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Pishchik VN, Filippova PS, Mirskaya GV, Khomyakov YV, Vertebny VE, Dubovitskaya VI, Ostankova YV, Semenov AV, Chakrabarty D, Zuev EV, Chebotar VK. Epiphytic PGPB Bacillus megaterium AFI1 and Paenibacillus nicotianae AFI2 Improve Wheat Growth and Antioxidant Status under Ni Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2334. [PMID: 34834698 PMCID: PMC8620400 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the Ni toxicity-ameliorating and growth-promoting abilities of two different bacterial isolates when applied to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as the host plant. Two bacterial strains tolerant to Ni stress were isolated from wheat seeds and selected based on their ability to improve the germination of wheat plants; they were identified as Bacillus megaterium AFI1 and Paenibacillus nicotianae AFI2. The protective effects of these epiphytic bacteria against Ni stress were studied in model experiments with two wheat cultivars: Ni stress-tolerant Leningradskaya 6 and susceptible Chinese spring. When these isolates were used as the inoculants applied to Ni-treated wheat plants, the growth parameters and the levels of photosynthetic pigments of the two wheat cultivars both under normal and Ni-stress conditions were increased, though B. megaterium AFI1 had a more pronounced ameliorative effect on the Ni contents in plant tissues due to its synthesis of siderophores. Over the 10 days of Ni exposure, the plant growth promotion bacteria (PGPB) significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation (LPO), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and proline content in the leaves of both wheat cultivars. The PGPB also increased peroxidase (POX) activity and the levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in the wheat leaves. It was concluded that B. megaterium AFI1 is an ideal candidate for bioremediation and wheat growth promotion against Ni-induced oxidative stress, as it increases photosynthetic pigment contents, induces the antioxidant defense system, and lowers Ni metal uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika N. Pishchik
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelskogo hwy, 3, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Agrophysical Scientific Research Institute, Grazhdansky pr. 14, 195220 St. Petersburg, Russia; (G.V.M.); (Y.V.K.); (V.E.V.); (V.I.D.)
| | - Polina S. Filippova
- St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, North-West Centre of Interdisciplinary Researches of Problems of Food Maintenance, Podbelskogo hwy, 7, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Galina V. Mirskaya
- Agrophysical Scientific Research Institute, Grazhdansky pr. 14, 195220 St. Petersburg, Russia; (G.V.M.); (Y.V.K.); (V.E.V.); (V.I.D.)
| | - Yuriy V. Khomyakov
- Agrophysical Scientific Research Institute, Grazhdansky pr. 14, 195220 St. Petersburg, Russia; (G.V.M.); (Y.V.K.); (V.E.V.); (V.I.D.)
| | - Vitaliy E. Vertebny
- Agrophysical Scientific Research Institute, Grazhdansky pr. 14, 195220 St. Petersburg, Russia; (G.V.M.); (Y.V.K.); (V.E.V.); (V.I.D.)
| | - Viktoriya I. Dubovitskaya
- Agrophysical Scientific Research Institute, Grazhdansky pr. 14, 195220 St. Petersburg, Russia; (G.V.M.); (Y.V.K.); (V.E.V.); (V.I.D.)
| | - Yuliya V. Ostankova
- St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare, 14, Mira Str., 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Aleksandr V. Semenov
- Yekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infections, The Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “State Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector”, The Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, 23, Letnyay Str., 620030 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Debasis Chakrabarty
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 22600, India;
| | - Evgeny V. Zuev
- Federal Research Center N. I. Vavilov, All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., 42-44, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Vladimir K. Chebotar
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelskogo hwy, 3, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Review of Sewage Sludge as a Soil Amendment in Relation to Current International Guidelines: A Heavy Metal Perspective. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13042317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Overexploitation of resources makes the reutilization of waste a focal topic of modern society, and the question of the kind of wastes that can be used is continuously raised. Sewage sludge (SS) is derived from the wastewater treatment plants, considered important underused biomass, and can be used as a biofertilizer when properly stabilized due to the high content of inorganic matter, nitrate, and phosphorus. However, a wide range of pollutants can be present in these biosolids, limiting or prohibiting their use as biofertilizer, depending on the type and origin of industrial waste and household products. Long-term applications of these biosolids could substantially increase the concentration of contaminants, causing detrimental effects on the environment and induce hyperaccumulation or phytotoxicity in the produced crops. In this work, some critical parameters for soils and SS agronomic use, such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK), and heavy metals concentration have been reviewed. Several cases of food crop production and the accumulation of heavy metals after SS application are also discussed. SS production, usage, and legislation in EU are assessed to determine the possibility of sustainable management of this bioresource. Additionally, the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines are addressed. The opportunity to produce bioenergy crops, employing sewage sludge to enhance degraded land, is also considered, due to energy security. Although there are numerous advantages of sewage sludge, proper screening for heavy metals in all the variants (biosolids, soil, food products) is a must. SS application requires appropriate strict guidelines with appropriate regulatory oversight to control contamination of agricultural soils.
