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Baldwin A, Dhorajiwala R, Roberts C, Dimitrova S, Tu S, Jones S, Ludlow RA, Cammarisano L, Davoli D, Andrews R, Kent NA, Spadafora ND, Müller CT, Rogers HJ. Storage of halved strawberry fruits affects aroma, phytochemical content and gene expression, and is affected by pre-harvest factors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1165056. [PMID: 37324675 PMCID: PMC10264638 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1165056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Strawberry fruit are highly valued for their aroma which develops during ripening. However, they have a short shelf-life. Low temperature storage is routinely used to extend shelf-life for transport and storage in the supply chain, however cold storage can also affect fruit aroma. Some fruit continue to ripen during chilled storage; however, strawberries are a non-climacteric fruit and hence ripening postharvest is limited. Although most strawberry fruit is sold whole, halved fruit is also used in ready to eat fresh fruit salads which are of increasing consumer demand and pose additional challenges to fresh fruit storage. Methods To better understand the effects of cold storage, volatilomic and transcriptomic analyses were applied to halved Fragaria x ananassa cv. Elsanta fruit stored at 4 or 8°C for up to 12 days over two growing seasons. Results and discussion The volatile organic compound (VOC) profile differed between 4 or 8°C on most days of storage. Major differences were detected between the two different years of harvest indicating that aroma change at harvest and during storage is highly dependent on environmental factors during growth. The major component of the aroma profile in both years was esters. Over 3000 genes changed in expression over 5 days of storage at 8°C in transcriptome analysis. Overall, phenylpropanoid metabolism, which may also affect VOCs, and starch metabolism were the most significantly affected pathways. Genes involved in autophagy were also differentially expressed. Expression of genes from 43 different transcription factor (TF) families changed in expression: mostly they were down-regulated but NAC and WRKY family genes were mainly up-regulated. Given the high ester representation amongst VOCs, the down-regulation of an alcohol acyl transferase (AAT) during storage is significant. A total of 113 differentially expressed genes were co-regulated with the AAT gene, including seven TFs. These may be potential AAT regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Baldwin
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Callum Roberts
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Dimitrova
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Tu
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Jones
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Daniela Davoli
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Andrews
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas A. Kent
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha D. Spadafora
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Hilary J. Rogers
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Mendes da Silva T, Giuggioli NR, Peano C. Modelling strawberry quality in a longitudinal study under the marketing concept of branding. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06165. [PMID: 33665407 PMCID: PMC7900707 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Marketing strategies, such as branding, redefine how consumers perceive quality and create new requirements related to season length and quality homogeneity, among others. For short-day (SD) strawberry cultivar brands, the commercial season is short due to a dependency on temperature and photoperiod. A plausible strategy to extend the commercialization period is to use different varieties within a single brand; however, this has led to inconsistent quality in other fruit crops. A form of quality assessment to evaluate the impact of a multi-varietal brand on sensory quality is a critical longitudinal study with several sources of variability, such as the inherent variation among assessors and fruit replicates that can affect the reliability of the results. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a methodology to assess the sensorial and physicochemical quality of strawberry brands in two contexts: a short-term season composed of two SD cultivars and a long-term season with one SD and one day-neutral (DN) cultivar. Results New statistical models are proposed in this study. An ANOVA mixed model with assessors and replicates as random terms and a multiple factor analysis highlighted a lack of homogeneity with regard to texture parameters and sourness, while partial least square models identified aroma and sweetness as the best quality indicators. Conclusions This work has successfully illustrated a methodology that is capable of handling critical aspects of longitudinal studies by using univariate models that account for different sources of variability and constrained multivariate models to relate parameters with overall liking. A long-term brand is a viable solution to valorise strawberries, as parameter heterogeneity did not affect overall quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Mendes da Silva
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, Grugliasco (TO), 10095, Piedmont, Italy
| | - Nicole Roberta Giuggioli
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, Grugliasco (TO), 10095, Piedmont, Italy
| | - Cristiana Peano
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, Grugliasco (TO), 10095, Piedmont, Italy
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Barton A, Hayward L, Richardson CD, McSweeney MB. Use of different panellists (experienced, trained, consumers and experts) and the projective mapping task to evaluate white wine. Food Qual Prefer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.103900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Smith AM, McSweeney MB. Partial projective mapping and ultra‐flash profile with and without red light: A case study with white wine. J SENS STUD 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Smith
- School of Nutrition and DieteticsAcadia University Wolfville Nova Scotia Canada
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Morin M, Hayward L, McSweeney MB. Use of experienced panelists and the projective mapping task in comparison to trained panelists and naïve consumers. J SENS STUD 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maude Morin
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics; Acadia University; Wolfville Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Lydia Hayward
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics; Acadia University; Wolfville Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Matthew B. McSweeney
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics; Acadia University; Wolfville Nova Scotia Canada
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Oliver P, Cicerale S, Pang E, Keast R. Comparison of Quantitative Descriptive Analysis to the Napping methodology with and without product training. J SENS STUD 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Oliver
