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Dandamudi S, Tollemar V, Spaan J, Manivannan A, Levine BR. Effect of Resurfaced Patellar Thickness on Outcomes after Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Knee Surg 2025. [PMID: 39900105 DOI: 10.1055/a-2530-7953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2025]
Abstract
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the gold standard for the treatment of end-stage knee osteoarthritis. Patellar resurfacing is an optional step in the procedure and remains a controversial topic of discussion. This retrospective study aims to assess the impact of over-resecting and under-resecting the patella during resurfacing on patient-reported outcomes and range of motion (ROM) after surgery. Out of 475 patients who underwent TKA between August 2017 and November 2019 at a single center by a single surgeon, 438 (92.2%) were included in the analysis. Patients were split into three study groups based on reconstructed patellar thickness; normal resection (NR) was defined as within 2 mm native thickness, over-resected was defined as ≤ -2 mm, and under-resected (UR) was defined as ≥ 2 mm. Statistical analyses included chi-squared tests, mixed effect models, and Cox proportional hazards models. There were 364, 41, and 33 patients in the NR, OR, and UR groups, respectively. The cohort's mean age at the time of surgery was 67.1 ± 9.1 and had a mean length of follow-up of 2.1 ± 1.7 years with no difference among cohorts. Significant differences were found in gender (p < 0.001) and BMI (p = 0.0134) with UR having fewer males, OR having more males, and OR having lower BMI. At 6 months, the complete cohort ROM improved from 108.7 ± 14.4 to 111 ± 11 degrees, objective knee society score (KSS) increased from 15.4 ± 11.2 to 36.2 ± 12, functional KSS increase from 47.3 ± 18.9 to 65.6 ± 22.2, and knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score increase from 46.1 ± 15 to 70.7 ± 15 with no significant differences among cohorts. There were no patellofemoral-related complications. This study supports that while it is important to restore the anatomy in the anterior compartment of the knee, minor changes in patellar thickness from patellar resurfacing likely have minimal impact on outcomes for patients. Further studies with a larger sample size are necessary to further validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viktor Tollemar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan Spaan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ashwinee Manivannan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brett R Levine
- Department of Orthopaedics, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
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Sobhi S, Finsterwald MA, Häckel S, Holzer LA, Yates PJ. Medialized Dome and Anatomic Onlay Patella Designs in the Modern Posterior Stabilized Rotating Platform Total Knee Arthroplasty Demonstrate No Clinical or Radiological Differences at One Year. J Arthroplasty 2024; 39:87-95. [PMID: 37321517 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A successful outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) includes the restoration of patellofemoral function. Modern patella component designs in TKA include a medialized dome and more recently, an anatomic design. There is a paucity of literature comparing these 2 implants. METHODS This prospective nonrandomized study examined 544 consecutive TKAs with patella resurfacing using a posterior-stabilized, rotating platform knee prothesis performed by a single surgeon. A medialized dome patella design was used in the first 323 cases and an anatomic design in the subsequent 221 cases. Patients were assessed preoperatively, at 4 weeks and 1-year post-TKA for Oxford Knee Score (OKS) (total, pain, and kneeling components) and range of movement (ROM). Radiolucent lines (RLLs), patellar tilts and displacements, as well as reoperations were assessed at 1-year post-TKA. RESULTS At 1-year post-TKA, both groups demonstrated similar improvements in ROM, OKS, pain, and kneeling scores, and had a similar incidence of fixed-flexion deformity (all P > .05). Radiographically, there was no clinically significant difference in the incidence of RLLs, patellar tilts, and displacements. The prevalence of reoperations (1.8 versus 3.2%, P = .526) was similar between the designs with no patella-related complications. CONCLUSION Both medialized dome and anatomic patella designs result in improved ROM and OKS with no patella-related complications. However, our study showed no differences between the designs at 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Sobhi
- Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fiona Stanley Fremantle Hospitals Group, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael A Finsterwald
- Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fiona Stanley Fremantle Hospitals Group, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sonja Häckel
- Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fiona Stanley Fremantle Hospitals Group, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lukas A Holzer
- Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fiona Stanley Fremantle Hospitals Group, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Piers J Yates
- Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fiona Stanley Fremantle Hospitals Group, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; School of Surgery (Orthopaedics), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St John of God Hospital, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Adam R, Moldovan C, Tudorache S, Hârșovescu T, Orban C, Pogărășteanu M, Rusu E. Patellar Resurfacing in Total Knee Arthroplasty, a Never-Ending Controversy; Case Report and Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:383. [PMID: 36766489 PMCID: PMC9914207 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains a lifesaving procedure for advanced gonarthrosis. However, patella resurfacing (PR) in TKA remains a controversial procedure, leading to extensive discussions amongst orthopedic surgeons, regarding its indications and results. Based on these premises, we present a clinical case of a 70-year-old Caucasian woman admitted for pain, swelling and limitation of left knee joint mobility. Her medical history records an Ahlback stage IV gonarthrosis with simultaneous bilateral TKA surgery performed in different hospital, when two NexGen cemented total prostheses were implanted with patellar resurfacing being performed only on the right side. Our clinical (American Knee Society Score, Lonner and Feller scales) and radiological evaluations (CT scan and Xray) revealed left patellar arthrosis and a slight lateral subluxation of the patella. The chosen treatment plan was revision surgery for PR and patellar prosthesis with a cemented patellar component, cross-linked polyethylene, no 32 NexGen model with 8.5 mm thickness. The immediate and distant postoperative evolution was favorable. Extensive literature review shows that, at present, PR remains at surgeon's discretion mainly based on his previous results. Therefore, we believe there is an imperative need to develop high quality studies based on accurate scientific evidence to universally establish valid guidelines for PR in TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan Adam