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Effect of Biowastes on Soil Remediation, Plant Productivity and Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration: A Review. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13215813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
High anthropogenic activities are constantly causing increased soil degradation and thus soil health and safety are becoming an important issue. The soil quality is deteriorating at an alarming rate in the neighborhood of smelters as a result of heavy metal deposition. Organic biowastes, also produced through anthropogenic activities, provide some solutions for remediation and management of degraded soils through their use as a substrate. Biowastes, due to their high content of organic compounds, have the potential to improve soil quality, plant productivity, and microbial activity contributing to higher humus production. Biowaste use also leads to the immobilization and stabilization of heavy metals, carbon sequestration, and release of macro and micronutrients. Increased carbon sequestration through biowaste use helps us in mitigating climate change and global warming. Soil amendment by biowaste increases soil activity and plant productivity caused by stimulation in shoot and root length, biomass production, grain yield, chlorophyll content, and decrease in oxidative stress. However, biowaste application to soils is a debatable issue due to their possible negative effect of high heavy metal concentration and risks of their accumulation in soils. Therefore, regulations for the use of biowastes as fertilizer or soil amendment must be improved and strictly employed to avoid environmental risks and the entry of potentially toxic elements into the food chain. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the effects of biowastes on soil remediation, plant productivity, and soil organic carbon sequestration.
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Rehman RA, Qayyum MF. Co-composts of sewage sludge, farm manure and rock phosphate can substitute phosphorus fertilizers in rice-wheat cropping system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 259:109700. [PMID: 32072947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, various co-composts of sewage sludge (SS), farm manure (FM) and rock phosphate (RP) were prepared and their influence on phosphorus (P) uptake, soil P restoration and growth of rice crop and residual effect on wheat crop were investigated. The treatments comprised of T1 (control, no amendment), T2 (452 kg Nitrophos ha-1, T3 (724 kg SS50:FM50 ha-1), T4 (594 kg SS100:FM0 ha-1), T5 (728 kg SS25:FM25:RP50 ha-1), T6 (726 kg SS5O:FM25:RP25 ha-1), T7 (508 kg SS75:FM0:RP25 ha-1), and T8 (546 kg SS50:FM0:RP50 ha-1). The post-experimental soil samples were analyzed for pH, EC, OM, Olsen's P. The plant samples (grains and straw of both crops) were analyzed for concentrations of P, and heavy metals. The P adsorption by post-wheat composts-amended soil was tested through Langmuir, and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The investigated parameters (biomass, grain and straw yield, plant height and P concentrations in plant parts) were significantly increased in all composts as compared to the control treatment. The P uptake by the plants was higher in compost treatments as compared to the control and NP that shows long-term residual effect of applied composts. The maximum grain yield (1.63 Mg ha-1) was obtained in T5 followed by T6 (1.52 Mg ha-1). The P concentration in rice grains were recorded in the trend as T8 (2.55%) > T6 (2.24%) > T4 (1.92%) = T3 (1.88%) > T7 (1.62%). It is evident that the combined application of FM (25%) and RP (50%) enhanced the effect of SS (25%) in terms of P bioavailability and yield parameters and can be effectively used as P fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Abdur Rehman
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
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Combined Effect of Cadmium and Lead on Durum Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235891. [PMID: 31771264 PMCID: PMC6929116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are two toxic heavy metals (HMs) whose presence in soil is generally low. However, industrial and agricultural activities in recent years have significantly raised their levels, causing progressive accumulations in plant edible tissues, and stimulating research in this field. Studies on toxic metals are commonly focused on a single metal, but toxic metals occur simultaneously. The understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between HMs during uptake is important to design agronomic or genetic strategies to limit contamination of crops. To study the single and combined effect of Cd and Pb on durum wheat, a hydroponic experiment was established to examine the accumulation of the two HMs. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms activated in the roots were investigated paying attention to transcription factors (bHLH family), heavy metal transporters and genes involved in the biosynthesis of metal chelators (nicotianamine and mugineic acid). Cd and Pb are accumulated following different molecular strategies by durum wheat plants, even if the two metals interact with each other influencing their respective uptake and translocation. Finally, we demonstrated that some genes (bHLH 29, YSL2, ZIF1, ZIFL1, ZIFL2, NAS2 and NAAT) were induced in the durum wheat roots only in response to Cd.
