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Chow T, Humble W, Lucarelli E, Onofrillo C, Choong PF, Di Bella C, Duchi S. Feasibility and barriers to rapid establishment of patient-derived primary osteosarcoma cell lines in clinical management. iScience 2024; 27:110251. [PMID: 39286504 PMCID: PMC11403063 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive primary bone tumor that has seen little improvement in survival rates in the past three decades. Preclinical studies are conducted on a small pool of commercial cell lines which may not fully reflect the genetic heterogeneity of this complex cancer, potentially hindering translatability of in vitro results. Developing a single-site laboratory protocol to rapidly establish patient-derived primary cancer cell lines (PCCL) within a clinically actionable time frame of a few weeks will have significant scientific and clinical ramifications. These PCCL can widen the pool of available cell lines for study while patient-specific data could derive therapeutic correlation. This endeavor is exceedingly challenging considering the proposed time constraints. By proposing key definitions and a clear theoretical framework, this evaluation of osteosarcoma cell line establishment methodology over the past three decades assesses feasibility by identifying barriers and suggesting solutions, thereby facilitating systematic experimentation and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chow
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- BioFab3D-ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - William Humble
- BioFab3D-ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmine Onofrillo
- BioFab3D-ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter F Choong
- BioFab3D-ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- BioFab3D-ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- BioFab3D-ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
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Tuerxun M, Zheng X, Xu J, Yang Q, Yuan T, Zhang C, Zhou S. High expression of DEC2 distinguishes chondroblastic osteosarcoma and promotes tumour growth by activating the VEGFC/VEGFR2 signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18462. [PMID: 38847478 PMCID: PMC11157672 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and young adults. Account for 80% of all OS cases, conventional OS are characterized by the presence of osteoblastic, chondroblastic and fibroblastic cell types. Despite this heterogeneity, therapeutic treatment and prognosis of OS are essentially the same for all OS subtypes. Here, we report that DEC2, a transcriptional repressor, is expressed at higher levels in chondroblastic OS compared with osteoblastic OS. This difference suggests that DEC2 is disproportionately involved in the progression of chondroblastic OS, and thus, DEC2 may represent a possible molecular target for treating this type of OS. In the human chondroblastic-like OS cell line MNNG/HOS, we found that overexpression of DEC2 affects the proliferation of the cells by activating the VEGFC/VEGFR2 signalling pathway. Enhanced expression of DEC2 increased VEGFR2 expression, as well as increased the phosphorylation levels at sites Y951 and Y1175 of VEGFR2. On the one hand, activation of VEGFR2Y1175 enhanced cell proliferation through VEGFR2Y1175-PLCγ1-PKC-SPHK-MEK-ERK signalling. On the other hand, activation of VEGFR2Y951 decreased mitochondria-dependent apoptosis rate through VEGFR2Y951-VARP-PI3K-AKT signalling. Activation of these two signalling pathways resulted in enhanced progression of chondroblastic OS. In conclusion, DEC2 plays a pivotal role in cell proliferation and apoptosis-resistance in chondroblastic OS via the VEGFC/VEGFR2 signalling pathway. These findings lay the groundwork for developing focused treatments that target specific types of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimaitiaili Tuerxun
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xu Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Quanjun Yang
- Department of PharmacyShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shumin Zhou
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Leitner N, Ertl R, Gabner S, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A, Walter I, Hlavaty J. Isolation and Characterization of Novel Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Lines from Chemotherapy-Naïve Patients. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071026. [PMID: 37048099 PMCID: PMC10093184 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to establish novel canine osteosarcoma cell lines (COS3600, COS3600B, COS4074) and characterize the recently described COS4288 cells. The established D-17 cell line served as a reference. Analyzed cell lines differed notably in their biological characteristics. Calculated doubling times were between 22 h for COS3600B and 426 h for COS4074 cells. COS3600B and COS4288 cells produced visible colonies after anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. COS4288 cells were identified as cells with the highest migratory capacity. All cells displayed the ability to invade through an artificial basement membrane matrix. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed the mesenchymal origin of all COS cell lines as well as positive staining for the osteosarcoma-relevant proteins alkaline phosphatase and karyopherin α2. Expression of p53 was confirmed in all tested cell lines. Gene expression analyses of selected genes linked to cellular immune checkpoints (CD270, CD274, CD276), kinase activity (MET, ERBB2), and metastatic potential (MMP-2, MMP-9) as well as selected long non-coding RNA (MALAT1) and microRNAs (miR-9, miR-34a, miR-93) are provided. All tested cell lines were able to grow as multicellular spheroids. In all spheroids except COS4288, calcium deposition was detected by von Kossa staining. We believe that these new cell lines serve as useful biological models for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Leitner
- Institute of Morphology, Working Group Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Ertl
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Gabner
- Institute of Morphology, Working Group Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ingrid Walter