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of First Aid and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University of Bucharest, 040051 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Moldovan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University of Bucharest, 040051 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of General Surgery, Witting Clinical Hospital, 010243 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Tudorache
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University of Bucharest, 040051 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tudor Hârșovescu
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University of Bucharest, 040051 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Orban
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Intensive Care Unit Department, Monza Oncology Hospital, 013812 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mark Pogărășteanu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Rusu
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University of Bucharest, 040051 Bucharest, Romania
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Clinical applications and prospects of 3D printing guide templates in orthopaedics. J Orthop Translat 2022; 34:22-41. [PMID: 35615638 PMCID: PMC9117878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With increasing requirements for medical effects, and huge differences among individuals, traditional surgical instruments are difficult to meet the patients' growing medical demands. 3D printing is increasingly mature, which connects to medical services critically as well. The patient specific surgical guide plate provides the condition for precision medicine in orthopaedics. Methods In this paper, a systematic review of the orthopedic guide template is presented, where the history of 3D-printing-guided technology, the process of guides, and basic clinical applications of orthopedic guide templates are described. Finally, the limitations of the template and possible future directions are discussed. Results The technology of 3D printing surgical templates is increasingly mature, standard, and intelligent. With the help of guide templates, the surgeon can easily determine the direction and depth of the screw path, and choose the angle and range of osteotomy, increasing the precision, safety, and reliability of the procedure in various types of surgeries. It simplifies the difficult surgical steps and accelerates the growth of young and mid-career physicians. But some problems such as cost, materials, and equipment limit its development. Conclusions In different fields of orthopedics, the use of guide templates can significantly improve surgical accuracy, shorten the surgical time, and reduce intraoperative bleeding and radiation. With the development of 3D printing, the guide template will be standardized and simplified from design to production and use. 3D printing guides will be further sublimated in the application of orthopedics and better serve the patients. The translational potential of this paper Precision, intelligence, and individuation are the future development direction of orthopedics. It is more and more popular as the price of printers falls and materials are developed. In addition, the technology of meta-universe, digital twin, and artificial intelligence have made revolutionary effects on template guides. We aim to summarize recent developments and applications of 3D printing guide templates for engineers and surgeons to develop more accurate and efficient templates.
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McConaghy K, Derr T, Molloy RM, Klika AK, Kurtz S, Piuzzi NS. Patellar management during total knee arthroplasty: a review. EFORT Open Rev 2021; 6:861-871. [PMID: 34760286 PMCID: PMC8559560 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimal management of the patella during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains controversial and surgeons tend to approach the patella with one of three general mindsets: always resurface the patella, never resurface the patella, or selectively resurface the patella based on specific patient or patellar criteria. Studies comparing resurfacing and non-resurfacing of the patella during TKA have reported inconsistent and contradictory findings. When resurfacing the patella is chosen, there are a number of available patellar component designs, materials, and techniques for cutting and fixation. When patellar non-resurfacing is chosen, several alternatives are available, including patellar denervation, lateral retinacular release, and patelloplasty. Surgeons may choose to perform any of these alone, or together in some combination. Prospective randomized studies are needed to better understand which patellar management techniques contribute to superior postoperative outcomes. Until then, this remains a controversial topic, and options for patellar management will need to be weighed on an individual basis per patient.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:861-871. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200156
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara McConaghy
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tabitha Derr
- Implant Research Core, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert M Molloy
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alison K Klika
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven Kurtz
- Implant Research Core, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Exponent, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicolas S Piuzzi
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Conforming patellar button design improves outcome of total knee arthroplasty. Knee 2021; 29:399-404. [PMID: 33711674 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patellar resurfacing is commonly performed during total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and the patellar button design can vary within a TKA implant. Implant design is known to affect patella kinematics, contact mechanics, and ultimately the outcome of TKA. The aim of this study was to compare the patient-reported outcomes of TKA with either a conforming (CP) or medialized dome (MD) patellar component. METHODS The study was a prospective cohort study of 100 TKAs performed between December 2015 and August 2017. We compared a consecutive series of 50 TKA subjects with a CP, with the previous 50 TKA subjects with an MD patella. The primary outcome measure was difference in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Score (KOOS) at 12 months. Other patient-reported outcome measures included EQ5D as a general health measure, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics, KOOS, or EQ5D between the two groups. At 12 months, the CP Group had a higher mean KOOS function score (87 vs. 80, P = 0.04), and greater patient satisfaction (98% vs. 82% satisfied, P = 0.009) compared with the MD group. The CP Group had significantly lower frequency of pain with level walking, less difficulty with stairs, and lower mean EQ5D mobility at 12 months compared with the MD group. CONCLUSIONS TKA performed using a conforming patella has superior results over a medialized dome patellar component for KOOS function, patient satisfaction, walking pain, stair performance, and mobility at 12 months postoperatively. The differences observed with the change in patellar design may be unique to this prosthesis.