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Salvi L, Brunetti C, Cataldo E, Niccolai A, Centritto M, Ferrini F, Mattii GB. Effects of Ascophyllum nodosum extract on Vitis vinifera: Consequences on plant physiology, grape quality and secondary metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:21-32. [PMID: 30875532 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed-based extracts have been recently employed as sustainable tools to improve abiotic stress tolerance and increase grape quality. However, the effect of these extracts on secondary metabolism compounds, that are fundamental for grape and wine quality, is still scarce. In the present study, the effects of foliar treatments with an Ascophyllum nodosum extract on physiological and biochemical parameters of Vitis vinifera (cv. Sangiovese) were investigated. We hypothesized an enhancement in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in berry skins and in leaves in response to these treatments, effective in improve grape quality and help vines to cope with abiotic stresses. Gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence and midday stem water potential on leaves treated with A. nodosum extract and non-treated control leaves, were monitored over two growing seasons at three phenological stages: full véraison, mid maturation and full maturation. In addition, anthocyanins, flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids were quantified both in berry skins and in leaves. The foliar treatments with A. nodosum increased photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in treated compared to control plants. Furthermore, extract-treated vines were able to maintain the potential efficiency of photosystem II close to the optimal value even during the hottest periods. No effect of A. nodosum extract treatments was observed on stem water potential. A. nodosum applications delayed berry ripening, leading to a lower sugar content and a higher anthocyanin content in treated berry skins. Interestingly, treatments also affected the content and the partitioning of secondary metabolites in berry skins, as anthocyanins and flavonols contents were higher in treated compared to control plants, while the ratio of methoxylated to non-methoxylated anthocyanins was lower in treated than in control vines. Furthermore, A. nodosum extract-treated plants also had higher content of flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids both in berry skins and in leaves and showed a reduction in the biosynthesis of methoxylated anthocyanins, which are usually accumulated in grapes under environmental constraints. Considering the challenges posed by climate change in the Mediterranean basin, the use of seaweed extracts might represent a sustainable tool to mitigate the increasing severity of drought, often associated to heat-waves, on the viticulture sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Salvi
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, Italy; Trees and Timber Institute (IVALSA), National Research Council of Italy, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Cataldo
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Niccolai
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Trees and Timber Institute (IVALSA), National Research Council of Italy, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, Italy; Trees and Timber Institute (IVALSA), National Research Council of Italy, Italy
| | - Giovan Battista Mattii
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, Italy
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Morphological and Biochemical Responses of Glycine max (L.) Merr. to the Use of Seaweed Extract. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Currently, modern agriculture aims to improve the quantity and quality of crop yield, while minimizing the negative impact of treatments on the natural environment. One of the methods to increase plant yield and quality, especially after the occurrence of both abiotic or biotic stress factors, is the application of biostimulants. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Ecklonia maxima extract on plant growth, and the yield, nutritional, and nutraceutical properties of soybean seeds. A field experiment was conducted in three growing seasons (2014–2016). Soybean seeds of Atlanta cultivar were sown in the third 10-day period of April. Ecklonia maxima extract was applied in the form of single or double, spraying in the concentrations of 0.7% and 1.0%. Determinations were conducted for: biometric traits, seed yield, seed number, thousand seeds weight, contents of lipids, and proteins in seeds. Further analyses included the contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and reducing power. The number of seaweed extract applications and its concentration modified biometric traits, yield, and quality of crop, while also also altering the nutraceutical and antioxidative potential of soybean. The application of this preparation improved the growth and yield of soybean without any negative effect on the nutritive value of seeds.
