Enhancing phosphorus uptake and yield of wheat with phosphoric acid application in calcareous soil

Phosphorus mobilization and improvement of crop agronomic performances by a new white-rot fungus Ceriporia lacerata HG2011

BACKGROUND

Some soil microorganisms can mobilize unavailable phosphorus (P) in soils for plant use and increase P fertilizer efficiency. Thus, an abiotic P solubilization experiment and fungal incubation in solution and soil were conducted to investigate the mobilization of various P compounds by a new white-rot fungus Ceriporia lacerata HG2011. The crop agronomic performances were then evaluated in the winter barley-summer maize-winter wheat rotation field.

RESULTS

Ceriporia lacerata HG2011 had a wide P mobilization spectrum and mobilized P by different mechanisms depending on P sources supplied in liquid culture. The chief mechanism employed by this fungus was the production of protons in mobilizing Ca₃ (PO₄ )₂ , low-molecular-weight organic acids and other unknown substances in FePO₄ and AlPO₄ , phytase (an inducible enzyme in the presence of phytate) in phytate, and phosphatase in lecithin and ribonucleic acid, respectively. As a result of the large fungal biomass, P accumulated in the hypha should also be considered in the assessment of the fungal P mobilization, and not just only soluble inorganic P. As C. lacerata HG2011 colonized on and in the test soil, phosphatase and phytase activities were enhanced but pH decreased in the soil, leading to P mobilization. The application of this fungus mobilized soil P, increased crop P uptake and yields, and consecutively reduced P fertilizer use without yield sacrifices in the multiple crop rotation field.

CONCLUSION

C. lacerata HG2011 showed a new use with respect to mobilizing soil P and reducing P fertilizer input in modern agriculture beyond medical purposes, environmental protection and biofuel production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Phosphate fertilizer premixing with farmyard manure enhances phosphorus availability in calcareous soil for higher wheat productivity

Fixation reactions reduce the concentration of soluble phosphorus (P) and affect crop growth in alkaline calcareous soils. In lab and greenhouse studies, phosphoric acid (PA) or diammonium phosphate (DAP) were evaluated at various P rates (0, 18, 36 and 54 mg kg^-1 soil), either as non-mix (designated as NM-PA and NM-DAP, respectively) or after premixing with farmyard manure (FYM) at 400 mg kg^-1 soil (designated as PM-PA and PM-DAP, respectively). The amended soil was incubated at 25 °C and 70% water holding capacity for 7 weeks; thereafter, ³²P dynamics were measured using the Freundlich kinetic model. A greenhouse study was also conducted using the same thirteen treatments (as used in incubation experiment) and wheat cultivar (Galaxy 2013) was grown following standard agronomic practices. The results showed that application of PM-PA at the highest rate, which caused maximum change in Pr (ΔPr = 59%) in laboratory condition, also produced maximum P uptake by grain (190.3 mg pot^-1) and grain yield (44.1 g pot^-1) of wheat in greenhouse experiment. Similarly, regression analysis showed that an increase in Pr values caused a corresponding increase in crop parameters. The results suggested that pre-mixing P fertilizer with FYM could be a viable technique to increase P supply and enhance productivity of wheat in alkaline calcareous soils.