- Institute of Morphology, Working Group Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juraj Hlavaty
- Institute of Morphology, Working Group Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +431-250-77-3402; Fax: +431-250-77-3490
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Liu Y, Han K, Cao Y, Hu Y, Shao Z, Tong W, Han Y, Liu Y. KLF9 regulates miR-338-3p/NRCAM axis to block the progression of osteosarcoma cells. J Cancer 2022; 13:2029-2039. [PMID: 35399713 PMCID: PMC8990415 DOI: 10.7150/jca.63533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MiR-338-3p is revealed to serve as a tumor suppressor in several carcinomas. Whereas, the effect of miR-338-3p in the progression of osteosarcoma has not been explored. The aim of this paper was to analyze the functional influences of miR-338-3p on osteosarcoma progression and the potential mechanism. Methods: The expression of genes and miRNAs in osteosarcoma cells was assessed via western blotting or quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Osteosarcoma cellular proliferation was explored by MTT and EdU incorporation assay. Osteosarcoma cellular migratory and invasive capacity was explored by wound-healing and transwell assay. Bioinformatics approaches were adopted to predict target genes. The relationships between miR-338-3p and neuron‑glial‑related cell adhesion (NRCAM), between kruppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) and miR-338-3p were verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results: We found that miR-338-3p was reduced in osteosarcoma and that higher expression of miR-338-3p suppressed proliferative, invasive and migratory ability of osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, the result showed that overexpression of NRCAM could reduce the anti-tumor role of miR-338-3p in osteosarcoma cells. In addition, we found that overexpression of KLF9 could enhance the expression level of miR-338-3p in osteosarcoma cells. Conclusion: The KLF9/miR-338-3p/NRCAM axis played a significant role in regulating osteosarcoma progression, which may become a promising therapeutic method for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kuijing Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Yulin Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuxiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yanjiu Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Moynihan E, Bassi G, Ruffini A, Panseri S, Montesi M, Velasco-Torrijos T, Montagner D. Click Pt(IV)-Carbohydrates Pro-Drugs for Treatment of Osteosarcoma. Front Chem 2021; 9:795997. [PMID: 34950638 PMCID: PMC8688915 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.795997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The selectivity vs. cancer cells has always been a major challenge for chemotherapeutic agents and in particular for cisplatin, one of the most important anticancer drugs for the treatment of several types of tumors. One strategy to overtake this challenge is to modify the coordination sphere of the metallic center with specific vectors whose receptors are overexpressed in the tumoral cell membrane, such as monosaccharides. In this paper, we report the synthesis of four novel glyco-modified Pt(IV) pro-drugs, based on cisplatin scaffold, and their biological activity against osteosarcoma (OS), a malignant tumor affecting in particular adolescents and young adults. The sugar moiety and the Pt scaffold are linked exploiting the Copper Azide Alkyne Cycloaddition (CUAAC) reaction, which has become the flagship of click chemistry due to its versatility and mild conditions. Cytotoxicity and drug uptake on three different OS cell lines as well as CSCs (Cancer Stem Cell) are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Moynihan
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Giada Bassi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Ruffini
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| | - Silvia Panseri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| | - Monica Montesi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| | - Trinidad Velasco-Torrijos
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.,Kathleen Londsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Diego Montagner
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.,Kathleen Londsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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Establishment and characterization of a highly metastatic human osteosarcoma cell line from osteosarcoma lung metastases. J Bone Oncol 2021; 29:100378. [PMID: 34221892 PMCID: PMC8243521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ZOSL-1 was the first report that isolated directly from lung metastases of OS. ZOSL-1 cells were highly metastatic, and the lung metastasis rate was 100% in vivo. ZOSL-1 cells were high expression in GNAS, SCARB1 and CXCR4 genes.
OS (Osteosarcoma) is the most common malignant tumor in adolescents, and lung metastasis limits its therapeutic outcome. The present study aimed to establish a highly metastatic human OS cell line directly from lung metastases and characterize its biological functions. In this study, epithelioid tumor cells with large nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio and abundant organelles were obtained by the tissue mass adherent and repeated digestion adherent method and named ZOSL-1 cells. ZOSL-1 cells had the potential to proliferate in vitro with a doubling time of 39.28 ± 3.04 h and migrate with or without a matrix. ZOSL-1 cells were tumorigenic in vivo, and had the ability to develop lung metastasis after intratibial injection. ZOSL-1 cells expressed the osteogenic-related genes osteocalcin and osteopontin. In addition, the expression of ZOSL-1 in Fas cell surface death receptor (FAS), CD44 molecule (CD44), GNAS complex locus (GNAS), scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1), C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), cadherin 11 (CDH11), neurofibromin 2 (NF2) and ezrin (EZR) genes may be related to its transfer efficiency. Taken together, these results indicated the high metastatic capability and important biological functions of ZOSL-1 cells. ZOSL-1 establishment provided a relevant model for the study of osteosarcoma lung metastasis.
