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Zeng H, Wang Y, Han H, Cao Y, Wang B. Changes in Key Aroma Compounds and Esterase Activity of Monascus-Fermented Cheese across a 30-Day Ripening Period. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244026. [PMID: 36553768 PMCID: PMC9778608 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Monascus-fermented cheese (MC) is a new type of mold-ripened cheese that combines a traditional Chinese fermentation fungus, Monascus purpureus M1, with Western cheese fermentation techniques. In this study, the compositions of the volatile aroma compounds in MC were analyzed during a 30-day ripening period using SPME-Arrow and GC-O-MS. The activity of esterase in MC, which is a key enzyme catalyzing esterification reaction, was determined and compared with the control group (CC). Next, sensory analysis was conducted via quantitative descriptive analysis followed by Pearson correlation analysis between esterase activity and the key flavor compounds. A total of 76 compounds were detected. Thirty-three of these compounds could be smelled at the sniffing port and were identified as the key aroma compounds. The esterase activity in MC was found to be 1.24~1.33 times that of the CC. Moreover, the key odor features of ripened MC were alcohol and fruity flavors, considerably deviating from the sour and cheesy features found for the ripened CC. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that esterase activity was strongly correlated (|r|> 0.75, p < 0.05) with various acids such as pentanoic and nonanoic acids and several aromatic esters, namely, octanoic acid ethyl ester and decanoic acid ethyl ester, revealing the key role that esterases play in developing the typical aroma of ripened MC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bei Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-68984547
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Wang Q, Zhang Q, Liu K, An J, Zhang S, Chen Q, Zhang J. Optimization of solid-state fermentation technology and analysis of key aroma components of compound rice wine. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-21-00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Lab of Aromatic Plant Resources Exploitation and Utilization in Sichuan Higher Education, Yunnan Agricultural University
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University
| | - Kunyi Liu
- College of Wuliangye Technology and Food Engineering, Yibin Vocational and Technical College
| | - Jiangshan An
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University
| | - Shufan Zhang
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- College of Wuliangye Technology and Food Engineering, Yibin Vocational and Technical College
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Lin X, Ren X, Huang Y, Liang Z, Li W, Su H, He Z. Regional characteristics and discrimination of the fermentation starter Hong Qu in traditional rice wine brewing. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozi Lin
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350003 China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing Fuzhou Fujian 350013 China
| | - Xiangyun Ren
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350003 China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing Fuzhou Fujian 350013 China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350003 China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing Fuzhou Fujian 350013 China
| | - Zhangcheng Liang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350003 China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing Fuzhou Fujian 350013 China
| | - Weixin Li
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350003 China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing Fuzhou Fujian 350013 China
| | - Hao Su
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350003 China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing Fuzhou Fujian 350013 China
| | - Zhigang He
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350003 China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing Fuzhou Fujian 350013 China
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Zhou K, Wu L, Chen G, Liu Z, Zhao X, Zhang C, Lv X, Zhang W, Rao P, Ni L. Development of a Novel Restrictive Medium for Monascus Enrichment From Hongqu Based on the Synergistic Stress of Lactic Acid and Ethanol. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:702951. [PMID: 34234769 PMCID: PMC8256164 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.702951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hongqu is a famous fermented food produced by Monascus and has been used as food coloring, wine starters and food additives for thousands of years in China. Excellent Monascus strain is an important prerequisite for producing high-quality Hongqu. However, the isolation of Monascus pure culture from Hongqu samples is time-consuming and laborious because it is easily interfered by other microorganisms (especially filamentous fungi). Therefore, the development of restrictive medium for Monascus enrichment from Hongqu is of great significance for the preparation and screening of excellent Monascus strains. Results of this study showed that Monascus has good tolerance to lactic acid and ethanol. Under the conditions of tolerance limits [7.5% lactic acid (v/v) and 12.0% ethanol (v/v)], Monascus could not grow but it still retained the vitality of spore germination, and the spore activity gradually decreased with the increasing concentrations of lactic acid and ethanol. More interestingly, the addition of lactic acid and ethanol significantly changed the microbial community structure in rice milk inoculated with Hongqu. After response surface optimization, Monascus could be successfully enriched without the interference of other microorganisms when 3.98% (v/v) lactic acid and 6.24% (v/v) ethanol were added to rice milk simultaneously. The optimal enrichment duration of Monascus by the restrictive medium based on the synergistic stress of lactic acid and ethanol is 8∼24 h. The synergistic stress of lactic acid and ethanol had no obvious effects on the accumulation of major metabolites in the progeny of Monascus, and was suitable for the enrichment of Monascus from different types of Hongqu. Finally, the possible mechanisms on the tolerance of Monascus to the synergistic stress of lactic acid and ethanol were preliminarily studied. Under the synergistic stress of lactic acid and ethanol, the cell membrane of Monascus defends against lactic acid and ethanol into cells to some extent, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities of Monascus were higher than those of other fungi, which significantly reduced the degree of lipid peroxidation of cell membrane, while secreting more amylase to make reducing sugars to provide the cells with enough energy to resist environmental stress. This work has great application value for the construction of Monascus strain library and the better development of its germplasm resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangxi Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Center of Excellence for Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Wu
- Fujian Center of Excellence for Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guimei Chen
- Fujian Center of Excellence for Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- Fujian Center of Excellence for Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinze Zhao
- Fujian Center of Excellence for Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Fujian Center of Excellence for Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xucong Lv
- Fujian Center of Excellence for Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Fujian Center of Excellence for Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pingfan Rao
- Fujian Center of Excellence for Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Ni
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Center of Excellence for Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
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