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Hsu CP, Lin SC, Nazir A, Wu CT, Chang SS, Chan YS. Design and application of personalized surgical guides to treat complex tibial plateau malunion. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 24:419-428. [PMID: 33063543 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1833193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Intra-articular corrective osteotomy can be used to restore the anatomic position of knee surfaces for tibial plateau malunion (TPM) but precise restoration is not easy. The personalized surgical guide (PSG) might improve the TMP outcomes. This study developed a two-staged PSG method to provide registration and drill the bone for subsequent osteotomy. The tests were performed to compare the accuracy the proposed PSG and the conventional guide (Anterior cruciate ligament guide, ACLG). The results showed that the PSG provides better accuracy (0.50 ± 0.19 mm) than the ACLG (1.58 ± 0.67 mm). The results show the PSG method is a feasible alternative to the conventional ACLG procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Pin Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.,High Speed 3D Printing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Chih Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Aamer Nazir
- High Speed 3D Printing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Chan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Musculoskeletal Multibody Simulation Analysis on the Impact of Patellar Component Design and Positioning on Joint Dynamics after Unconstrained Total Knee Arthroplasty. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13102365. [PMID: 32455672 PMCID: PMC7287668 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patellofemoral (PF) disorders are considered a major clinical complication after total knee replacement (TKR). Malpositioning and design of the patellar component impacts knee joint dynamics, implant fixation and wear propagation. However, only a limited number of studies have addressed the biomechanical impact of the patellar component on PF dynamics and their results have been discussed controversially. To address these issues, we implemented a musculoskeletal multibody simulation (MMBS) study for the systematical analysis of the patellar component’s thickness and positioning on PF contact forces and kinematics during dynamic squat motion with virtually implanted unconstrained cruciate-retaining (CR)-TKR. The patellar button thickness clearly increased the contact forces in the PF joint (up to 27%). Similarly, the PF contact forces were affected by superior–inferior positioning (up to 16%) and mediolateral positioning (up to 8%) of the patellar button. PF kinematics was mostly affected by the mediolateral positioning and the thickness of the patellar component. A medialization of 3 mm caused a lateral patellar shift by up to 2.7 mm and lateral patellar tilt by up to 1.6°. However, deviations in the rotational positioning of the patellar button had minor effects on PF dynamics. Aiming at an optimal intraoperative patellar component alignment, the orthopedic surgeon should pay close attention to the patellar component thickness in combination with its mediolateral and superior–inferior positioning on the retropatellar surface. Our generated MMBS model provides systematic and reproducible insight into the effects of patellar component positioning and design on PF dynamics and has the potential to serve as a preoperative analysis tool.
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Does navigated patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty result in proper bone cut, motion and clinical outcomes? Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 69:168-177. [PMID: 31369961 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In total knee arthroplasty with patellar resurfacing, patellar bone preparation, component positioning and motion assessments are still not navigated. Only femoral/tibial component positioning is supported by computer-assistance. The aim of this study was to verify, in-vivo, whether knee surgical navigation extended to patellar resurfacing, by original instrumentation and procedures for patellar-based tracking, could achieve accurate patella preparation in terms of original thickness restoration, bone cut orientation, and normal knee motion. METHODS An additional navigation system for patellar data acquisition was used together with a standard navigation system for total knee arthroplasty in 20 patients. This supported the surgeon for patellar resurfacing via measurement of removed bone thickness, three-dimensional patellar cut orientations, and patello-femoral motion. Radiological and clinical examinations at 6 and 24-month follow-up were also performed. FINDINGS The medio-lateral patellar-bone cut orientation was respectively 0.5° (standard deviation: 3.0°) and 1.4° (1.7°) lateral tilt, as measured via navigation and post-operatively on the Merchant x-ray view. The cranio-caudal orientation was 3.8° (7.2°) of flexion. The thickness variation between patellar pre- and post-implantation was 0.2 (1.3) mm. Immediately after implantation, patello-femoral as well as tibio-femoral kinematics was within the normality. Good radiological and clinical examinations at 6 and 24-month follow-up were also observed. INTERPRETATION For the first time, the effect of patellar navigation for its resurfacing was assessed in-vivo during surgery, with very good results for thickness restoration, proper cut orientation, and normal knee motion. These results support the introduction of patella-related navigation-based surgical procedures for computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty.
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Roessler PP, Moussa R, Jacobs C, Schüttler KF, Stein T, Schildberg FA, Wirtz DC. Predictors for secondary patellar resurfacing after primary total knee arthroplasty using a “patella-friendly” total knee arthroplasty system. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2018; 43:611-617. [DOI: 10.1007/s00264-018-4075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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