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Zhou X, Gao M, De X, Sun T, Bai Z, Luo J, Wang F, Ge J. Bacterium-like particles derived from probiotics: progress, challenges and prospects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1263586. [PMID: 37868963 PMCID: PMC10587609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1263586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterium-like particles (BLPs) are hollow peptidoglycan particles obtained from food-grade Lactococcus lactis inactivated by hot acid. With the advantage of easy preparation, high safety, great stability, high loading capacity, and high mucosal delivery efficiency, BLPs can load and display proteins on the surface with the help of protein anchor (PA), making BLPs a proper delivery system. Owning to these features, BLPs are widely used in the development of adjuvants, vaccine carriers, virus/antigens purification, and enzyme immobilization. This review has attempted to gather a full understanding of the technical composition, characteristics, applications. The mechanism by which BLPs induces superior adaptive immune responses is also discussed. Besides, this review tracked the latest developments in the field of BLPs, including Lactobacillus-derived BLPs and novel anchors. Finally, the main limitations and proposed breakthrough points to further enhance the immunogenicity of BLPs vaccines were discussed, providing directions for future research. We hope that further developments in the field of antigen delivery of subunit vaccines or others will benefit from BLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingchun Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinqi De
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhikun Bai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jilong Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Harbin, China
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Wang Q, Wang S, Shi Z, Li Z, Zhao Y, Feng N, Bi J, Jiao C, Li E, Wang T, Wang J, Jin H, Huang P, Yan F, Yang S, Xia X. GEM-PA-Based Subunit Vaccines of Crimean Congo Hemor-Rhagic Fever Induces Systemic Immune Responses in Mice. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081664. [PMID: 36016285 PMCID: PMC9416392 DOI: 10.3390/v14081664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne bunyavirus of the Narovirus genus, which is the causative agent of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). CCHF is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Asia, with a high case-fatality rate of up to 50% in humans. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or effective therapies available for CCHF. The GEM-PA is a safe, versatile and effective carrier system, which offers a cost-efficient, high-throughput platform for recovery and purification of subunit proteins for vaccines. In the present study, based on a GEM-PA surface display system, a GEM-PA based vaccine expressing three subunit vaccine candidates (G-GP, including G-eGN, G-eGC and G-NAb) of CCHFV was developed, displaying the ectodomains of the structural glycoproteins eGN, eGC and NAb, respectively. According to the immunological assays including indirect-ELISA, a micro-neutralization test of pseudo-virus and ELISpot, 5 μg GPBLP3 combined with Montanide ISA 201VG plus Poly (I:C) adjuvant (A-G-GP-5 μg) elicited GP-specific humoral and cellular immunity in BALB/c mice after three vaccinations via subcutaneous injection (s.c.). The consistent data between IgG subtype and cytokine detection, ELISpot and cytokine detection indicated balanced Th1 and Th2 responses, of which G-eGN vaccines could elicit a stronger T-cell response post-vaccination, respectively. Moreover, all three vaccine candidates elicited high TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokine levels in the supernatant of stimulated splenocytes in vitro. However, the neutralizing antibody (nAb) was only detected in A-G-eGC and A-G-eGC vaccination groups with the highest neutralizing titer of 128, suggesting that G-eGC could elicit a stronger humoral immune response. In conclusion, the GEM-PA surface display system could provide an efficient and convenient purification method for CCHFV subunit antigens, and the G-GP subunit vaccine candidates will be promising against CCHFV infections with excellent immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Zhikang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
- Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Zhengrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (C.J.); (H.J.); (P.H.)
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Jinhao Bi
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
- Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Cuicui Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (C.J.); (H.J.); (P.H.)
| | - Entao Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Hongli Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (C.J.); (H.J.); (P.H.)
| | - Pei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (C.J.); (H.J.); (P.H.)
| | - Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (S.Y.); (X.X.)
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (S.Y.); (X.X.)
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (S.Y.); (X.X.)
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Hu M, Wang F, Li N, Xing G, Sun X, Zhang Y, Cao S, Cui N, Zhang G. An antigen display system of GEM nanoparticles based on affinity peptide ligands. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:574-584. [PMID: 34699894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) nanoparticles are often used in mucosal immunity, preparation of subunit vaccines or as an immune adjuvant due to its good immunological activities in recent years. Here, we designed and screened out a high affinity peptide ligand PL23, which could specifically target the non-epitope region of Classic Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) E2 protein, by virtual screening technology, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) test. The OD value of PL23 at 450 nm was reached 1.982, and the KD value of it was 90.12 nM. Its binding capacity to protein was verified by SDS-PAGE as well. PL23 was subsequently conjugated to GEM nanoparticles by dehydration synthesis generating GEM-PL23 particles, and the GEM-PL-E2 particles were assembled after incubated with CSFV E2 protein. The cytotoxic test indicated that PL23, CSFV E2 protein, GEM nanoparticles, GEM-PL23 particles and GEM-PL-E2 particles were not toxic to cells and GEM nanoparticles could significantly promote the growth of APCs at high concentration for 1 h, p<0.001. In addition, GEM nanoparticles could promote the uptake of antigen by APCs. The cytokines tests suggested that GEM-PL-E2 particles could promote innate immune responses, regulate adaptive immune responses generated by T cells and APCs, and promote the differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells without producing inflammasomes. The results of immunological activity identification showed GEM-PL-E2 particles induced higher levels of both neutralizing antibodies and anti-CSFV antibodies than CSFV E2 protein in mice. This strategy provided a new, simpler, faster and cheaper method for assembling GEM nanoparticles, using an affinity peptide ligand replaced the protein anchor (PA), and provided a better application prospect for the application of GEM particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guangxu Xing
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yunshang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ningning Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Surface display of classical swine fever virus E2 glycoprotein on gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) particles via the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 167:105526. [PMID: 31689499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The E2 envelope protein is the main protective antigen of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Importantly, gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) particles can work as an immunostimulant and/or carrier system to improve the immune effect of antigens. In this study, the artificially designed E2-Spy was expressed and glycosylated in Pichia pastoris, and subsequently conjugated with SpyCatcher-PA which was expressed in Escherichia coli. The conjugated E2-Spy-PA was displayed on the surface of GEM particles, generating the E2-Spy-PA-GEM complex. Blocking ELISA analysis and neutralization assays showed that both E2-Spy and E2-Spy-PA-GEM complexes induced high levels of anti-CSFV antibodies in mice. Furthermore, statistical analyses indicated that the E2-Spy-PA-GEM complex exhibited enhanced immunogenicity compared with E2-Spy alone.
