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Soni M, Yadav A, Maurya A, Das S, Dubey NK, Dwivedy AK. Advances in Designing Essential Oil Nanoformulations: An Integrative Approach to Mathematical Modeling with Potential Application in Food Preservation. Foods 2023; 12:4017. [PMID: 37959136 PMCID: PMC10648556 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Preservation of foods, along with health and safety issues, is a growing concern in the current generation. Essential oils have emerged as a natural means for the long-term protection of foods along with the maintenance of their qualities. Direct applications of essential oils have posed various constraints to the food system and also have limitations in application; hence, encapsulation of essential oils into biopolymers has been recognized as a cutting-edge technology to overcome these challenges. This article presents and evaluates the strategies for the development of encapsulated essential oils on the basis of fascination with the modeling and shuffling of various biopolymers, surfactants, and co-surfactants, along with the utilization of different fabrication processes. Artificial intelligence and machine learning have enabled the preparation of different nanoemulsion formulations, synthesis strategies, stability, and release kinetics of essential oils or their bioactive components from nanoemulsions with improved efficacy in food systems. Different mathematical models for the stability and delivery kinetics of essential oils in food systems have also been discussed. The article also explains the advanced application of modeling-based encapsulation strategies on the preservation of a variety of food commodities with their intended implication in food and agricultural industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (M.S.); (A.Y.); (A.M.); (S.D.); (N.K.D.)
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Exploring the Citrus Sour Rot pathogen: biochemical aspects, virulence factors, and strategies for disease management - a review. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions by high-pressure homogenization: Formulation, stability, and antimicrobial activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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In vitro and in silico evaluation of antifungal activity of cassia (Cinnamomum cassia) and holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) essential oils for the control of anthracnose and crown-rot postharvest diseases of banana fruits. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pavoni L, Perinelli DR, Bonacucina G, Cespi M, Palmieri GF. An Overview of Micro- and Nanoemulsions as Vehicles for Essential Oils: Formulation, Preparation and Stability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E135. [PMID: 31940900 PMCID: PMC7023169 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The interest around essential oils is constantly increasing thanks to their biological properties exploitable in several fields, from pharmaceuticals to food and agriculture. However, their widespread use and marketing are still restricted due to their poor physico-chemical properties; i.e., high volatility, thermal decomposition, low water solubility, and stability issues. At the moment, the most suitable approach to overcome such limitations is based on the development of proper formulation strategies. One of the approaches suggested to achieve this goal is the so-called encapsulation process through the preparation of aqueous nano-dispersions. Among them, micro- and nanoemulsions are the most studied thanks to the ease of formulation, handling and to their manufacturing costs. In this direction, this review intends to offer an overview of the formulation, preparation and stability parameters of micro- and nanoemulsions. Specifically, recent literature has been examined in order to define the most common practices adopted (materials and fabrication methods), highlighting their suitability and effectiveness. Finally, relevant points related to formulations, such as optimization, characterization, stability and safety, not deeply studied or clarified yet, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (L.P.); (D.R.P.); (G.B.); (G.F.P.)
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Moraes Bazioli J, Belinato JR, Costa JH, Akiyama DY, Pontes JGDM, Kupper KC, Augusto F, de Carvalho JE, Fill TP. Biological Control of Citrus Postharvest Phytopathogens. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11080460. [PMID: 31390769 PMCID: PMC6723504 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus are vulnerable to the postharvest decay caused by Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, and Geotrichum citri-aurantii, which are responsible for the green mold, blue mold, and sour rot post-harvest disease, respectively. The widespread economic losses in citriculture caused by these phytopathogens are minimized with the use of synthetic fungicides such as imazalil, thiabendazole, pyrimethanil, and fludioxonil, which are mainly employed as control agents and may have harmful effects on human health and environment. To date, numerous non-chemical postharvest treatments have been investigated for the control of these pathogens. Several studies demonstrated that biological control using microbial antagonists and natural products can be effective in controlling postharvest diseases in citrus, as well as the most used commercial fungicides. Therefore, microbial agents represent a considerably safer and low toxicity alternative to synthetic fungicides. In the present review, these biological control strategies as alternative to the chemical fungicides are summarized here and new challenges regarding the development of shelf-stable formulated biocontrol products are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Moraes Bazioli