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Rehman RA, Rizwan M, Qayyum MF, Ali S, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Zafar-Ul-Hye M, Hafeez F, Iqbal MF. Efficiency of various sewage sludges and their biochars in improving selected soil properties and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 223:607-613. [PMID: 29975887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to increasing demand of P fertilizers and gradual decrease in P resources, recyclable P is the focus of researchers in recent years. Sewage sludge (SS) is a municipal waste that contains appreciable amounts of P and probably other nutrients. In present study, the effects of various SS and their biochars (450 °C for 2 h) were investigated on soil properties and P uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum) with and without P fertilizer. The biomass of plants and grain yield were significantly increased with application of SS and their biochars as compared to the control treatment either without or with P application. Moreover, there was significant interaction between treatments and P application for the concentration of K, and P in shoots and roots of wheat. Shoot P concentration was not significantly affected with SS than biochars whereas root P concentration was higher in SS treatments than respective biochars. Higher increase in Olsen's P concentration was observed in populated area sludge applied-soil as compared to disposal sludge and their biochars. Overall, it is observed that SS application increased the wheat yield and P concentrations in plants than control depending upon SS types whereas biochar application decreased the P concentration in roots. Grain yield and P concentration in shoots were not significantly affected for the treatment with P fertilizers than without P. Sewage sludge and their biochars might be a potential source of P but further research is needed to recommend the use of modified SS-biochars as source of available P for crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Abdur Rehman
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar-Ul-Hye
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Hafeez
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fasih Iqbal
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
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Eid EM, Alrumman SA, El-Bebany AF, Fawy KF, Taher MA, Hesham AEL, El-Shaboury GA, Ahmed MT. The evaluation of sewage sludge application as a fertilizer for broad bean (Faba sativaBernh.) crops. Food Energy Secur 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahem M. Eid
- Biology Department; College of Science; King Khalid University; Abha Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department; Faculty of Science; Kafr El-Sheikh University; Kafr El-Sheikh Egypt
| | - Sulaiman A. Alrumman
- Biology Department; College of Science; King Khalid University; Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed F. El-Bebany
- Biology Department; College of Science; King Khalid University; Abha Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pathology Department; Faculty of Agriculture; Alexandria University; El-Shatby Alexandria Egypt
| | - Khaled F. Fawy
- Chemistry Department; College of Science; King Khalid University; Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa A. Taher
- Biology Department; College of Science; King Khalid University; Abha Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department; Faculty of Science; Aswan University; Aswan Egypt
| | - Abd El-Latif Hesham
- Biology Department; College of Science; King Khalid University; Abha Saudi Arabia
- Genetics Department; Faculty of Agriculture; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Gamal A. El-Shaboury
- Biology Department; College of Science; King Khalid University; Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed T. Ahmed
- Biology Department; College of Science; King Khalid University; Abha Saudi Arabia
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Integrated physiological and proteomic analysis reveals underlying response and defense mechanisms of Brachypodium distachyon seedling leaves under osmotic stress, cadmium and their combined stresses. J Proteomics 2017; 170:1-13. [PMID: 28986270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress, a major abiotic stress, commonly occurs in metal-contaminated environments and affects crop growth and yield. In this study, we performed the first integrated phenotypic, physiological, and proteomic analysis of Brachypodium distachyon L. seedling leaves under polyethylene glycol (PEG) mock osmotic stress, cadmium (Cd2+), and their combined stresses. Combined osmotic and Cd2+ stress had more significant effects than each individual stress on seedling growth, and the physiological traits and ultrastructures of leaves. Totally 117 differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots detected by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) were identified, and representing 89 unique proteins under individual and combined stresses. These DAPs were involved in photosynthesis/respiration (34%), energy and carbon metabolism (21%), stress/defense/detoxification (13%), protein folding and degradation (12%), and amino acid metabolism (7%). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that DAPs from the Cd2+ and combined stresses grouped much closer than those from osmotic stress, indicating Cd2+ and combined stresses resulted in more changes to the leaf proteome than osmotic stress alone. Protein-protein interaction analyses showed that a 14-3-3 centered sub-network could play important roles in responses to abiotic stresses. An overview pathway of proteome metabolic changes in Bd21 seedling leaves under combined stresses is proposed, representing a synergistic responsive network and underlying response and defense mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses, which commonly occurs in metal-contaminated environments, and affects crop growth and yield performance. We performed the first integrated phenotypic, physiological and proteomic analysis of Brachypodium distachyon L. seedling leaves under drought (PEG), cadmium (Cd2+) and their combined stresses.