- Centre of Advanced Sensory Science; Deakin University; Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Sara Cicerale
- Centre of Advanced Sensory Science; Deakin University; Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Edwin Pang
- School of Science, RMIT University; Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | - Russell Keast
- Centre of Advanced Sensory Science; Deakin University; Burwood Victoria Australia
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Oliver P, Cicerale S, Pang E, Keast R. Identifying Key Flavors in Strawberries Driving Liking via Internal and External Preference Mapping. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1073-1083. [PMID: 29603215 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Australian consumers desire the development of a more flavorsome Australian strawberry cultivar. To aid in the development of well-liked strawberries, the attributes driving liking need to be identified. The objective of this research is to apply Preference Mapping (PM) techniques to the descriptive profile of commercial and newly bred strawberry cultivars, together with consumer preference data to determine the flavors contributing to liking. A trained sensory panel (n = 12) used Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA®) methodology to evaluate two appearance, seven aroma, five texture, 10 flavor and 10 aftertaste attributes of three commercial strawberry cultivars and six elite breeding lines grown in Victoria, Australia. Strawberry consumers (n = 150) assessed their liking of the same strawberry cultivars. QDA® significantly discriminated strawberries on 28 of the 34 sensory attributes. There were significant differences in hedonic ratings of strawberries (F(8,714) = 11.5, P = 0.0001), with Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) identifying three consumer clusters each displaying differing patterns of preference. Internal and external PM techniques were applied to the data to identify the attributes driving consumer acceptability. Sweet, berry, caramel, fruity and floral attributes were identified as most contributing to liking. Sour, citrus, green, astringent, firm and gritty attributes were conversely associated with a reduction in consumer liking. Elite Lines 2 and 6 have been identified as having the broadest appeal, satisfying between 60% and 70% of consumers in the population assessed, thus the introduction of these cultivars should satisfy the largest group of consumers in the Australian market. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The results of this research could be applied to breeding programs, to ensure newly bred cultivars express characteristics that were identified as well-liked amongst consumers. In addition, this research provides evidence for marketing strawberries by cultivar, to assist consumers in identifying those strawberries for which they have a preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Oliver
- Centre of Advanced Sensory Science, Deakin Univ., 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara Cicerale
- Centre of Advanced Sensory Science, Deakin Univ., 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Edwin Pang
- School of Science, RMIT Univ., Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Russell Keast
- Centre of Advanced Sensory Science, Deakin Univ., 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, Australia
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Oliver P, Cicerale S, Pang E, Keast R. Check-all-that-applies as an alternative for descriptive analysis to establish flavors driving liking in strawberries. J SENS STUD 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Oliver
- Centre of Advanced Sensory Science, Deakin University; Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Sara Cicerale
- Centre of Advanced Sensory Science, Deakin University; Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Edwin Pang
- School of Science, RMIT University; Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | - Russell Keast
- Centre of Advanced Sensory Science, Deakin University; Burwood Victoria Australia
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Vicente E, Ares G, Rodríguez G, Varela P, Bologna F, Lado J. Selection of promising sweet potato clones using projective mapping. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:158-164. [PMID: 26956366 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing demand for sweet potato in regions with temperate climates has triggered interest in the development of new cultivars. Breeding of this crop should consider sensory characteristics in order to meet consumers' expectations. This requires the application of simple and cost-effective methodologies that allow quality evaluation from a sensory perspective. RESULTS With the objective of identifying the key sensory characteristics of different sweet potato genotypes, two commercial cultivars and seven clones were evaluated during three consecutive years using projective mapping by an untrained consumer panel. This methodology allowed the discrimination of the genotypes, identifying similarities and differences among groups based on sensory terms selected by the assessors. Genotypes were differentiated in terms of texture and flavor characteristics (firmness, moisture, smoothness, creaminess, flavor intensity, sweetness and bitterness). Materials for future crossings were identified. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of the sensory characteristics of sweet potato clones and cultivars using projective mapping is a quick, cost-effective and reliable tool for the selection of new advanced sweet potato clones with superior sensory characteristics compared to the reference cultivars INIA Arapey and Cuarí. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Vicente
- Programa Nacional de Producción Hortícola, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Salto Grande, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Gastón Ares
- Sensometrics & Consumer Science, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Pando, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Rodríguez
- Programa Nacional de Producción Hortícola, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Salto Grande, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Varela
- Programa Nacional de Producción Hortícola, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Salto Grande, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Franco Bologna
- Programa Nacional de Producción Hortícola, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Salto Grande, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Joanna Lado
- Programa Nacional de Producción Hortícola, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Salto Grande, Salto, Uruguay
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Zhang T, Lusk K, Mirosa M, Oey I. Understanding young immigrant Chinese consumers’ freshness perceptions of orange juices: A study based on concept evaluation. Food Qual Prefer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Savidan CH, Morris C. Panelists' Performances and Strategies in Paper-Based and Computer-Based Projective Mapping. J SENS STUD 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecile Morris
- Food Group; Sheffield Hallam University; Howard Street Sheffield S1 1WB UK
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