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-859 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - João Raul Belinato
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas Henrique Costa
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Yuri Akiyama
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabio Augusto
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-859 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Taícia Pacheco Fill
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Serna-Escolano V, Serrano M, Valero D, Rodríguez-López MI, Gabaldón JA, Castillo S, Guillén F, Zapata PJ, Martínez-Romero D. Effect of Thymol and Carvacrol Encapsulated in Hp-Β-Cyclodextrin by Two Inclusion Methods against Geotrichum citri-aurantii. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1513-1521. [PMID: 31120593 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Geotrichum citri-aurantii causes sour rot in citrus fruits and is responsible for important economic losses during storage. However, the availability of chemical fungicides for the control of this pathogen is limited. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of thymol and carvacrol encapsulated in 2-hydroxylpropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) (prepared by the microwave irradiation method [MW] and solubility method [S]) for inhibition of G. citri-aurantii using in vitro bioassays broth (micro and macrodilutions methods) and inoculated food testing. Both encapsulated thymol and carvacrol were shown to be effective for inhibiting G. citri-aurantii growth in in vitro assays. Thymol was more effective in inhibiting G. citri-aurantii, while better encapsulation was provided by MW. HP-β-CD-thymol encapsulated by MW (HP-β-CD-thymol-MW) showed the lowest 50% effective dose (ED50 = 1.16 mM), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC = 5.06 mM), and minimum fungicide concentration (MFC = 52.6 mM). HP-β-CD-thymol-MW was found highly effective in reducing the growth rate and mycelial growth inhibition. Finally, HP-β-CD-thymol-MW and HP-β-CD-carvacrol-MW showed a higher persistent effect than thymol and carvacrol in their natural form in inhibiting this fungus. Therefore, HP-β-CD-thymol-MW could be a promising alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling G. citri-aurantii, the causal agent of citrus sour rot. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Encapsulated thymol and carvacrol in HP-β-Cyclodextrins are effective for controlling G. citri-aurantii in in vitro experiments. Encapsulation of thymol and carvacrol by microwave irradiation method (MW) was more effective than the solubility (S) method. Thymol was more effective than carvacrol, and the best results on G. citri-auriantii inhibition were achieved using the HP-β-CD-thymol-MW method (which gave the lowest ED50 , MIC, and MFC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Serna-Escolano
- Dept. of Food Technology, Univ. Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Serrano
- Dept. of Applied Biology, Univ. Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Daniel Valero
- Dept. of Food Technology, Univ. Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Isabel Rodríguez-López
- Dept. of Food Technology and Nutrition, Univ. Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Avenida de los Jerónimos s/n, 30107, Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Gabaldón
- Dept. of Food Technology and Nutrition, Univ. Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Avenida de los Jerónimos s/n, 30107, Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvador Castillo
- Dept. of Food Technology, Univ. Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fabián Guillén
- Dept. of Food Technology, Univ. Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Javier Zapata
- Dept. of Food Technology, Univ. Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Domingo Martínez-Romero
- Dept. of Food Technology, Univ. Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
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Cytosporone B as a Biological Preservative: Purification, Fungicidal Activity and Mechanism of Action against Geotrichum citri-aurantii. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040125. [PMID: 30934892 PMCID: PMC6523523 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To prevent citrus decay caused by Geotrichum citri-aurantii, 12 natural products were isolated from two endophytic fungi, in which cytosporone B was shown to have excellent bioactivity for control of G. citri-aurantii with median effect concentration (EC50) of 26.11 μg/mL and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 105 μg/mL, and also significantly reduced the decay of sugar orange during the in vivo trials. In addition, cytosporone B could alter the morphology of G. citri-aurantii by causing distortion of the mycelia and loss of membrane integrity. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between cytosporone B-treated and -untreated samples were revealed by Illumina sequencing, including 3540 unigenes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that most DEGs were related to metabolic production and cell membrane. These findings suggest cytosporone B is a promising biological preservative to control citrus decay and reveal the action mechanism of cytosporone B in relation to the destruction of the fungal cell membrane at both morphological and molecular levels.