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Fu L, Guo Y, Sun Y, Dong Y, Wu J, Yu B, Zhang H, Yu X, Wu H, Kong W. A novel Aβ epitope vaccine based on bacterium-like particle against Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:259-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Glasgow AA, Wong HT, Tullman-Ercek D. A Secretion-Amplification Role for Salmonella enterica Translocon Protein SipD. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:1006-1015. [PMID: 28301138 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial type III secretion system (T3SS) is an important target for enabling high-titer production of proteins of biotechnological interest as well as for synthetic biology applications that rely on protein delivery to host cells. The T3SS forms a membrane-embedded needle complex that is capped by the translocon proteins and extends into the extracellular space. The needle tip complex in Salmonella enterica consists of three translocon proteins: SipB, SipC, and SipD. It is known that knocking out sipD disrupts T3SS regulation to cause constitutive secretion of native proteins. However, we discovered that complementation of SipD in trans via exogenous addition to T3SS-expressing cultures further improves heterologous protein secretion titers, suggesting a previously unknown but important role for this protein. Building on this knowledge, we have engineered a hyper-secreting strain of S. enterica for a greater than 100-fold improvement in the production of a variety of biotechnologically valuable heterologous proteins that are challenging to produce, such as toxic antimicrobial peptides and proteolysis-prone biopolymer proteins. We determined that transcription by several T3SS promoters is upregulated with the addition of SipD, that the N-terminal domain of SipD is sufficient to observe the increased secretion phenotype, and that the effect is post-transcriptional and post-translational. These results lend support to the use of bacterial secretion as a powerful protein production strategy, and the hypothesis that translocon proteins contribute to type III secretion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Azam Glasgow
- UC
Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Han Teng Wong
- Department
of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Danielle Tullman-Ercek
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center
for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Surface display on lactic acid bacteria without genetic modification: strategies and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9407-9421. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chen X, Choudhari SP, Kumar P, Toth RT, Kim JH, Van Roosmalen ML, Leenhouts K, Middaugh CR, Picking WL, Picking WD. Biophysical Characterization of the Type III Secretion System Translocator Proteins and the Translocator Proteins Attached to Bacterium-Like Particles. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:4065-4073. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Heine SJ, Franco-Mahecha OL, Chen X, Choudhari S, Blackwelder WC, van Roosmalen ML, Leenhouts K, Picking WL, Pasetti MF. Shigella IpaB and IpaD displayed on L. lactis bacterium-like particles induce protective immunity in adult and infant mice. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:641-52. [PMID: 25776843 PMCID: PMC4534326 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Shigella spp. are among the enteric pathogens with the
highest attributable incidence of moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children under
5 years of age living in endemic areas. There are no vaccines available to
prevent this disease. In this work, we investigated a new
Shigella vaccine concept consisting of non-living,
self-adjuvanted, Lactococcus lactis bacterium-like particles
(BLP) displaying Shigella invasion plasmid antigen (Ipa) B and
IpaD and examined its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in adult and
newborn/infant mice immunized via the nasal route. Unique advantages of this
approach include the potential for broad protection due to the highly conserved
structure of the Ipas and the safety and practicality of a probiotic-based
mucosal/adjuvant delivery platform. Immunization of adult mice with BLP-IpaB and
BLP-IpaD (BLP-IpaB/D) induced high levels of Ipa-specific serum IgG and stool
IgA in a dose-dependent manner. Immune responses and protection were enhanced by
BLP delivery. Vaccine-induced serum antibodies exhibited opsonophagocytic and
cytotoxic neutralizing activity, and IpaB/D IgG titers correlated with increased
survival post-challenge. Ipa-specific antibody secreting cells were detected in
nasal tissue and lungs, as well as IgG in bronchoalveolar lavage. Bone marrow
cells produced IpaB/D-specific antibodies and contributed to protection after
adoptive transfer. The BLP-IpaB/D vaccine conferred 90% and 80%
protection against S. flexneri and S. sonnei,
respectively. Mice immunized with BLP-IpaB/D as newborns also developed IpaB and
IpaD serum antibodies; 90% were protected against S.
flexneri and 44% against S. sonnei. The
BLP-IpaB/D vaccine is a promising candidate for safe, practical and potentially
effective immunization of children against shigellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J Heine
- 1] Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olga L Franco-Mahecha
- 1] Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Shyamal Choudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - William C Blackwelder
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Wendy L Picking
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Marcela F Pasetti
- 1] Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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