord injury. Here we discuss aspects of this disease that are analogous to human spinal cord injury, including injury mechanisms, pathology, and metrics for determining outcomes. We address both the strengths and weaknesses of conducting pre-clinical research in these dogs, and include a review of studies that have utilized these animals to assess efficacy of candidate therapeutics. Finally, we consider a two-species approach to pre-clinical data acquisition, beginning with a reproducible model of spinal cord injury in the rodent as a tool for discovery with validation in pet dogs with intervertebral disk herniation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Levine
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4474, USA.
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10
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Gordon-Evans WJ, Evans RB, Conzemius MG. Accuracy of spatiotemporal variables in gait analysis of neurologic dogs. J Neurotrauma 2010; 26:1055-60. [PMID: 19257805 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2008.0805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Outcome measures for functional assessment in experimental or naturally occurring spinal cord injury (SCI) in dogs have been largely subjective. This study is the first step in developing an easy, accurate, and objective outcome measure for neurologic dogs. The hypothesis was that the coefficient of variation (CV) of spatiotemporal parameters of gait in dogs with hindlimb paresis would be greater than that of normal dogs and dogs with orthopedic disease. This study evaluates the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of spatiotemporal parameters in dogs with naturally occurring SCI. All dogs were allowed to walk at their own pace over a pressure walkway. Stride time, stance time, swing time, and stride length, and velocity were recorded using the pressure walkway, and age, breed, weight, and group were recorded for each dog. The gait parameters were summarized for each dog with coefficients of variation (CsV), determined three ways. The data were analyzed with competing models to determine the best one for differentiating neurologic dogs from non-neurologic dogs. Velocity, acceleration, height, and weight did not significantly affect any of the CsV. The model with the highest accuracy (89%) was a multivariate model using the CsV (calculated by combining feet of each dog) of stride length, stride time, and swing time (p = 0.0001). The sensitivity (0.8) and specificity (0.9) were calculated using Youden's Index. The combination of CsV (combined feet) of stride length, stride time, and swing time are relatively simple and accurate with great potential as an outcome measure in dogs with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda J Gordon-Evans
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA.
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11
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Madete JK, Klein A, Fuller A, Trueman RC, Rosser AE, Dunnett SB, Holt CA. Challenges Facing Quantification of Rat Locomotion along Beams of Varying Widths. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2010; 224:1257-65. [DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Optoelectronic motion capture systems have been widely used to investigate temporal gait parameters in humans and animals in order to understand function and behavioural attributes of different pathologies, e.g. Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of the present paper was to investigate the practicality of utilising this system to investigate the effects of a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion on rat locomotion while walking on beams of varying widths (graduated, narrow, and wide). Temporal gait parameters of ten male Lister Hooded rats (five controls and five hemiparkinsonian) were observed using passive markers placed in locations that were representative of their four limbs and their body axis. The results demonstrate that marker-based motion capture can provide an effective and simple approach to quantifying temporal gait parameters for rat models of PD. They also reveal how the width of the path affects the locomotion in both experimental cohorts. Such measurements can be compared with human motion analysis to explore correlations between the animal model and human behaviour, which is an important step for translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Madete
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Klein
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Fuller
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - R C Trueman
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A E Rosser
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - S B Dunnett
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - C A Holt
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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12
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Kemp SWP, Alant J, Walsh SK, Webb AA, Midha R. Behavioural and anatomical analysis of selective tibial nerve branch transfer to the deep peroneal nerve in the rat. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 31:1074-90. [PMID: 20377620 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W P Kemp
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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13
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Gordon-Evans WJ, Evans RB, Knap KE, Hildreth JM, Pinel CB, Imhoff DJ, Conzemius MG. Characterization of spatiotemporal gait characteristics in clinically normal dogs and dogs with spinal cord disease. Am J Vet Res 2010; 70:1444-9. [PMID: 19951114 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.70.12.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE-To determine the spatiotemporal gait characteristics and associated covariates of clinically normal dogs and dogs with spinal cord disease. ANIMALS-42 clinically normal dogs and 24 dogs with myelopathy at spinal cord segment T3-L3. PROCEDURES-Gait was analyzed for velocity, stride length, stride time, stance time, and swing time and compared between groups with consideration of covariates, including height, weight, velocity, sex, and age. RESULTS-By use of multivariate regression, dogs with neurologic signs, compared with clinically normal dogs, had decreased stride time, stance time, and stride length in the forelimbs and increased swing time in the hind limbs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE-Use of spatiotemporal gait characteristics appears to have potential for use as an outcome measure for dogs with neurologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda J Gordon-Evans
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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14
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Costa LM, Simões MJ, Maurício AC, Varejão ASP. Chapter 7: Methods and protocols in peripheral nerve regeneration experimental research: part IV-kinematic gait analysis to quantify peripheral nerve regeneration in the rat. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2009; 87:127-39. [PMID: 19682636 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(09)87007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Functional recovery is one of the primary goals of therapeutic intervention in peripheral nerve research. The number and diversity of tests which have been used to assess functional recovery after experimental interventions often makes it difficult to recommend any particular indicator of nerve regeneration. Functional assessment after sciatic nerve lesion has long been focused on walking track analysis; however, it is important to note that the validity of the sciatic functional index has been questioned by several researchers. In the last decade, several authors have designed a series of sensitive quantitative methods to assess the recovery of locomotor function using computerized rat gait analysis. The objective of the present review is to provide a helpful tool for the peripheral nerve investigator, by integrating the most important gait kinematic measures described in the literature that can be gathered with this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M Costa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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15
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Casha S, Yong VW, Midha R. Minocycline for axonal regeneration after nerve injury: A double-edged sword. Exp Neurol 2008; 213:245-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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