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Zhang H, Lou Z, Chen X, Cui Y, Wang H, Kou X, Ma C. Effect of simultaneous ultrasonic and microwave assisted hydrodistillation on the yield, composition, antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of essential oils from Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kaur G, Mehta S. Developments of Polysorbate (Tween) based microemulsions: Preclinical drug delivery, toxicity and antimicrobial applications. Int J Pharm 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lou Z, Chen J, Yu F, Wang H, Kou X, Ma C, Zhu S. The antioxidant, antibacterial, antibiofilm activity of essential oil from Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis and its nanoemulsion. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lou Z, Wang H, Tang Y, Chen X. The effect of burdock leaf fraction on adhesion, biofilm formation, quorum sensing and virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:615-624. [PMID: 27860087 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a fraction of burdock (Arctium lappa L.) leaf on the initial adhesion, biofilm formation, quorum sensing and virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS AND RESULTS Antibiofilm activity of the burdock leaf fraction was studied by the method of crystal violet staining. When the concentration of the burdock leaf fraction was 2·0 mg ml-1 , the inhibition rates on biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa were 100%. The burdock leaf fraction was found to inhibit the formation of biofilm by reducing bacterial surface hydrophobicity, decreasing bacterial aggregation ability and inhibiting swarming motility. Interestingly, the burdock leaf fraction inhibited the secretion of quorum-sensing (QS) signalling molecule 3-oxo-C12-HSL and interfered quorum sensing. Moreover, the QS-regulated pyocyanin and elastase were also inhibited. Chemical composition analysis by UPLC-MS showed 11 active compounds in the burdock leaf fraction. CONCLUSIONS The burdock leaf fraction significantly inhibited the formation of biofilm and quorum sensing, as well as significantly decreased the content of virulence factors. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study introduces a natural and effective bacterial biofilm inhibitor, which could also significantly decrease the content of virulence factors and the drug resistance of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,College of Life Science and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China
| | - H Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Y Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - X Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,College of Life Science and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China
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Chen CY, Zheng JP, Wan CP, Chen M, Chen JY. Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose coating enriched with clove oil on postharvest quality of ‘Xinyu’ mandarin oranges. FRUITS 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/fruits/2016019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Xavier-Junior FH, Vauthier C, Morais ARV, Alencar EN, Egito EST. Microemulsion systems containing bioactive natural oils: an overview on the state of the art. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 43:700-714. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1235186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lou Z, Li C, Kou X, Yu F, Wang H, Smith GM, Zhu S. Antibacterial, Antibiofilm Effect of Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) Leaf Fraction and Its Efficiency in Meat Preservation. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1404-9. [PMID: 27497128 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
First, the antibacterial, antibiofilm effect and chemical composition of burdock (Arctium lappa L.) leaf fractions were studied. Then, the efficiency of burdock leaf fractions in pork preservation was evaluated. The results showed that burdock leaf fraction significantly inhibited the growth and biofilm development of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium. MICs of burdock leaf fractions on E. coli and Salmonella Typhimurium were both 2 mg/ml. At a concentration of 2.0 mg/ml, the inhibition rates of the fraction on growth and development of E. coli and Salmonella Typhimurium biofilms were 78.7 and 69.9%, respectively. During storage, the log CFU per gram of meat samples treated with burdock leaf fractions decreased 2.15, compared with the samples without treatment. The shelf life of pork treated with burdock leaf fractions was extended 6 days compared with the pork without treatment, and the sensory property was obviously improved. Compared with the control group, burdock leaf fraction treatment significantly decreased the total volatile basic nitrogen value and pH of the meat samples. Chemical composition analysis showed that the burdock leaf fraction consisted of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, cynarin, crocin, luteolin, arctiin, and quercetin. As a vegetable with an abundant source, burdock leaf is safe, affordable, and efficient in meat preservation, indicating that burdock leaf fraction is a promising natural preservative for pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingran Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China. National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China. National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Gary M Smith
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | - Song Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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Xu S, Ni Z, Ma L, Zheng X. Control ofAlternariaRot of Cherry Tomatoes by Food-GradeLaurus NobilisEssential Oil Microemulsion. J Food Saf 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute for Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Zhendan Ni
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute for Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Luyao Ma
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute for Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute for Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
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Sharma AK, Garg T, Goyal AK, Rath G. Role of microemuslsions in advanced drug delivery. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1177-85. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1012261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Wang D, Ren S, Wang H, Yan H, Feng J, Zhang X. Semisynthesis and Antifungal Activity of Novel Oxime Ester Derivatives of Carabrone Modified at C(4) againstBotrytis cinerea. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:886-903. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Du H, Feng Q, Yang X, Xu R, Li H, Dong X, Zhu Q, Wang D, Lu X, Niu X. “Whole Chinese angelica” microemulsion: its preparation andin vivoandin vitroevaluations. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:1330-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.819881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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