p-Phenylenediamine as a Schistosomicidal Agent and Its Condensation with Acetoacetic Ester

6 Final Report on the Safety Assessment of p-Phenylenediamine

p-Phenylenediamine is a cosmetic hair dye intermediate used in permanent hair coloring products at concentrations of up to 5 percent (diluted 1:1 with an oxidizing agent prior to application). The extensive animal toxicity test data on p-Phenylenediamine and permanent cosmetic hair dyes containing this compound show that the degree of toxicity varies with concentration, test system and animal species. Animal data support a conclusion that this compound is neither a teratogen nor a carcinogen. Epidemiological data also support that hair dyes containing this ingredient are not carcinogenic. p-Phenylenediamine is a sensitizer and some persons may be sensitized under intended conditions of use.

For those persons not sensitized, it is concluded that p-Phenylenediamine is safe as a hair dye ingredient at the current concentrations of use.

Convenient Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Tricyclic Azine Derivatives

1,4-Phenylenediamine reacted readily with 2 mol of ethyl acetoacetate to give diethyl ( 2Z,2′Z)-3,3′-[(1,4-phenylene)-bisimino]dibut-2-enoate, which reacted with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal, activated methylene nitriles, ylidenemalononitriles and phenyl and benzoyl isothiocyanate to give, respectively, a 4,7-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarb-oxylate-1,10-diol, and tricyclic bispyridine and bispyrimidine derivatives. Two compounds showed strong antibacterial activity against several microorganisms, while six others showed high to moderate activity.