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Thanindratarn P, Li X, Dean DC, Nelson SD, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. Establishment and Characterization of a Recurrent Osteosarcoma Cell Line: OSA 1777. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:902-910. [PMID: 31736134 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone malignancy overall and is responsible for considerable adolescent mortality. Approximately 850 patients are newly diagnosed with OSA in the United States each year. While the 5-year survival rate for localized OSA has improved from <20% over 40 years ago to over 65% today, progress has dwindled over the past three decades. Therapeutic stagnation has occurred, in part, as a result of limited preclinical models and the overall heterogeneity of OSA among patients. In this study, we report the establishment and characterization of a novel OSA cell line: OSA 1777. This cell line was isolated from the recurrent tumor specimen of a 19-year-old female who initially experienced 99% tumor necrosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and eventually had local recurrence and metastases. We present OSA 1777 growth characteristics, tumor markers, chemotherapeutic sensitivities, and oncogenic spheroid formation. In a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture, OSA 1777 exhibited a spindle shape and 60 h doubling time. STR DNA profiling revealed a unique genomic identity not matching any existing human cancer cell lines from the ATCC or DSMZ databases. Consistent with the mesenchymal origin, western blot was positive for vimentin and negative for the carcinoma marker cytokeratin. Within three-dimensional (3D) culture, the cells formed spheroids of similar patterning and smaller size compared with MNNG-HOS and U2OS cell lines. The chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity of OSA 1777 was evaluated in both 2D and 3D culture systems. In summary, we report OSA 1777 as a novel biological model of OSA amenable to future studies focused on OSA that recurs despite an initially strong chemotherapeutic response. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:902-910, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichaya Thanindratarn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chulabhorn Hospital, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dylan C Dean
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Mitochondrial Pathway Is Involved in Advanced Glycation End Products-Induced Apoptosis of Rabbit Annulus Fibrosus Cells. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44:E585-E595. [PMID: 30407277 PMCID: PMC6504123 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to evaluate whether advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) induce annulus fibrosus (AF) cell apoptosis and further to explore the mechanism by which this process occurs. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Recent studies revealed that AGEs accumulation is considered an important factor in diabetic intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. However, the effect of AGEs on intervertebral disc remains unclear. METHODS AF cells were treated with various concentrations of AGEs for 3 days. Cell viability and cell proliferation were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis was examined by Annexin V/PI apoptosis detection kit and Hoechst 33342. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, caspase-3, and caspase-9, was detected by western blotting. In addition, Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels were detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of AF cell were examined by 5,5',6,6' -Tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'- tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining and 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probes, respectively. RESULTS Our results indicated that AGEs had inhibitory effects on AF cell proliferation and induced AF cell apoptosis. The molecular data showed that AGEs significantly up-regulated Bax expression and inhibited Bcl-2 expression. In addition, AGEs increased the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and enhanced caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. Moreover, treatment with AGEs resulted in a decrease in MMP and the accumulation of intracellular ROS in AF cells. The antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly reversed AGE-induced MMP decrease and AF cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION These results suggested that AGEs induce rabbit AF cell apoptosis and mitochondrial pathway may be involved in AGEs-mediated cell apoptosis, which may provide a theoretical basis for diabetic IVD degeneration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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The dual role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in modulating parthanatos and autophagy under oxidative stress in rat cochlear marginal cells of the stria vascularis. Redox Biol 2017; 14:361-370. [PMID: 29049980 PMCID: PMC5641921 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is reported to regulate several apoptotic and necrotic cell death pathways in auditory tissues. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) can be activated under oxidative stress, which is the hallmark of parthanatos. Autophagy, which serves either a pro-survival or pro-death function, can also be stimulated by oxidative stress, but the role of autophagy and its relationship with parthanatos underlying this activation in the inner ear remains unknown. In this study, we established an oxidative stress model in vitro by glucose oxidase/glucose (GO/G), which could continuously generate low concentrations of H2O2 to mimic continuous exposure to H2O2 in physiological conditions, for investigation of oxidative stress-induced cell death mechanisms and the regulatory role of PARP-1 in this process. We observed that GO/G induced stria marginal cells (MCs) death via upregulation of PARP-1 expression, accumulation of polyADP-ribose (PAR) polymers, decline of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), which all are biochemical features of parthanatos. PARP-1 knockdown rescued GO/G-induced MCs death, as well as abrogated downstream molecular events of PARP-1 activation. In addition, we demonstrated that GO/G stimulated autophagy and PARP-1 knockdown suppressed GO/G-induced autophagy in MCs. Interestingly, autophagy suppression by 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) accelerated GO/G-induced parthanatos, indicating a pro-survival function of autophagy in GO/G-induced MCs death. Taken together, these data suggested that PARP-1 played dual roles by modulating parthanatos and autophagy in oxidative stress-induced MCs death, which may be considered as a promising therapeutic target for ameliorating oxidative stress-related hearing disorders. The model mimicked continuous exposure to H2O2 in physiological conditions. GO/G induced parthanatos and autophagy in MCs. GO/G-induced parthanatos and autophagy are mediated by PARP-1. Autophagy inhibition by 3-MA sensitizes MCs to GO/G-induced parthanatos. PARP-1 plays a dual role by modulating parthanatos and autophagy under GO/G-induced oxidative stress in MCs.
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