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Bechynska K, Sedlak J, Uttl L, Kosek V, Vackova P, Kocourek V, Hajslova J. Metabolomics on Apple ( Malus domestica) Cuticle-Search for Authenticity Markers. Foods 2024; 13:1308. [PMID: 38731678 PMCID: PMC11083494 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The profile of secondary metabolites present in the apple cuticular layer is not only characteristic of a particular apple cultivar; it also dynamically reflects various external factors in the growing environment. In this study, the possibility of authenticating apple samples by analyzing their cuticular layer extracts was investigated. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) was employed for obtaining metabolomic fingerprints. A total of 274 authentic apple samples from four cultivars harvested in the Czech Republic and Poland between 2020 and 2022 were analyzed. The complex data generated, processed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods, enabled the building of classification models to distinguish apple cultivars as well as their geographical origin. The models showed very good performance in discriminating Czech and Polish samples for three out of four cultivars: "Gala", "Golden Delicious" and "Idared". Moreover, the validity of the models was tested over several harvest seasons. In addition to metabolites of the triterpene biosynthetic pathway, the diagnostic markers were mainly wax esters. "Jonagold", which is known to be susceptible to mutations, was the only cultivar for which an unambiguous classification of geographical origin was not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Bechynska
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (L.U.); (V.K.); (P.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Jiri Sedlak
- Reserach and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy, Holovousy 129, 50801 Holovousy, Czech Republic;
| | - Leos Uttl
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (L.U.); (V.K.); (P.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Vit Kosek
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (L.U.); (V.K.); (P.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Petra Vackova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (L.U.); (V.K.); (P.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Vladimir Kocourek
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (L.U.); (V.K.); (P.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (L.U.); (V.K.); (P.V.); (V.K.)
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Mamoona T, Rafique N, Zubair Khan M, Shafique Ahmad K, Bashir S, Ali Shah T, Salamatullah AM, Mekonnen AB, Bourhia M. Phytonutritional and Sensorial Assessment of a Novel Functional Beverage Formulated from an Underutilized Fruit of Carissa spinarum L. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32643-32655. [PMID: 37720775 PMCID: PMC10500662 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Carissa spinarum L. belongs to the family Apocynaceae. It is a native shrub of Asia, locally known as Karonda or Karanda, and is an underutilized crop throughout the Asian region. The Karonda fruit is a rich source of vitamin C, minerals, phenolics, antioxidants, flavonoids, and other biofunctional compounds. The lack of awareness and knowledge among the community results in the wastage of fruits. Therefore, the present research was designed to formulate an easy-to-prepare beverage drink using C. spinarum fruit to evaluate the nutritional potential of the undervalued Karonda fruit. A beverage drink was formulated with three pulp concentrations: 20, 30, and 40%, each having 12, 14, and 16 °Brix, respectively. A total of nine treatments were prepared and stored for up to 10 weeks in refrigerated storage. The physicochemical parameters, such as pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C, total sugars, anthocyanin, total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidants, were measured at two-week intervals from 0 to 10 weeks. Additionally, a sensory assessment of the beverage was conducted. A decreasing trend in titratable acidity was exhibited among all the treatments (from treatment 1 to treatment 9), with the values decreasing from 0.815 to 0.556 as the fruit concentration increased. On the other hand, an increasing trend was observed for pH (from 3.04 to 3.37), vitamin C (from 22.2 to 31.48), reducing and non-reducing sugars, anthocyanin (from 31.95 to 110), total phenolics (from 19.86 to 32.16), flavonoids (from 0.64 to 0.77), and antioxidants (from 48.8 to 67.6) from treatment 1 to treatment 9, respectively. The sensory studies of the beverage formulations revealed that treatment 9, which consisted of a 40% fruit base and 16 °Brix, was the most acceptable for further development of the beverage at a commercial scale. This study represents a novel scientific contribution toward the utilization of the undervalued fruit of C. spinarum L. for the development of a beverage product. Ultimately, it has the potential to address food insecurity issues worldwide while offering its associated health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turfa Mamoona
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, University
of Poonch Rawalakot, Poonch, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Nagina Rafique
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, University
of Poonch Rawalakot, Poonch, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair Khan
- Department
of Plant Breeding and Molecular Genetics, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Poonch, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Khawaja Shafique Ahmad
- Department
of Botany, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Poonch, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Kashmir Pakistan
| | - Saiqa Bashir
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, University
of Poonch Rawalakot, Poonch, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Tawaf Ali Shah
- College
of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department
of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural
Sciences, King Saud University, 11 P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amare Bitew Mekonnen
- Department
of Biology, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar 6000, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Departement
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune 70000, Morocco
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Recent advances in Chinese food authentication and origin verification using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2023; 398:133896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Xu S, Zhao C, Deng X, Zhang R, Qu L, Wang M, Ren S, Wu H, Yue Z, Niu B. Determining the geographical origin of milk by multivariate analysis based on stable isotope ratios, elements and fatty acids. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:2537-2548. [PMID: 34013914 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00339a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To construct a reliable discrimination model for determining milk geographical origin, stable isotope ratios including δ13C, δ15N and δ18O, 51 elements and 35 fatty acids (FAs) in milk samples from Australia, New Zealand and Austria were detected and analyzed. It is found that all of the stable isotope ratios in the milk samples of Australia are the highest, followed by those of the samples from New Zealand and Austria. In addition, 14 elements and 8 FAs show different contents in the samples of different countries at the significance level of P < 0.05. Based on these results, a multivariate model with good robustness and predictive ability for authenticating milk origin (R2X = 0.693, Q2 = 0.854) was successfully constructed. Element contents and stable isotope ratios are more reliable variables for milk origin discrimination and Rb, δ18O, Tl, Ba, Mo, Sr, δ15N, Cs, As, Eu, C20:4n6, Sc, C13:0, K, Ca and C16:1n7 are the critical markers in the multivariate model for verifying milk origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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