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Bernal-Vicente A, Pascual JA, Tittarelli F, Hernández JA, Diaz-Vivancos P. Trichoderma harzianum T-78 supplementation of compost stimulates the antioxidant defence system in melon plants. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2208-2214. [PMID: 25255983 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compost is emerging as an alternative plant growing medium in efforts to achieve more sustainable agriculture. The addition of specific microorganisms such as Trichoderma harzianum to plant growth substrates increases yields and reduces plant diseases, but the mechanisms of such biostimulants and the biocontrol effects are not yet fully understood. In this work we investigated how the addition of citrus and vineyard composts, either alone or in combination with T. harzianum T-78, affects the antioxidant defence system in melon plants under nursery conditions. RESULTS Compost application and/or Trichoderma inoculation modulated the antioxidant defence system in melon plants. The combination of citrus compost and Trichoderma showed a biostimulant effect that correlated with an increase in ascorbate recycling enzymes (monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase) and peroxidase. Moreover, the inoculation of both composts with Trichoderma increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, especially those involved in ascorbate recycling. CONCLUSION Based on the long-established relationship between ascorbic acid and plant defence responses as well as plant growth and development, it can be suggested that ascorbate recycling activities play a major role in the protection provided by Trichoderma and its biostimulant effect and that these outcomes are linked to increases in antioxidant enzymes. We can conclude that the combination of citrus compost and T. harzianum T-78 constitutes a viable, environmentally friendly strategy for improving melon plant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Bernal-Vicente
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - José A Pascual
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fabio Tittarelli
- Centro per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di ricerca per lo studio delle relazioni tra pianta e suolo (CRA-RPS), via della Navicella, 2, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - José A Hernández
- Fruit Tree Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Diaz-Vivancos
- Fruit Tree Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Fertilizers and Mixed Crop Cultivation of Chromium Tolerant and Sensitive Plants under Chromium Toxicity. J Toxicol 2015; 2015:367217. [PMID: 25709647 PMCID: PMC4325550 DOI: 10.1155/2015/367217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zea mays (maize) and Vigna radiata (green gram) are found to be the chromium (Cr) tolerant and sensitive plants, respectively. In the present paper, we investigate the reduction of the toxicity of Cr in the sensitive plants by the mixed crop cultivation in the field using various amendments. Further, the potassium dichromate was used as the source of hexavalent Cr. The results indicated that Cr adversely affects both the growth and yield of plants. The soil properties vary with Cr and different fertilizer amendments and the yield of both plants were affected by Cr. We conclude that metal accumulation of seeds of green gram was higher than corn and the application of single fertilizer either farm yard manure (FYM) or nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK) enhances the growth and yield of both the tolerant and sensitive plants in the mixed crop cultivations.
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Karak T, Paul RK, Sonar I, Sanyal S, Ahmed KZ, Boruah RK, Das DK, Dutta AK. Chromium in soil and tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) infusion: Does soil amendment with municipal solid waste compost make sense? Food Res Int 2014; 64:114-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ertani A, Pizzeghello D, Francioso O, Sambo P, Sanchez-Cortes S, Nardi S. Capsicum chinensis L. growth and nutraceutical properties are enhanced by biostimulants in a long-term period: chemical and metabolomic approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:375. [PMID: 25136346 PMCID: PMC4117981 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Two biostimulants, one derived from alfalfa plants (AH) and the other obtained from red grape (RG), were chemically characterized using enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assays, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies. Two doses (50 and 100 mL L(-1) for RG, and 25 and 50 mL L(-1) for AH) of biostimulants were applied to Capsicum chinensis L. plants cultivated in pots inside a tunnel. The experimental design consisted of the factorial combination of treatment (no biostimulant, plus AH, plus RG) at three doses (zero, low, and high) and two time-course applications (at the second and fourth week after transplantation) and the effects were recorded at flowering and maturity. Both biostimulants contained different amounts of indoleacetic acid and isopentenyladenosine; the AH spectra exhibited amino acid functional groups in the peptidic structure, while the RG spectra showed the presence of polyphenols, such as resveratrol. These results revealed that at flowering, RG and AH increased the weights of fresh leaves and fruits and the number of green fruits, whereas at maturity, the biostimulants most affected the fresh weight and number of red fruits. At flowering, the leaves of the treated plants contained high amounts of epicatechin, ascorbic acid, quercetin, and dihydrocapsaicin. At maturity, the leaves of the treated plants exhibited elevated amounts of fructose, glucose, chlorogenic, and ferulic acids. Moreover, green fruits exhibited a high content of chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid and antioxidant activity, while both AH- and RG-treated red fruits were highly endowed in capsaicin. The (1)H high-resolution magic-angle spinning (HRMAS)-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of red fruits revealed that both products induced a high amount of NADP(+), whereas RG also increased glucose, fumarate, ascorbate, thymidine and high molecular weight species. Our results suggested that AH and RG promoted plant growth and the production of secondary metabolites, such as phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ertani
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università di PadovaPadova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Andrea Ertani, Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Padova 35020, Italy e-mail:
| | - Diego Pizzeghello
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università di PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Ornella Francioso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università di BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Sambo
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università di PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Santiago Sanchez-Cortes
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM)Madrid, Spain
| | - Serenella Nardi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università di PadovaPadova, Italy
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Carbonell G, de Imperial RM, Torrijos M, Delgado M, Rodriguez JA. Effects of municipal solid waste compost and mineral fertilizer amendments on soil properties and heavy metals distribution in maize plants (Zea mays L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:1614-23. [PMID: 21908014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil amendments based on crop nutrient requirements are considered a beneficial management practice. A greenhouse experiment with maize seeds (Zea mays L.) was conducted to assess the inputs of metals to agricultural land from soil amendments. Maize seeds were exposed to a municipal solid waste (MSW) compost (50 Mg ha(-1)) and NPK fertilizer (33 g plant(-1)) amendments considering N plant requirement until the harvesting stage with the following objectives: (1) determine the accumulation of total and available metals in soil and (2) know the uptake and ability of translocation of metals from roots to different plant parts, and their effect on biomass production. The results showed that MSW compost increased Cu, Pb and Zn in soil, while NPK fertilizer increased Cd and Ni, but decreased Hg concentration in soil. The root system acted as a barrier for Cr, Ni, Pb and Hg, so metal uptake and translocation were lower in aerial plant parts. Biomass production was significantly enhanced in both MSW and NPK fertilizer-amended soils (17%), but also provoked slight increases of metals and their bioavailability in soil. The highest metal concentrations were observed in roots, but there were no significant differences between plants growing in amended soil and the control soil. Important differences were found for aerial plant parts as regards metal accumulation, whereas metal levels in grains were negligible in all the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregoria Carbonell
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, INIA, Spain.
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Wang ZW, Nan ZR, Wang SL, Zhao ZJ. Accumulation and distribution of cadmium and lead in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in contaminated soils from the oasis, north-west China. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:377-384. [PMID: 21086461 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crops grown in soils contaminated by heavy metals are an important avenue for toxic metals entering the human food chain. The objectives of our study were to investigate the accumulation and distribution of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in wheat plants cultivated in arid soils spiked with different doses of heavy metal, as well as bioavailability of these metals in the contaminated arid soils from the oasis, north-west China. RESULTS The concentrations of Cd in the roots of wheat plants were about 5, 14 and 8 times higher than those in the shoots, shells and grains, respectively. The concentrations of Pb in the roots were about 23, 76 and 683 times higher than those in the shoots, shells and grains, respectively. Grains contained 11-14% and 0.1-0.2% of Cd and Pb found in roots of wheat plants. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) is the ratio of metal concentration in plant tissues and metal concentration in their rooted soils. The average BCF of Cd and Pb in grains was 0.6270 and 0.0007. Cd and Pb contents in different parts of wheat plants mainly correlated with the bound-to-carbonate metal fractions in contaminated arid soils. CONCLUSION The preliminary study indicated that Cd and Pb were predominantly accumulated and distributed in wheat roots and shoots, and only a small proportion of these metals can reach the grains. The carbonate fractions mainly contributed to Cd and Pb bioavailability in contaminated arid soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems of the Ministry of Education (MOE) & College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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